Short Communication |
Corresponding author: Daniele R. Parizotto ( dparizotto@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Jack Neff
© 2015 Daniele R. Parizotto, Gabriel A.R. Melo.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Parizotto DR, Melo GAR (2015) Nests of bees of the anthidiine genus Ananthidium Urban (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Megachilinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 47: 115-122. https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.47.6805
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We present data on nests of the two species of the neotropical bee genus Ananthidium Urban (Megachilinae, Anthidiini). Five nests of Ananthidium dilmae Urban, a species from southern and southeastern Brazil, were found in grassland areas at the Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, in Paraná State. The aerial nests were made of resin mixed with plant fibers and each contained one or two cells. One female and one male emerged from two of the nests. Notes on the nest of Ananthidium inerme (Friese), a species known from Argentina and Paraguay, are provided based on two nests deposited in Berlin’s Museum für Naturkunde, Germany. This species also builds aerial resin nests attached to plant stems, with external shape and dimensions similar to those of Ananthidium dilmae.
Anthidiini , biology, neotropical, resin, solitary bee
Most species of Anthidiini are solitary, with females building their nests exposed, in hollows of trees, in cavities abandoned by other insects, or in the soil, such as those constructed by Trachusa Panzer and Paranthidium Cockerell & Cockerell (
Ananthidium Urban is a neotropical genus with two species, Ananthidium inerme (Friese, 1908) and Ananthidium dilmae Urban, 1992. The first species is known from Argentina and Paraguay while the second is known only from southern and southeastern Brazil. This small group was given genus status by
A total of five nests were collected in the Vila Velha State Park, a reserve in the municipality of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Vila Velha contains sandstone formations of significant scientific, cultural and ecological value, located in southern Brazil (25°15'S; 50°00'W) within a broader region known as Campos Gerais (
Nests of Ananthidium dilmae. 1 Nest on a branch of Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae), found in the Vila Velha State Park, in southern Brazil (nest 1) 2 Close up view of the two-celled nest in the field 3, 4 Close up views of nest 5 under the stereomicroscope using different lighting to show plant fibers mixed with resin; the tip of the metasoma of the male completely emerged in Fig. 4 can be seen in Fig. 3 exiting through the cell entrance.
Nests consisted of one or two oval-shaped brood cells attached to the branches along its longest axis, with the circular cell openings facing downward (Fig.
Measurements (in millimeters) of the main structures of the nests of Ananthidium dilmae collected at Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil and Ananthidium inerme collected in Mendoza, Argentina.
Nest | Number of cells | Branch diameter | Cell length | Cell width | Cell wall thickness | Diameter of cell opening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ananthidium dilmae | ||||||
1 | 2 | 2.4 | 11.6 /12.5 | 5.4/ 5.0 | 1.1 | 4.5/4.0 |
2 | 2 | 1.1 | 13.1/12.6 | 6.4/6.5 | 1.1 | 3.2/3.6 |
3 | 2 | 3.0 | 14.3/ 15.7 | 6.8/6.0 | 1.2/1.1 | 3.0/3.5 |
4 | 1 | 2.0 | 13.4 | 5.9 | 1.2 | 4.5 |
5 | 1 | 7.9 | 13.3 | 6.1 | 1.2 | 4.0 |
Ananthidum inerme | ||||||
1 | 1 | 3.0 | 11.0 | 4.8 | - |
3.5 |
2 | 1 | 3.3 | 9.0 | 5.0 (4.5) | 0.5–0.7 | 3.5 |
The first nest had two closed cells from which a female of Ananthidium dilmae emerged; the second and third nests were empty with their brood cells open; the single-celled fourth nest was opened and only a damaged Diptera puparium was found inside the cell; a male of Ananthidium dilmae emerged from the fifth nest (Figs
Two nests of this species (Fig.
The shape and size of these nests are comparable to those of Ananthidium dilmae (Table
Nest 1 is entirely closed (Fig.
These two nests might represent some of the nests upon which
The females of Ananthidium possess short, robust mandibles, presumably adapted for the manipulation of resin and plant particles. Considering that Ananthidium has been recovered as sister group of the clade containing Allanthidium Moure, Anthidianum Michener, Chrisanthidium Urban and Notanthidium Isensee (
On the other hand, the available data for Notanthidium steloides (Spinola, 1851), the single species in the genus, indicate that it uses pre-existing cavities [wood galleries made by beetles and bamboo hollows; see
We thank anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions on this manuscript. GARM thanks Rodrigo Gonçalves for his collaboration in the field studies conducted in the Parque Estadual de Vila Velha. Frank Koch and Michael Ohl are thanked for their kind help and support during studies conducted by the second author in the bee collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Financial support has been received by grants from CNPq.