Graph of identified Chalcidoidea families along the fossil record. Points are singleton taxa known only within the fossil record from one time period, whereas those with a fossil record extending multiple ages are shown as a line through the ages in which they are represented. Alternating gray and white bands represent geological eras. Extinct families are denoted by †. Bouceklytinae and Distylopinae are noted with an asterisk (*) because their familial placement is uncertain. Taxa in red correspond to the “soft-bodied” clade (Soft-bodied), while taxa in blue correspond to the “hard-bodied” (Hard-bodied) lineages based on Cruaud et al. (2023). Data sourced from PaleoDB. Family names adopted from Burks et al. (2022) and Gibson and Fusu (2023).