Corresponding author: Jong-Wook Lee (
Academic editor: G. Broad
Ten species of the genus
Khalaim AI, Balueva EN, Kim K-B, Lee J-W (2014) Review of the genus
Extensive study of South Korean
In this paper, we review one of the largest tersilochine genera,
Only one species of the genus
The ichneumonid collection of Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea (further YUG), was studied. From this material, nine species of the genus
Most specimens, including all holotypes, are kept at Yeungnam University, and some specimens are deposited in ZISP.
Photographs were taken at ZISP using a DFC290 digital camera attached to a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope. Partially focused photographs were combined using Helicon Focus software. In the
All Korean species have occipital carina complete, scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae developed only at its basal part, fore wing with second recurrent vein distinctly postfurcal and legs slender with tarsal claws not pectinate.
1 | Second tergite 2.0–2.5 times as long as anteriorly broad. Thyridial depression distinctly elongate. First tergite very slender, about 5.0 times as long as posteriorly broad, smooth, with small glymma situated in apical 0.6–0.7 of first tergite. [Malar space about as long as basal width of mandible. Ovipositor with weak dorsal subapical depression, without teeth, its sheath about twice as long as first tergite.] (Subgenus |
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– | Second tergite 0.8–1.5 times as long as anteriorly broad ( |
2 |
2 | Mesopleuron centrally distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures ( |
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– | Mesopleuron densely granulate, impunctate or with fine punctures ( |
3 |
3 | Head, in dorsal view, weakly to moderately rounded and very strongly tapered behind eyes ( |
4 |
– | Head, in dorsal view, strongly rounded, weakly tapered just behind eyes ( |
5 |
4 | Propodeum with basal keel ( |
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– | Propodeum with basal area ( |
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5 | Eyes conspicuously enlarged; temple short, almost 0.6 times as long as eye width ( |
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– | Eyes not enlarged; temple longer, 0.75–0.85 times as long as eye width ( |
6 |
6 | Eyes with inner orbits weakly but distinctly convergent dorsally ( |
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– | Eyes with inner orbits more or less parallel ( |
7 |
7 | Malar space short, 0.4–0.6 times as long as basal width of mandible | 8 |
– | Malar space almost as long as basal width of mandible | 9 |
8 | Metasoma behind first tergite yellow-brown ( |
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– | Metasoma behind first tergite predominantly dark brown ( |
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9 | Propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by 2.0–2.5 times diameter of spiracle ( |
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– | Propodeal spiracle adjacent to pleural carina ( |
South Korea, Gangwon-do (GW), Taebaek-si, Tong-dong, Yeonhwasan,
Widespread transpalaearctic species. First record from South Korea.
Head roundly constricted behind eyes in dorsal view (as in
Head (including clypeus), mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi brownish yellow to brown; tegula yellow. Mandible blackish in basal 0.4, reddish brown centrally and with teeth reddish black. Antenna entirely black. Pterostigma brown with whitish marks on proximal and distal corners. Legs brownish yellow; coxae brownish black; first trochanters brownish. Metasoma behind first tergite predominantly dark brown.
Differs from other species of the genus by the combination of long temple, granulate and impunctate head, and mesosoma (
Paratype almost exactly corresponds with the holotype. In paratype, flagellomeres are slightly shorter, propodeum is with weak basal keel, and ovipositor is slightly shorter than in the holotype.
Holotype female, South Korea, Gangwon-do (GW), Taebaek-si, Hyeoldong, Mt. Taebaek,
Paratype. 1 female (ZISP), South Korea, Gyeongbuk-do (GB), Uljin-gun, Seo-myeon, Wangpi-ri, Wangpicheon, Parkdaljae, Malaise trap, 24.VI–31.VII.2012, coll. J.K. Choi.
South Korea.
Named after the Latin
Head strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi and lower 0.4 of clypeus brown; mandible yellow-brown, fuscous basally, and with reddish teeth; tegula yellow. Antenna entirely black. Pterostigma brown. Legs brownish yellow; coxae brownish black, first trochanters brownish. Metasoma behind first tergite dark brown.
Differs from other Korean species of the genus
Paratype corresponds well with the holotype but has somewhat less clavate ovipositor and shorter thyridial depression.
Holotype female, South Korea, Gangwon-do (GW), Taebaek-si, Sodo-dong Mt. Taebaek, Danggol valley,
Paratype. 1 female (ZISP), South Korea, Gangwon-do (GW), Taebaek-si, Hyeol-dong, Mandeoksa,
South Korea.
Named after the type locality, Gangwon province of South Korea.
Differs from other Korean species of the genus by an evenly granulate propodeum with basal keel (
Flagellum with finger-shaped subapical structures present on outer surface of flagellomeres 4 to 6; these structures in this species are very small, inconspicuous, and hardly visible under a light microscope.
South Korea: Gyeongsangnam-do (GN).
Head strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view (
Mesosoma entirely granulate, dull, impunctate; mesopleuron centrally with fine oblique striae on granulate background (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi, mandible (except reddish black teeth), and lower 0.3 of clypeus yellow-brown; tegula yellow. Antenna dark brown. Pterostigma brown. Legs brownish yellow; fore and mid coxae weakly brown, and hind coxa strongly brown. Metasoma behind first tergite yellow-brown.
Differs from other Palaearctic species of
Holotype female, South Korea, Chungbuk-do (CB), Jecheon-si, Deoksan-myeon, Worak-ri, Deoksanmaepyoso,
South Korea.
Named after the Latin
Head strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view; temple 0.85 times as long as eye width. Inner eye orbits parallel. Mandible with upper tooth distinctly longer than lower tooth. Clypeus lenticular, 2.7 times as broad as long, in profile slightly convex, with lower 0.3 bent backwards; sparsely punctate, finely granulate, and dull in upper half. Malar space almost as long as basal width of mandible. Flagellum of antenna weakly tapered towards apex, with 21 segments in the holotype and 20 segments in the paratype (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi and lower 0.3 of clypeus reddish brown; mandible reddish brown with blackish base and teeth; tegula yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel brownish black and flagellum entirely black. Pterostigma brown. Legs brownish yellow; fore coxa brown basally; mid and hind coxae brownish black; first trochanter of hind leg dark brown. Metasoma behind first tergite dark brown ventrally to brownish black dorsally.
Similar to
Paratype almost exactly corresponds with the holotype with no obvious variation.
Holotype female, South Korea, Jeonnam-do (JN), Jeongeup-si, Jangseong-gun, Bukha-myeon, Namchanggol, Malaise trap, Site 18, 19.V.2005, coll. D.K. Jung (YUG).
Paratype. 1 female (ZISP), South Korea, Gyeongbuk-do (GB), Cheongdo-gun, Maejeon-myeon,
Named after the Latin
Head very strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi and lower margin of clypeus yellowish brown; mandible yellowish brown, blackish basally and with black teeth; tegula yellow. Antenna brown. Pterostigma brown. Legs brownish yellow, hind coxa brownish. Metasoma behind first tergite brownish yellow (
Differs from other Palaearctic species of
Holotype female, South Korea, Chungnam-do, (CN), Daejeon, Dong-gu, Daejeon University,
South Korea.
Named after the Latin
Head rounded behind eyes in dorsal view (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi, mandible (teeth reddish black), lower 0.3 of clypeus, and tegula brownish yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow-brown, flagellum black. Pterostigma dark brown. Legs brownish yellow; fore and mid coxae basally brown; hind coxae brownish black; hind femur centrally with brownish black mark on outer side. Metasoma behind first tergite predominantly yellow-brown ventrally and laterally, tergites 2 and 3 dorsally extensively black with narrow yellow-brown band posteriorly, tergites 4 and 5 with dorsal blackish areas smaller.
This is the only species of the genus
One female from southeast China generally corresponds well with this species (including small subapical finger-shaped structures on flagellomeres 2–5) but has a flagellum with 20 segments, mesopleuron with weaker punctures and centrally mostly finely granulate, propodeal spiracle separated from pleural carina by half diameter of spiracle, thyridial depression almost twice as long as broad, and ovipositor strongly clavate, with conspicuous dorsal subapical depression and rounded tooth before this depression (
Holotype female, South Korea, Gyeongbuk-do (GB), Yeongju-si, Punggi-eup, Jungnyeong,
China, Jiangxi reg., Jiulianshan, 27.IV.2011, coll. M.-L. Sheng, 1 female (deposited in General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration, P.R. China).
South Korea, ?China (Jiangxi).
Named on account of its densely punctate mesopleuron.
Head weakly rounded and strongly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (
Head, mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi, mandible (except reddish black teeth), and lower 0.3 of clypeus yellow-brown; tegula yellow. Antenna dark brown. Pterostigma brown with conspicuous white spots on its proximal and distal corners (
Differs from other Korean species of the genus by the combination of head weakly rounded and very strongly tapered behind eyes in dorsal view (
Holotype female, South Korea, Gyeongbuk-do (GB), Cheongdo-gun, Gakbuk-myeon, Namsan-3ri,
South Korea.
Named after the Latin
Head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (
Head (including clypeus), mesosoma, and first tergite black; palpi brown; mandible fuscous basally and with reddish black teeth; tegula yellow. Antenna entirely black. Pterostigma brown with white spot on distal corner. Legs brown; hind leg with coxa and base of first trochanter strongly darkened with brown. Metasoma behind first tergite brownish black.
Differs from other Korean species of the genus
Holotype female, South Korea, Gyeongnam-do (GN), Sancheong-gun, Samjang-myeon, Yu Pyeongni, Wangdeungjae, 16.VI–20.IX.2008 (YUG).
South Korea.
Named after the Latin
All Korean species of
Subapical finger-shaped structures on outer side of subbasal flagellomeres were found and described for all Korean species of
We are thankful to Dr M.-L. Sheng for the loan of the additional specimen of