Corresponding author: István Mikó (
Academic editor: G. Broad
Our knowledge about gall wasps associated with the diverse East Asian oaks,
Tang C-T, Mikó I, Nicholls JA, Schwéger S, Yang M-M, Stone GN, Sinclair F, Bozsó M, Melika G, Pénzes Z (2016) New
Oak gallwasps (
Similarly to
Of the ten Eastern Palaearctic
In this study we double the number of
Galls were collected from
The type material is deposited in the following institutions: , , Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary , , U.S.
Bright field images of adults and galls were produced with a digital Leica DC500 camera attached to a Leica DM2700M compound microscope using the LAS Store&Recall software, followed by processing in Adobe Photoshop 6.0. High resolution plates are available from Figshare (
Anatomical terms were matched to concepts in the
Matrix-based descriptions were generated using mx ( Phenotypic Quality Ontology Biospatial Ontology Common Anatomy Reference Ontology
We represent natural language phenotypes in an Entity: Quality
The full data set, represented in
The phenotypic descriptors “glossy and matte” (
The phenotypic descriptor “smooth” refers to the sculpture quality of a cuticular region that lacks “leathery” microscultpure (
Species concepts of the present paper were also examined using genetic data. Part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt
A 433 base-pair fragment of the cyt
Pairwise genetic distances between 17
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0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
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0.09 | - | |||||||||||||||
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0.20 | 0.18 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||
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0.02 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||
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0.28 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||
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0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.00 | |||||||||||
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0.17 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
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0.21 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.02 | |||||||||
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0.19 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.01 | ||||||||
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0.09 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.00 | |||||||
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0.20 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.00 | ||||||
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0.18 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.01 | |||||
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0.15 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.00 | ||||
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0.17 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.00 | |||
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0.11 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.00 | ||
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0.17 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.00 | |
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0.11 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.00 |
Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight; Malar striae count: present; Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area; Malar area: alutaceous; Malar sulcus: absent; Impression around central ocellus: present; Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1.
Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep; Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum; Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth or delicately alutaceous; Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy; Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth; Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy; Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous; Scutellar foveae count: present; Foveal septum count: present or absent; Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid or quadrangular. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth; Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy; Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging; Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Speculum sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Lateral propodeal carinae count: present; Central propodeal area reflectivity: glabrous; Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present; Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally; Wings fully developed; Marginal cilia: long; R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin; Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin.
Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1; Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1; Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth; Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy; Distal end of ventral spine of hypopygium shape: acute or rounded distallyapically; Prominent part of ventral part of hypopygium length / width: < 3.5; ventral part of hypopygium seta length: short.
Most similar to
1 | Mesosoma orange-yellow, metasoma light brown, female head orange-yellow to light brown, male head orange-yellow to dark brown |
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– | Body dark brown to black, with some minute, light brown areas |
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2 | Notaulus posterior region width / notaulus anterior region width = 5 (not: Fig. |
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– | Notaulus anterior region width / notaulus posterior region width=1 (not: Fig. |
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3 | Basal lobe on metatarsal claw present |
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– | Basal lobe on metatarsal claw absent |
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4 | Number of flagellomeres (female): 12; eye height / malar distance = 2.6; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.70; radial cell length / radial cell width = 3.40 ; 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view ≥ 0.50; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 2.2 |
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– | Number of flagellomeres (female): 13 (Fig. |
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5 | Dense setae present on lateral mesopleural surface ventral to transepisternal line (tel: Fig. |
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– | Mesopleuron glabrous or few setae present along posteroventral margin of lateral mesopleural surface (Figs |
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6 | Striae marking transepisternal line extends ¾ of mesopleuron length (tel: Fig. |
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– | Striae marking transepisternal line absent (Fig. |
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7 | Speculum striate (spe: Fig. |
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– | Speculum without striae |
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8 | Female POL/OOL = 1.40 (Fig. |
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– | Female POL/OOL = 1.80 (Fig. |
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9 | Disc of mesoscutellum glossy and smooth at least in anterior half (dms: Figs |
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– | Disc of mesoscutellum entirely rugose, matt (dms: Fig. |
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10 | Mesopleuron and speculum matt, uniformly coriaceous, without striae |
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– | Mesopleuron glossy, smooth without striae (Fig. |
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11 | Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, without striae (Fig. |
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– | Mesopleuron with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (tel: Figs |
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12 | Second metasomal tergite with multiple setae laterally (Fig. |
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– | Second metasomal tergite without or few setae laterally (Fig. |
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13 | Scutellar foveae without longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. |
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– | Scutellar foveae with longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. |
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14 | Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 3.00; anterior pits of foveal septum present |
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– | Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 6.00–10.00; anterior pits on foveal septum absent (Fig. |
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15 | Disc of mesoscutellum with irregular rugae (dms: Fig. |
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– | Disc of mesoscutellum without irregular rugae (dms: Fig. |
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16 | Transverse pronotal sulcus not foveolate (tps: Fig. |
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– | Transverse pronotal sulcus foveolate (tps: Fig. |
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17 | Central propodeal area with 1–2 delicate longitudinal lateral rugae (cpa: Fig. |
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– | Central propodeal area with numerous irregular longitudinal and transverse lateral and medial rugae |
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18 | Speculum striate dorsally (spe: Fig. |
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– | Speculum without striae (spe: Figs |
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19 | Triangular mesopleural furrow present; frons, interocellar area, vertex glossy, smooth, if frons alutaceous than only in lateral part, along compound eye |
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– | Triangular mesopleural furrow absent; frons, interocellar area, vertex alutaceous or coriaceous (Figs |
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20 | Head width / head height >1; gena broadened behind eye, visible in frontal view along entire lateral eye margin (gen: Fig. |
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– | Head width / head height = 1; gena not or very slightly broadened behind eye, not visible in frontal view or only visible along ventral region of lateral eye margin (gen: Figs |
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21 | Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line present (pl, mml: Fig. |
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– | Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line absent (Fig. |
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HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, roadside near Meng Hai 2, ex
The female holotype and the male paratype are deposited in
Named after Prof. Chuck Cannon (Xishuangbanna Tropical
Sexual female: Head color: brown; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown to reddish brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum, and posterior half of metasoma, legs yellow.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.15. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.85. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.0. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.0. OOL / LOL: 2.10. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.20. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.10. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with some sub-parallel delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.70. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 1.0. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.25. F1 length / pedicel length: 2. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.76. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F4–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.2. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: present. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: absent. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular sulcus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae corresponding to transepisternal line extending 0.5 of mesopleural length, area dorsal to transepisternal line transversely striate. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: coriaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 2. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.4. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.20. Hypopygial setae apical end: not extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.30 mm (n=1).
Male: Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown. Eye size vs female eye size: Eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.40. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 2.2 mm (n=1).
Gall (Fig.
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from
China: Yunnan Province (Xishuangbanna).
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, entrance of Mt. Beichatian Trail, Fushing Township, 20.V.2011 (TWT476), ex
The female holotype and 1 female paratype are deposited in
The Latin “caput” means “head”, and “
In
In
Sexual female: Head color: brown; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum and posterior half of metasoma, legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.10. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: matt. Gena length / eye width: 0.40. Gena shape: not boradened posterior to eye, not visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.85. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.40. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.40. OOL / LOL: 1.45. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: >1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.10. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.25. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: convex. Clypeus sculpture: coriaceous. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: trapezoid. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with some sub-parallel delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 2.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: >1. F1 length / F2 length: 1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.75. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 1. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.15. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.07. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: 0.2. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): smooth anteromedially, rugose posteromedially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth anteriorly rugose posteriorly. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow, triangular. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth striae corresponding to transepisternal line extending to mesocoxal foramen, area dorsal to transepisternal line transversely striate. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: coriaceous with irregular rugae . Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.70. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.60 mm (n=2).
Male: unknown
Gall (Figs
Although only females were collected, the emergence of adults in May and the female morphology suggest that this is a sexual generation. Galls appear on young leaves of
Taiwan: Taoyuan and Taitung Counties.
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex clustered fluffy single-chambered leaf galls on
The female holotype, 20 female paratypes are deposited in
Named after the dense pilosity covering the gall surface. The Latin “
The central propodeal area has numerous distinct medial and lateral rugae in
Asexual female: Head color: reddish brown, except for dark brown to black postgena, occiput, vertex; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel, F1 and F2 yellow, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: black or dark brown, except for lighter tegula, propodeum, propleuron and mesopleuron, legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 4.54. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.60. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.36. OOL / LOL: 1.36. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 0.90. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.80. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.08. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: smooth. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: coriaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.60. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 0.8. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.4. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.9. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.1. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous medially, smooth laterally, with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: absent. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.5. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: 6–10. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: smooth. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 0.5. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with 1–2 delicate longitudinal lateral rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 5.3. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/2. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.20. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 1.80–2.10 mm (n=10).
Gall (Figs
The gall matures in late autumn, when the larval chambers drop off from the galls and the larvae overwinter in the leaf litter; adults emerge in the next spring suggesting that the asexual generation is described here. The sexual generation remains unknown. This species induces galls on
Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County; Jianshih Township, Hinschu County; Shishding Township, New Taipei City; Datung Township, Ilan County.
HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, tea plantation near Meng Hai, ex
The female holotype and 1 male paratype are deposited in
Named in honour of Ms Warin Harrison (Xishuangbanna Tropical
See the diagnosis for
Sexual female: Head color: dark brown, except for lighter clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except for lighter tegula and propodeum, legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.86. Head width / head height: 1.10. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.40. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar striae count: present. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.33. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.10. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.30. OOL / LOL: 1.70. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.16. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.20. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.25. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous in outer area, smooth in inner area. Postgena reflectivity: glossy medially. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.70. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.16. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.9. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.5. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.03. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: NOT CODED. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 1.7. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth except few short transverse anterior striae . Mesopleuron reflectivity: matt; glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: wrinkled. Speculum reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: smooth. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1.25. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae . Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.1. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.16. Hypopygial setae apical end: not extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 1.90–2.10 mm (n = 3).
Male: Similar to female. Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; antenna brown. Eye size vs female eye size: Eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED.Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.76. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: 1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: >1. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 1.9 mm (n=1).
Gall (Figs
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls are on young shoots of
China: Yunnan Province.
HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi ex
The female holotype, 4 female and 7 male paratypes are deposited in
Named in honour of Dr. Jack Hearn (Institute of Evolutionary Biology,
Most similar to
The body dark brown in males.
The notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width = 1 (Fig.
Sexual female: Head color: orange-yellow, except for darker mandibles, scape, pedicel, F1–F5 yellowish brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma orange-yellow, except for legs yellowish, except tibia and first tarsomere dark brown, metasoma dark brown.
Head sculpture: smooth, glossy. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.0. Head width / head height: 1.30. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: 1. Gena sculpture: smooth. Gena reflectivity: glossy. Gena length / eye width: 0.82. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.50. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: spherical. Lateral ocellus shape: ovate. POL / OOL: 0.84. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.60. OOL / LOL: 3.10. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: NOT CODED. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.37. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 2.00. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.40. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: dense. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: small, indistinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: smooth. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: smooth. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: smooth. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: smooth. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: smooth. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: NOT CODED. Posterior tentorial pit: large, deep, distinct. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: smooth. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: present. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 0.68. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.7. F1 length / F3 length: 1.00. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.63. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.26. Pronotum sculpture: smooth with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.2. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 0.25. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth, with transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd and with longitudinal paralell rugae between transverse carina and nucha. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 3.7. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 0.40. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.30. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.80–3.10mm (n = 5).
Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma orange-yellow; metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown to dark brown; inner margins of lateral ocelli dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 3.0. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.30. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.08. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 2.7–2.9 mm (n=5).
Gall (Fig.
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from young leaves of
China: Yunnan Province
The pairwise genetic distances from other
Holotype female: TAIWAN, Hualien Co., 152K , Central-Cross Island Highway, Xiulin township, ex twig swellings on
The holotype female, 2 female paratypes are deposited in
Named after Hualien County, Taiwan where the species was collected.
Asexual females of
In
Asexual female: Head color: black, except lighter clypeus, central part of lower face and area around toruli; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown to black, except for lighter tegula, propleuron, propodeum; legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.30. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.77. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.05. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.80. OOL / LOL: 1.90. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: >1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.20. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.40. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.50. Lower face sculpture: coriaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: dense. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: alutaceous. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: NOT CODED. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: NOT CODED. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with some sub-parallel delicate longitudinal wrinkles. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 0.75. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.6. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.6. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.16. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous medially, smooth laterally, with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: 1.00. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): smooth anteromedially, rugose posteromedially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 1.8. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: absent. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth except few short transverse anterior striae. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: smooth. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in its mid-height. . Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: present. Metanotal trough pilosity density: rare. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth with some striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: NOT CODED. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth, with two distinct submedial longitudinal rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: absent. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/2. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: NOT CODED. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.30–2.50 mm (n=6).
Gall (Figs
The gall maturation in late autumn and the emergence of adults in spring, suggests that the asexual generation is described here. The sexual generation remains unknown. The host-plant is
Taiwan: Hualien County, Xiulin Township.
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Guandou, western peak, Renai Township, ex
The female holotype, 2 female and 1 male paratypes are deposited in
In recognition of the continuous contribution of Dr. Konrad Lohse (Institute of Evolutionary Biology,
See diagnosis for
Sexual female: Head color: black to dark brown, clypeus lighter; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel and F1 light brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except lighter tegula; legs yellow.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.70. Head width / head height: 1.10. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.71. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.84. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.30. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.0. OOL / LOL: 1.60. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.0. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.05. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous except median elevated area coriaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: NOT CODED. Vertex reflectivity: NOT CODED. Vertex pilosity color: NOT CODED. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: NOT CODED. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with delicate rugae along oral foramen. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1. F1 length / pedicel length: 2.7. F1 length / F3 length: 1.00. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: F4>F5>F6>F7. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: 1.1. F8 length / F7 length: 1.4. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: F9 <F10 <F11. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.76. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F1–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.17. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: absent. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.2. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: 1.00. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): smooth medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: absent. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1.2. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly dorsally of its its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 0.8. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: lateral propodeal area alutaceous, with some piliferous punctures. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.75. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis at half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown proximally, lighter distally. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present laterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 2.10. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.10–2.30 mm (n=3).
Male: Similar to female. Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; antenna brown; scape, pedicel and F1 light brown; F2–F13 dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.48. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.13. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 1.5–1.7 mm (n=2).
Gall (Figs
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from late March through April on
Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County.
Some specimens reared from galls on
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex
The female holotype, 5 female and 3 male paratypes are deposited in
Named after Liying Mountain in Renai Township, Nantou Co., Taiwan, where it was first recorded.
Sexual female:
Head color: dark brown except for lighter lower face and clypeus, mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellow, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: dark brown, except for lighter tegula and propodeum, legs yellowish. Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 1.90. Head width / head height: 1.17. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous; alutaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.83. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.32. Inner margins of eyes: converging ventrally. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.06. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.10. OOL / LOL: 2.05. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.44. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 0.80. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.28. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: glossy. Clypeus shape anterior view: pentagonal. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: alutaceous, impressed above torulus. Frons pilosity density: glabrous. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: alutaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, elongated. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: NOT CODED. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: coriaceous medially. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: NOT CODED. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 0.82. F1 length / pedicel length: 2. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: 0.85. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 1.36. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.15.
Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.03. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: crenulate. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: 1.00. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): alutaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: smaller than one. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: smooth. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: absent. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.5. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: 6–10. Postacetabular suclus count: present. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: alutaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: rugose. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 0.9. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with longitudinal rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, strongly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: lateral propodeal area alutaceous. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.78. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown proximally, lighter distally. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 0.40. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: NOT CODED. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.10–2.20 mm (n=5).
Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma dark brown, with lighter lower face and mouth parts; metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.17. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 1.8–1.9 mm (n=5).
Gall (Fig.
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from late March to late April. Adults emerged from galls in the laboratory immediately after collection. Galls are on
Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County.
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Mt. Liying, Meifeng, Renai Township, ex
The female holotype, 9 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in
Named after the host plant,
Sexual female: Head color: Head black, except for light brown clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel, F1–F4 light brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma black, except for lighter tegula; metasoma dark brown; legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: rounded. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.94. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.0. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.20. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.45. OOL / LOL: 1.97. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.30. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.72. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: 0.4. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.25. Lower face sculpture: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: NOT CODED. Clypeus sculpture: NOT CODED. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: matt. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: small, indistinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: alutaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: alutaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: alutaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: alutaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: smooth. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: longer than wide. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 1.08. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.1. F1 length / pedicel length: 2.1. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F2–F8 progressively shorter. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: 1.30. F10 length / F9 length: >1. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: 1.00. F12 length / F11 length: 0.9. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F3–F13.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.14. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: foevolate. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.35. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: smooth. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: triangular. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/4th. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.25. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: coriaceous, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: matt. Mesopleuron pilosity: dense setae present just ventral to transepisternal line. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture slightly ventrally of its mid-height. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose . Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 4.5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: present. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: blunt.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: glossy. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: NOT CODED. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.30. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.60–2.80 mm (n=5).
Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown, antenna light brown to dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: large, distinct. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 0.94. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.2. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 2.6–2.8 mm (n=4).
Gall (Figs
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls are induced on young shoots on
Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County.
HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Foufang quarry, ex
The female holotype is deposited in
Named after the shape of the gall, which has four petiole-like ridges.
In
Sexual female: Head color: Head black, except for lighter clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish brown; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma black, except for lighter tegula; metasoma dark brown; legs yellowish. Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.10. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: matt. Gena length / eye width: 0.50. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.33. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.50. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.80. OOL / LOL: 1.40. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: >1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.10. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.80. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.20. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: NOT CODED. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous with irregular rugae between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: NOT CODED. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous with few delicate rugae medially. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: dense. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.40. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.18. F1 length / pedicel length: 2.25. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 2. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.2. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present anteriorly. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: present. Parapsidal line distinctness: indistinct. Anteroadmedian line: present. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: 0.25. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: absent. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 1.7. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: dense setae present just ventral to transepisternal line. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: coriaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1.27. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper 1/4 of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 2. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with irregular rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: dense. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 3.7. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: NOT CODED. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.45 mm (n=2).
Male: Unknown.
Gall (Fig.
Based on the morphology, gall maturation and emergence period of adults, the described females represent the sexual generation. Galls are in buds on
China: Yunnan Province (Lan Cang County).
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taichung City, 104.5 K, Central Cross Island Highway, Heping Dist., ex monolocular bud gall on
The holotype female, 1 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in
The species is named after the host plant,
Sexual female: Head color: black or dark brown, except for lighter clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel yellowish or light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma dark brown to black, except for lighter tegula; metasoma dark brown; legs uniformly brown.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.20. Head width / head height: 1.25. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: coriaceous. Gena reflectivity: matt. Gena length / eye width: 0.40. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.85. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.10. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.0. OOL / LOL: 2.0. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: >1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.25. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.70. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.50. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: white. Lower face pilosity density: rare. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: glossy. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: large, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: matt. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: coriaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: coriaceous. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: coriaceous. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: coriaceous. Postocciput reflectivity: matt. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: present. Posterior tentorial pit: distinct, ovate, deep. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: present. Postgena sculpture: alutaceous. Postgena reflectivity: glossy medially. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 13. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: 1.30. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: NOT CODED. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.75. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11>F12. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F13 length / F12 length: 1. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.2. Pronotum sculpture: alutaceous with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present anteriorly. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.1. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: NOT CODED. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: NOT CODED. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 1.7. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: coriaceous, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: matt. Mesopleuron pilosity: few setae present along margin of lateral mesopleural face. Speculum sculpture: coriaceous. Speculum reflectivity: matt. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: coriaceous. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: NOT CODED. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: alutaceous with few rugae. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: >1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: coriaceous with few irregular rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, lyre-shaped. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: smooth with transverse rugae. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 3.6. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED. Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1.
Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/3. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, micropunctate. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.40. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.30 mm (n=1).
Male: Color: Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown; antenna brown; legs yellowish brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.40. Male diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.3. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.2. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F13. Body length: 2.1 mm (n=1).
Gall (Figs
Only the sexual generation is known. Mature galls were collected in March and adults emerged from the galls under laboratory conditions in early April. This species induces galls on
Taiwan: Heping District, Taichung City, and Renai Township, Nantou County. The distribution of
HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex
The holotype female, 6 female paratypes are deposited in
Named after Taitung County, Taiwan.
Asexual female: Head color: black, except for mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel and F1 dark brown, F2–F12 darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: black, except for lighter tegula; legs yellowish.
Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: NOT CODED. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: alutaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.28. Gena shape: not boradened posterior to eye, not visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.33. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.60. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.58. OOL / LOL: 1.37. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.00. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.40. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.47. Lower face sculpture: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: convex. Clypeus sculpture: coriaceous. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: present. Clypeus pilosity density: dense. Clypeus pilosity color: white. Anterior tentorial pit: small, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous with transverse striae dorsal to toruli. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: alutaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: alutaceous. Vertex pilosity density: NOT CODED. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: alutaceous. Occiput pilosity density: NOT CODED. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: NOT CODED. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: absent. Postocciput pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postocciput pilosity color: NOT CODED. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: NOT CODED. Posterior tentorial pit: small, distinct. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: smooth with delicate rugae medially. Postgena reflectivity: glossy medially. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: dense. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: longer than wide. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 0.83. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: NOT CODED. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.7. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4–F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9–F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.67. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2–F12.
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.17. Pronotum sculpture: NOT CODED. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: NOT CODED. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.14. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: triangular. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: dense. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.75. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: present. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: few setae present along margin of lateral mesopleural face. Speculum sculpture: striate dorsally. Speculum reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: coriaceous. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 2.8. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with longitudinal rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis at half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/2. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present laterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: matt. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3–6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3–6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3–6 pilosity: NOT CODED. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 3.10. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.
Body length: 2.20–2.40 mm (n=5).
Gall (Figs
The period of the gall maturation, the absence of males, and the adult morphology suggest that the asexual generation is described here. Mature galls were found in January and adults emerged under laboratory conditions in March and April in the next spring.
Taiwan: Taitung County, Beinan Township.
East Asia harbours more than 70 species of the
Eastern Palaearctic
Host species | Life cycle | Distribution | |
---|---|---|---|
|
sexual | China | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
sexual | Taiwan | ||
|
sexual | China | |
sexual | China | ||
|
asexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
sexual | Taiwan | ||
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
unknown | sexual | China | |
unknown | sexual | Vietnam | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | China | |
|
sexual | Japan | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | Japan | |
|
asexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
|
sexual | Taiwan | |
asexual | Holarctic | ||
|
sexual | China |
While
Most oak gallwasps are cyclically parthenogenetic, with obligate alternation between a sexual and an asexual (unisexual) generation. Males and females of the sexual generation usually occur at the same time as the flush of new growth on host plants in the spring, while the parthenogenetic females of the asexual generation occur in the winter (
The above mentioned uncertainties about the distribution, host association and biology of Eastern Palaearctic
Fieldwork was supported by grants from the Davies Expedition Fund, the Weir fund for field studies, the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), the Royal Entomological Society, the Gilchrist Educational Trust, and the James Rennie Bequest, awarded to the Asian Gallwasp Project, and a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Grant No. NSC 100-2313-B-005-010) to MM Yang and CT Tang. GNS and JAN were supported by NERC grants NE/H000038/1 and NE/E014453/1. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (DBI-1356381) and by the Phenotype Research Coordination Network (NSF DEB-0956049). We are grateful to the Forestry Bureau and Council of Agriculture in Taiwan for the issued permission to collect samples, and to the NERC Genepool facility for sequencing support. We are also grateful for the help of people from Xishuangbanna Tropical
URI table (Seltmann et al. 2013) containing anatomical terms, definitions and uniform resource identifiers of
PDF file
URI table (
Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (
PDF file
Semantic statements of natural language phenotypes composed in Protégé 5.0 (