6urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:DE333E49-E4EE-5693-9BEF-D446E6301C98urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:55528528-5C97-4D79-A718-8B3D153B37CCJournal of Hymenoptera ResearchJHR1070-94281314-2607Pensoft Publishers10.3897/jhr.56.1077410774CataloguePlatygastroideaBioinformaticsSystematicsWorldAn online photographic catalog of primary types of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionTalamasElijah J.billy.jenkins@GMAIL.COMhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-63451ThompsonJoseph1CutlerAmy1Fitzsimmons SchoenbergerSamantha1CuminaleAnthony1JungTrenton1JohnsonNorman F.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-51872ValerioAlejandro A.2SmithAshton B.1HaltermannVictoria1AlvarezElizabeth12SchwantesCollin1BlewerCatherine1BodenreiderColine1SalzbergAnnika1LuoPei1MeislinDebra1BuffingtonMatthew L.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-38611Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A.National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S.A.Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, U.S.A.
Corresponding author: Elijah J. Talamas (talamas.1@osu.edu)
Academic editor: G. Broad
20172106201756187224FF82CD2C-FFF0-AB65-424D-FFEAD2637D561E4A3FC4-B647-47B3-85A8-354034B31D7E11386771110201611012017Elijah J. Talamas, Joseph Thompson, Amy Cutler, Samantha Fitzsimmons Schoenberger, Anthony Cuminale, Trenton Jung, Norman F. Johnson, Alejandro A. Valerio, Ashton B. Smith, Victoria Haltermann, Elizabeth Alvarez, Collin Schwantes, Catherine Blewer, Coline Bodenreider, Annika Salzberg, Pei Luo, Debra Meislin, Matthew L. BuffingtonThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/1E4A3FC4-B647-47B3-85A8-354034B31D7E
A photographic catalog of primary types of Platygastroidea housed in the National Insect Collection, National Museum of Natural History, is here made available online at the image database at The Ohio State University (specimage.osu.edu). Following examination of this collection we enact the following taxonomic changes: Leptacispiniella MacGown syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Leptacispinicola MacGown; Sacespalusindicus Mani is transferred to Platygaster Latreille; Platygasterindica Mukerjee is given the replacement name Platygasterchaos Talamas, n. n.; Synopeasrugiceps (Ashmead), comb. n. is transferred from Leptacis Förster; Axeaatriclava (Kieffer), comb. n. is transferred from Psilanteris Kieffer; Chakrapachmarhica (Sharma), comb. n. is transferred from Paridris Kieffer; Paridrisdubeyi Sharma, syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Chakrapachmarhica; Holoteleiaindica (Mani) is transferred to Opisthacantha Ashmead and given a replacement name, Opisthacanthanomados Talamas, n. n.; Psilanterisnigriclavata (Ashmead), comb. n. is transferred from Anteris Förster; Probaryconusgrenadensis (Ashmead), comb. n. is transferred from Monoteleia Kieffer; Monoteleiasyn.n. is treated as a junior synonym of Probaryconus Kieffer; Paridriskarnatakensis Sharma, syn. n is treated as a junior synonym of Probaryconuscauverycus Saraswat; Probaryconuspunctatus (Ashmead), comb. n. is transferred from Oxyteleia Kieffer; Triteleiabengalensis (Saraswat), comb. n. is transferred from Alloteleia Kieffer; Trimorusvarius Fouts, syn. n. and Trimoruspulchricornis Fouts, syn. n. are treated as junior synonyms of Trimorusannulicornis (Ashmead); Neotypes are designated for Gryonleptocorisae (Howard), Idrisseminiger (Ashmead), Telenomusgraptae Howard, Telenomuspersimilis Ashmead, and Telenomusrileyi Howard; lectotypes are designated for Cremastobaeusbicolor Ashmead, Oethecoctonusinsularis (Ashmead), Oethecoctonuslaticinctus (Ashmead) and Probaryconuspunctatus (Ashmead).
TaxonomyScelionidaePlatygastridaeCitation
Talamas EJ, Thompson J, Cutler A, Fitzsimmons Schoenberger S, Cuminale A, Jung T, Johnson NF, Valerio AA, Smith AB, Haltermann V, Alvarez E, Schwantes C, Blewer C, Bodenreider C, Salzberg A, Luo P, Meislin D, Buffington ML (2017) An online photographic catalog of primary types of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. In: Talamas EJ, Buffington ML (Eds) Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 56: 3–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.56.10774
Introduction
Stability in taxonomic name usage derives from the objectivity provided by primary type specimens. The National Insect Collection, housed in the National Museum of Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, presently houses 728 primary types of Platygastroidea, and an additional eight species are represented by syntypes. The past decade has seen huge advancements in the amount of data that can be disseminated electronically, but also has seen a continuation of species descriptions that do not include examination of primary types. Our intention is to make high quality images of primary types easily accessible to facilitate proper recognition and to contribute to a functional classification of Platygastroidea. We also hope that our effort to making holotype images available online will encourage others to do the same.
In addition to imaging primary types, we photographed a large number of determined species in the National Insect Collection, focusing on paratypes when possible and when needed to supplement images of primary types. For specimens without indication of a determiner, we make no guarantees about their accuraccy, and these should be considered as simply a digital representation of the collection, and not necessarily a basis for making taxonomic decisions. The determiner of each specimen, when these data were available, are indicated in the specimen records.
Authorship
This project would not have been possible in the time frame allotted without the contribution of many participants in the Smithsonian Internship Program. Because this publication is a photographic catalog, all contributors are included as authors according to the number of primary types photographed. Non-photographic contributions are as follows: specimen databasing: EJT, NFJ, AAV; intern training: EJT; taxonomy: EJT; manuscript preparation: EJT, NFJ, AAV, MLB; database development and maintenance: NFJ; project oversight: EJT, MLB.
In some cases, primary types were photographed and made publicly available during the course of the Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory. These types were given identifiers in the format “USNM ” or “USNM Type No. ”, which we maintain as alternative identifiers in addition to “USNMENT” collecting unit identifiers. We reference the publications in which these images were made available in Suppl. material 1.
Materials and methods
The list of primary types is presented in Suppl. material 1 and contains paratype or paralectotype specimens that were photographed to supplement images of incomplete primary types. Photographs are available for many determined species of Platygastroidea housed in USNM. A list of these species and specimens is presented in Suppl. material 2.
The numbers prefixed with “USNMENT” or “OSUC ” are unique collecting unit identifiers (CUIDs) for the individual specimens (note the blank space after some acronyms). Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link, purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form. Persistent URIs for each taxonomic concept were minted by xBio:D in accordance with best practices recommend by Hagedorn et al. (2013). Taxonomic synopses were generated by the Hymenoptera Online Database (hol.osu.edu).
Photographs were captured with a Z16 Leica lens with a JVC KY-F75U digital camera using Cartograph or Automontage software, or a Leica DMRB compound microscope with a GT-Vision Lw11057C-SCI digital camera attached. In both systems, lighting was achieved using techniques summarized in Buffington et al. (2005), Kerr et al. (2009) and Buffington and Gates (2009). Single montage images were produced from image stacks with the either Automontage or CombineZP. In some cases, multiple montage images were stitched together in Photoshop CS4 to produce larger images at high resolution and magnification.
Full resolution images are archived at the image database at The Ohio State University (specimage.osu.edu) which is searchable by taxon name and CUID.
TaxonomyAnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeA601537D-98A4-5FA6-90EC-BD3348AA5DE1Leptacispinicolahttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/11677MacGownFigures 1–6LeptacispinicolaMacGown, 1979: 24, 101 (original description. Keyed).LeptacispiniellaMacGown, syn. n., 1979: 24, 104 (original description. Keyed).Link to distribution map.
Holotype of L.pinicola, female: UNITED STATES: VA, Fairfax Co., Vienna, 20.XI.1941, J. C. Bridwell, USNMENT01059099 (deposited in USNM). Holotype of L.piniella, female: UNITED STATES: CO, Jefferson Co., Evergreen, 30.VIII.1937, USNMENT01059210 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
The treatment of L.pinicola and L.piniella as different species is perplexing, given that they were described in the same publication. The key to species in McGown (1979) separated them on the basis of the scape “long and slim” versus “stouter, not noticeably long and slim”. Our examination reveals that the shapes of the scape in these species are essentially identical (Figures 3, 5)
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeF93FFD61-376A-53B5-9D9F-CAA6436104F9Platygasterindicahttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/12100(Mani)comb. n.Figures 7–8SacepalusindicusMani, 1975: 75 (original description, spelling error).SacespalusindicusMani: Mani and Sharma 1982: 213 (description); Vlug 1995: 74 (cataloged, type information); Buhl 2009: 901 (keyed).Link to distribution map.
This species clearly does not belong in Sacespalus Kieffer (Figures 9–11): it has distinct felt fields on S2, A2 is not lamellate, and it lacks the robustly crenulate orbit of the compound eye. Despite the flattened state of the specimen, the characters of this specimen are surprisingly accessible.
Sacespalus9 female (OSUC 334129), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 10 female (OSUC 334129), head, anterior view 11 female (OSUC 240805), head and mesosoma, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/138193AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae1ED26E54-CEDC-5548-837F-A4C3FD34EE21Platygasterchaoshttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/11875Talamasn. n.PlatygasterindicusMukerjee, 1978: 88 (original description); Mani and Sharma 1982: 212 (description); Vlug 1995: 55 (cataloged, type information); Ushakumari 2004: 590 (keyed); Buhl 2008: 552 (keyed).Link to distribution map.
[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=11875]
Material examined.
Holotype, female, P.indicus: INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Kullu Valley, Naggar, 18.VI.1972, Mani, USNMENT01109854 (deposited in USNM).
Replacement name.
The transfer of SacespalusindicusMani (1975) into Platygaster creates a homonym with Platygasterindica Mukerjee (1978). The former species name has priority and thus we provide a replacement name, “chaos”, for Platygasterindica, reflecting the present taxonomic state of Platygaster.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae6C63519A-85CE-55E2-8122-CE358234B7C6Synopeasrugicepshttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/11685(Ashmead)Figures 12–15AmblyaspisrugicepsAshmead, 1893: 267, 269 (original description. Keyed).Leptacisrugiceps(Ashmead): Fouts 1924: 117, 122 (description, generic transfer, lectotype designation, keyed); Kieffer 1926: 637, 643 (description, keyed); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 82 (type information); Vlug 1995: 38 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
Lectotype, male, A.rugiceps: UNITED STATES: Washington, 23-VI, USNMENT00979264 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
The absence of a long fringe of setae on the posterior margin of the fore wing and the fusion of T1 and T2 place this species in Synopeas Förster, not Leptacis Förster. Fouts described numerous species in Leptacis that were later transferred to Synopeas (Masner, in Krombein and Burks 1967), and his transfer of this species from Amblyaspis Förster into Synopeas reflects his concepts of these genera.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae480E4655-4DC6-5345-A81C-94974381E2DDAxeaatriclavahttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/5135(Kieffer)comb. n.Figures 16–21PsilanterisatriclavaKieffer, 1916: 177 (original description. Keyed); Kieffer 1926: 433, 434 (description, keyed); Dodd 1931: 77 (description, position uncertain); Baltazar 1966: 182 (cataloged, distribution); Masner 1976: 51 (description, excluded from Psilanteris, type information); Johnson 1992: 468 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
Holotype, female: PHILIPPINES: Laguna Prov., Luzon Isl., Mount Makiling, no date, Baker, USNMENT01059257 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
Masner (1976) stated that this species did not belong in Psilanteris and suggested that it belonged in an undescribed genus. This has proven to be the case, as the genus into which we transfer this species was described by Masner and Johnson (Yoder et al. 2009). Axeaatriclava does not match any of the species described in Yoder et al. (2009) and is a new species for the genus.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae349CC80F-EBC0-5531-AC68-3047ADBB83CDChakrapachmarhicahttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/313332(Sharma)comb. n.Figures 22–25, 26–29ProbaryconuspachmarhicusSharma, 1978: 24 (original description).ParidrisdubeyiSharma, syn. n., 1982: 336 (original description); Johnson 1992: 459 (cataloged); Rajmohana 2007: 57 (keyed).Paridrispachmarhicus(Sharma): Mani and Sharma 1982: 178 (description); Johnson 1992: 460 (cataloged); Rajmohana 2007: 57 (keyed).Paridrispachmarhica(Sharma): Talamas et al. 2012: 32 (gender emended).Link to distribution map.
Chakrapachmarhicus. 26 male holotype of Paridrisdubeyi Sharma (USNMENT01197116), head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view 27 male holotype of Paridrisdubeyi Sharma (USNMENT01197116), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 28 male (USNMENT01109626), mesosoma, lateral view 29 male holotype of Paridrisdubeyi Sharma (USNMENT01197116), head, anterior view. Scale bars in millimeters.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/138197Comments.
Paridrisdubeyi and Probaryconuspachmarhicus, despite that they are conspecific, were placed in separate genera by Sharma (1972, 1982). The concept of Probaryconus, at least since Masner (1976), excludes species with a metascutellum that projects posteriorly (“armed”), and includes species that have spines or protrusions on the propodeum. Chakrapachmarhica matches neither of these character states. Paridris is a more polymorphic genus that was recently diagnosed by Talamas et al. (2011) and does not include species with an epomial carina. Until now, Chakra has been a monotypic genus, and the metascutellum of C.sarvatra Rajmohana & Veenakumari has a metascutellum with a single spine. We here expand the concept of Chakra to include species with two or three metascutellar spines. The salient characters of Chakra, as mentioned by Rajmohana and Veenakumari (2014), are the diagnostic form of sculpture on the head, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum; the postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein, and Scelio-type ovipositor. The limits of Chakra with respect to Trissoscelio (presently a junior synonym of Opisthacantha) are unclear. The presence of an epomial carina in Chakra holds promise as a diagnostic character, but this character exhibits a significant degree of variation among the undescribed African species of Chakra. A species of Chakra from Southeast Asia has a trispinose metascutellum (Figure 31) and the length of these spines exhibits a great deal of size related variation. Consequently, Chakra is a genus with a hypervariable metascutellum and this structure is of only modest use for identifying the genus. We think it is noteworthy that all of the species of Chakra that we have examined have the metapleural and paracoxal sulci well-defined and separate in the dorsal half of the metapleuron (Figures 32–33) and, at the moment, this serves as a useful diagnostic character for the genus.
30Chakra sp., male (OSUC 170290), head and mesosoma, dorsal view 31Chakra sp., female (OSUC 261908), head and mesosoma, dorsal view 32Chakra sp., male (OSUC 170291), head and mesosoma, lateral view 33Chakra sp., female (OSUC 261908), head and mesosoma, lateral view 34Chakra sp., male (OSUC 170291), head and pronotum, anterolateral view 35Chakra sp., female (OSUC 261908), head and mesosoma, anterolateral view. Scalebars in millimeters.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/138198Diagnosis of Chakra.
Scelio-type ovipositor; propodeum coarsely rugose; epomial carina present; head, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum punctate with interstitial micrcosculpture; malar striae present; facial striae present; occipital carina complete; lines of sculpture extending around interantennal process; clypeus divided dorsoventrally by transverse furrow.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeCA24C243-5626-5B14-B62B-84D9C63C38C8Cremastobaeusbicolorhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4225AshmeadCremastobaeusbicolorAshmead, 1893: 229 (original description); Ashmead 1894: 228 (redescribed as new, keyed); Kieffer 1926: 354 (description, keyed); Johnson 1992: 365 (cataloged).Link to distribution map.
[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=4225]
Lectotype designation.
We here designate specimen USNMENT01223775 as the lectotype female of Cremastobaeusbicolor: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, (deposited in USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeA48CFF8D-4149-5286-8922-B695A29E3A34Gryonleptocorisaehttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4416(Howard)Figures 36–39HadronotusleptocorisaeHoward, 1885: 215 (original description); Ashmead 1893: 230, 231 (description, keyed); Brues 1910: 47 (keyed); Kieffer 1926: 454, 462 (description, keyed).HadronotushungaricusSzabó, 1966: 430, 433 (original description. Keyed. Preoccupied by Hadronotellus hungaricus Szabó (1966) and Pannongryon hungaricum Szabó (1966). Synonymized by Mineo (1980)); Johnson 1992: 386 (type information).Gryonleptocorisae(Howard): Muesebeck and Masner 1967: 299 (generic transfer); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 36 (lectotype designation); Mineo 1980: 197 (synonymy); Mineo 1981: 119, 132 (variation, keyed); Masner 1983: 154 (description); Mineo 1990: 52 (assigned to leptocorisae species group); Johnson 1992: 386 (cataloged, type information); Mineo and Caleca 1994: 122 (distribution); Kononova and Kozlov 2008: 326, 370 (description, keyed).GryonreduviophagusKozlov, 1971: 48 (original description. Synonymized by Mineo (1979)); Viggiani and Mineo 1974: 154, 160 (diagnosis, keyed); Kozlov 1978: 620 (description); Mineo 1979: 257 (junior synonym of Gryonhungaricus (Szabó)); Kozlov and Kononova 1989: 79 (keyed); Kozlov and Kononova 1990: 267, 285 (description, keyed); Johnson 1992: 387 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 1995: 84 (keyed); Kononova and Petrov 2002: 54 (keyed).GryonhungaricusSzabó: Mineo 1979: 251 (variation).Link to distribution map.
The lectotype specimen is essentially lost, as only a few legs remain glued to the point (Figure 36). We here designate paralectotype specimen (USNMENT00989860) as the neotype for Gryonleptocorisae. This specimen was reared from the same egg mass as the lectotype and has identical collection data.
Material examined.
Lectotype, female, H.leptocorisae: UNITED STATES: FL, Putnam Co., Crescent City, no date, reared from egg, H. G. Hubbard, USNMENT00989859 (deposited in USNM). Neotype, female, H.leptocorisae: UNITED STATES: FL, Putnam Co., Crescent City, no date USNMENT00989860 (deposited in USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae0D13917C-4CA4-5FF9-A40C-CD0E06C1639BIdrisseminigerhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/9176(Ashmead)Figures 40–41AcoloidesseminigerAshmead, 1893: 170, 173 (original description. Keyed. Synonymized by Huggert (1979)); Harrington 1900: 184 (type information); Kieffer 1926: 166, 168 (description, keyed); Johnson 1992: 416 (type information).Idrisseminiger(Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 39 (lectotype designation); Huggert 1979: 6 (junior synonym of Idrissubapterus (Ashmead)).Link to distribution map.
The lectotype designated by Masner and Muesebeck (1968) is lost. We here designate the paralectotype female (USNMENT01109324), which has label data identical to that of the previous lectotype, to be the neotype of Acoloidesseminiger.
Material examined.
Neotype female, Acoloidesseminiger: CANADA: Ontario, Ottawa, no date, W. H. Harrington USNMENT01109324 (deposited in USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae1D1C1BB7-D9E6-5055-BC51-D1B2501F69F5Oethecoctonusinsularishttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4952(Ashmead)CacusinsularisAshmead, 1894: 226, 227 (original description. Keyed); Ashmead 1900: 243, 328 (distribution).Cacellusinsularis(Ashmead): Kieffer 1908: 120 (generic transfer); Kieffer 1926: 414 (description, keyed).Oethecoctonusinsularis(Ashmead): Johnson 1992: 444 (cataloged).Link to distribution map.
http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=4952
Lectotype designation.
We here designate specimen USNMENT01109356 as the lectotype female of Oethecoctonusinsularis: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, (deposited in USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae6560B21F-998A-5FDD-A287-4A26B34B1C57Oethecoctonuslaticinctushttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4953(Ashmead)CacuslaticinctusAshmead, 1894: 226, 227 (original description. Keyed); Ashmead 1900: 328 (distribution).Cacelluslaticinctus(Ashmead): Kieffer, 1908: 120 (generic transfer); Kieffer 1926: 414, 415 (description, keyed).Oethecoctonuslaticinctus(Ashmead): Masner, 1965: 85 (type information); Johnson 1992: 444 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=4953
Lectotype designation.
We here designate specimen USNMENT01109358 as the lectotype female of Oethecoctonuslaticinctus: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, USNMENT01109358 (deposited in USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae707214F7-2559-51A9-AAAE-17AD3D280A4DOpisthacanthanomadoshttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4550Talamasn. n.Figures 42–45Baryconus (Holoteleia) indicaMani, 1975: 73 (original description).Holoteleiaindica(Mani): Mani and Sharma 1982: 181 (description, generic transfer); Johnson 1992: 401 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
Mani (1975) described Opisthacanthaindica in the same paper in which Baryconus (Holoteleia) indica was originally described. We resolve this homonymy by proposing a replacement name for the latter. We selected the epithet, “nomados”, which is Greek for “wanderer” for this species as it roams from one genus to another. The names is treated as a noun in apposition.
Comments.
Malar and facial striae are present in the holotype specimen of O.nomados, both of which exclude this species from Holoteleia in the concept of this genus presented by Masner (1980), Masner (1994) and Talamas and Buffington (2015). The placement of Baryconusindica by Mani and Sharma (1982) in Holoteleia is also inconsistent with the concept of the genus presented by Mani and Sharma (1982), which stated that the genus has a “metanotum narrow, medially without lamina or lamella”. Examination of the holotype reveals that the metascutellum forms a large posteriorly projecting plate (Figure 43), consistent with the form found in Opisthacantha (Trissoscelio) nigriceps Kieffer. Trissoscelio Kieffer is currently treated as a junior synonym of Opisthacantha Ashmead, but changes to the classification of the genera presently treated as Opisthacantha are likely to occur when this complex is reanalyzed. We note that O.nomados should follow Opisthacantha (Trissoscelio) nigriceps in the event of such change.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae80282226-3ECB-50A5-9037-81544C8B8147Probaryconushttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/544KiefferBaryconus (Probaryconus)Kieffer, 1908: 118, 165, 168 (original description. Type: Baryconus (Probaryconus) spinosus Kieffer, by monotypy. Keyed); Kieffer 1910: 64, 84 (description, list of species, keyed).ProcacusKieffer, 1910: 319 (original description. Type: Procacusstriatigena Kieffer, by monotypy. Synonymized by Masner (1976)); Kieffer 1910: 64, 77 (description, list of species, keyed); Kieffer 1913: 228 (description); Kieffer 1926: 269, 415 (key to subgenera, keyed); Nixon 1931: 356 (keyed); Nixon 1933: 292 (keyed); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 388 (citation of type species); Baltazar 1966: 180 (cataloged, catalog of species of the Philippines); Masner 1976: 33 (junior synonym of Probaryconus Kieffer); De Santis 1980: 314 (catalog of species of Brazil).AmblyconusKieffer, 1913: 221 (original description. Type: Amblyconusquadridens Kieffer, first included species. Synonymized by Masner (1965)); Kieffer 1914: 325 (description); Kieffer 1926: 269, 484 (description, keyed); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 327 (citation of type species).NeurocacusKieffer, 1913: 428 (original description. Type: Neurocacusphilippinensis Kieffer, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymized by Kieffer (1926)); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 374 (citation of type species).ProbaryconusKieffer: Kieffer 1913: 220 (description, change to generic status); Kieffer 1914: 323 (description); Kieffer 1926: 270, 485 (description, keyed, key to species); Maneval 1940: 113 (keyed); Mani 1941: 28 (catalog of species of India); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 388 (citation of type species); Muesebeck and Masner 1967: 299 (second supplement to Muesebeck and Walkley (1951)); Kozlov 1971: 40 (keyed); Kozlov 1971: 40 (keyed); Masner 1976: 33 (description, key to Calliscelio Ashmead, Paridris Kieffer, Oethecoctonus Ashmead, and Probaryconus Kieffer); Kozlov 1978: 614 (description); Muesebeck 1979: 1155 (catalog of species of U.S. and Canada); Mani and Sharma 1982: 176 (description); Galloway and Austin 1984: 7, 20, 28, 36 (diagnosis, list of species described from Australia, keyed); Kozlov and Kononova 1990: 95, 173 (keyed); Johnson 1992: 462 (cataloged, catalog of world species); Kononova 1995: 60, 69 (keyed, diagnosis, key to species of Russian Far East); Austin and Field 1997: 22, 68 (structure of ovipositor system, discussion of phylogenetic relationships); Lê 2000: 31, 72 (keyed, description, key to species); Loiácono and Margaría 2002: 558 (catalog of Brazilian species); Mineo 2006: 45 (genotype information); Rajmohana 2006: 116, 129 (description, keyed); Kononova and Kozlov 2008: 22, 219 (description, keyed); Talamas et al. 2011: 53 (keyed); Popovici and Johnson 2012: 381 (description of internal genitalia).Procacus (Neurocacus)Kieffer: Kieffer 1926: 416 (description, change to subgeneric status).Procacus (Procacus)Kieffer: Kieffer 1926: 415 (description).UrundiaRisbec, 1957: 142 (original description. Type: Urundiabiarmata Risbec, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymized by Masner (1976)); Masner 1976: 34 (junior synonym of Probaryconus Kieffer).MonoteleiaKieffer, syn. n., 1926: 272, 545 (original description. Type: Macroteleiagrenadensis Ashmead, by original designation. Keyed, key to species); Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 372 (citation of type species); Masner 1976: 35 (description, taxonomic status); Johnson 1992: 440 (cataloged, catalog of world species).Comments.
Probaryconus is a cosmopolitan and variable genus that includes numerous elongate forms. We agree with the suggestion of Masner (1976) that Monoteleia represents a morphological extreme of Probaryconus, not a phylogenetically distinct lineage. Our concept of Probaryconus accommodates Monoteleia without issue, and we note that metasomal length alone has not proven to be of real use at the generic level anywhere in Platygastroidea.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeB2DC18CB-D025-538D-AF42-AFBB636E44A5Probaryconusgrenadensishttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/4929(Ashmead)comb. n.Figures 46–51MacroteleiagrenadensisAshmead, 1900: 243, 327 (original description); Kieffer 1908: 170 (keyed).Cacellusgrenadensis(Ashmead): Kieffer 1908: 120 (generic transfer).Monoteleiagrenadensis(Ashmead): Kieffer 1926: 545 (generic transfer, description, keyed); Masner 1976: 35 (description, type information); Johnson 1992: 440 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
Holotype, male, M.grenadensis: GRENADA: Saint Andrew Parish, windward side, Grand Etang Lake, 1900ft, no date, H. H. Smith, USNMENT01059137 (deposited in USNM). Other material: (1 female, 1 male) GRENADA: 1 female, OSUC 396818 (CNCI). SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: 1 male, OSUC 396819 (CNCI).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae21161AFC-CFBB-5E0F-8909-869B4814CE44Probaryconuscauverycushttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/5096SaraswatFigures 52–55, 56–57ProbaryconuscauverycusSaraswat, 1978: 22 (original description); Mani and Sharma 1982: 176 (description); Johnson 1992: 463 (cataloged).Probaryconuskarnatakensis(Sharma), syn. n., 1982: 338 (original description); Johnson 1992: 459 (cataloged); Rajmohana 2007: 57 (keyed).Link to distribution map.
Female holotype of Probaryconuscauverycus: INDIA: Karnataka St., Tala Kaveri, 10.III.1975, M. S. Mani, USNMENT01109607 (deposited in USNM). Female holotype of Paridriskarnatakensis: INDIA: Karnataka St., Attur, 20.V–10.VI.1978, M. S. Mani, USNMENT01109963 (deposited in USNM). Other material: THAILAND: 1 female, USNMENT01223894 (USNM).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae4FF6AF06-E9BF-5F5B-9FF4-A0DB33AD967FProbaryconuspunctatushttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/5042(Ashmead)comb. n.Figures 58–61CaloteleiapunctataAshmead, 1894: 218, 221 (original description. Keyed); Ashmead 1900: 327 (distribution).Ceratoteleiapunctata(Ashmead): Kieffer 1908: 121 (generic transfer. Kieffer, in the same publication, placed this name under both Oxyteleia and Ceratoteleia).Oxyteleiapunctata(Ashmead): Kieffer 1908: 118 (generic transfer); Kieffer 1926: 516 (description, keyed); Johnson 1992: 455 (cataloged).Link to distribution map.
We here designate specimen USNMENT01109350 as the lectotype female of Probaryconuspunctatus (Ashmead).
Material examined.
Lectotype, female, Caloteleiapunctata: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, USNMENT01109350 (deposited in USNM). Paralectotype, female, Caloteleiapunctata: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, USNMENT01109351 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
Oxyteleia Kieffer has an Oriental distribution and this species does not have its most obvious diagnostic characters: a bispinose metascutellum and posteriorly directed spines derived from the axillular carinae on the lateral mesoscutellum.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeEEAA0C8E-1F50-5EA8-9DE3-B9EC5E09F5E2Psilanterisnigriclavatahttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3971(Ashmead)comb. n.Figures 62–64OpisthacanthanigriclavataAshmead, 1905: 399 (original description); Kieffer 1926: 398 (description, keyed); Baltazar 1966: 179 (cataloged, type information, distribution).Paratrimorusnigriclavatus(Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 41 (type information, generic transfer). Anterisnigriclavata(Ashmead): Johnson 1992: 337 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
Holotype, female, O.nigriclavata: PHILIPPINES: Metropolitan Manila Reg., Manila, no date, R. Brown, USNMENT00989029 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
Placement of this species in the correct genus has undoubtedly been hampered by glue that obscured some of its diagnostic characters. In order to sufficiently assess the specimen it was soaked in ethanol until the glue became soft enough for removal with forceps and a fine pin to observe the skaphion and dorsal head. The specimen was then left in the remaining glue (as seen in Figs 62–64). The presence of a skaphion, single metascutellar spine, and absence of a postmarginal vein enable us to confidently place this species in Psilanteris.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae80ECAB60-7A1C-5E59-81A3-D0B35647F328Triteleiabengalensishttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3960(Saraswat)comb. n.Figures 65–69AlloteleiabengalensisSaraswat, 1978: 18 (original description); Mani and Sharma 1982: 173 (description); Johnson 1992: 335 (cataloged).Link to distribution map.
Lectotype, male, P.annulicornis: UNITED STATES: Washington, 14-X, USNMENT01059271 (deposited in USNM). Paralectotype: UNITED STATES: 1 unsexed, USNMENT01029368 (USNM). Other material: UNITED STATES: 6 females, 1 male, USNMENT01109667, USNMENT01197090, USNMENT01197091, USNMENT01197092, USNMENT01197093, USNMENT01197094, USNMENT01197279 (USNM). Holotype of Trimorusvarius, male: UNITED STATES: MD, Montgomery Co., Cabin John, 30.VII.1924, Fouts, USNMENT01109222 (deposited in USNM). Holotype of Trimoruspulchricornis, female: UNITED STATES: MD, Montgomery Co., Glen Echo, no date, R. M. Fouts, USNMENT01109147 (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
Fouts (1948) described Trimoruspulchricornis and T.varius in the same publication, which also included T.annulicornis in his key to species. Even a cursory examination suggests that these three belong to a single species, giving us serious doubts about the quality of Fouts’s taxonomy, at least as far as Trimorus is concerned. We suspect that many more of Fouts species of Trimorus will be treated as junior synonyms but will require more thorough study that is beyond the scope of this publication.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridae8030DFF4-0A38-50C9-8F19-933B81A5A382Telenomusgraptaehttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/2821HowardFigures 80–82TelenomusgraptaeHoward, 1889: 1896 (original description. Type not found in USNM (Masner and Muesebeck 1968)); Ashmead 1893: 144, 145, 151 (description, keyed); Brues 1916: 545, 546 (description, keyed); Kieffer 1926: 28, 45 (description, keyed); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 65 (type information); Johnson 1992: 590 (cataloged, type information).Link to distribution map.
We here designate specimen USNMENT01109318 to be the neotype female of Telenomusgraptae: UNITED STATES: White Mountains, 6.VIII.1887, reared from egg, (deposited in USNM).
Comments.
Masner and Muesebeck (1968) clarified that this specimen could not be the holotype of T.graptae because the original male and female syntypes were mounted on slides, both of which are lost. This specimen bears a label “LECTOTYPE ♀ Telenomusgraptae How. By L. Masner, 1964”, but it is not eligible to be a lectotype because lectotypes must be selected from a syntype series. This specimen is in the best condition among those of this species determined by Howard and thus we consider it to be the best candidate for a neotype.
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeEE5AE7FA-DC89-58F6-9809-A2CD680B5181Telenomuspersimilishttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3018AshmeadFigures 83–85TelenomuspersimilisAshmead, 1893: 143, 150 (original description. Type lost (Masner and Muesebeck 1968). Keyed); Brues 1916: 545, 546 (description, keyed); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 69 (type information); Johnson 1984: 50, 63 (description, keyed); Johnson 1992: 607 (cataloged, type information).Microphanuruspersimilis(Ashmead): Kieffer 1926: 93, 107 (description, generic transfer, keyed).Link to distribution map.
Telenomuspersimilis was described from a single specimen, and in the original description Ashmead (1893) stated that he had since examined specimens from Agricultural College, Michigan, that were conspecific. Masner and Muesebeck (1968) stated that these specimens have since been used for identification of this species. We here designate one of the females from this series (USNMENT01109322) as the neotype of this species.
Material examined.
Neotype female: UNITED STATES: Michigan, 4.VIII.1901, reared from hemipteran egg USNMENT01109322 (USNM)).
AnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeC6F6E42C-CD02-540D-BBDD-C3BC12585FA3Telenomusrileyihttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3067HowardFigures 86–88TelenomusrileyiHoward, 1889: 1896 (original description. Type lost (Masner and Muesebeck 1968)); Brues 1916: 545, 548 (description, keyed); Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 70 (type information); Johnson 1992: 611 (cataloged, type information).TelenomusRileyiHoward: Ashmead 1893: 144, 156 (description of male, keyed).Phanurusrileyi(Howard): Kieffer 1926: 51, 58 (description, generic transfer, keyed).Link to distribution map.
The disappearance of the type series of Telenomusrileyi was documented by Masner and Muesebeck (1968). A series with “type” labels was reared from the same host, Asterocampaclyton (Boiduval & Leconte), as the type series in 1884, and likely was determined as T.rileyi by Howard. We here designate a female from this series (OSUC 115283) to be the neotype specimen
Material examined.
Neotype female: UNITED STATES: IL, Livingston Co., Fairbury, III-1884 (OSUC 115283 (USNM)).
Acknowledgments
We thank Joe Cora and Luciana Musetti (C. A. Triplehorn Collection, The Ohio State University) for database support; Thomas Henry of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory (USDA/ARS) for allowing us to use his imaging system; Mary Sangrey (NMNH) and David Adamsky (Systematic Entomology Laboratory (USDA/ARS) for coordinating interns in the Smithsonian Internship Program; and Patricia Gentili-Poole (National Museum of Natural History) for providing CUID labels. This work was made possible by funding from the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, the Beneficial Insect Introduction Research Unit, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Specialty Crop Research Initiative (USDA–NIFA–SCRI) #2011-51181-30937, and the National Science Foundation under grant No. DEB–0614764 to N.F. Johnson and A.D. Austin. The USDA does not endorse any commercial product mentioned in this research. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Primary type specimens of Platygastroidea in USNM
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
This table contains a list of all primary types of Platygastroidea in USNM. This list includes paratypes and paralectotypes that were photographed to supplement images of primary types that are incomplete or damaged.
https://binary.pensoft.net/file/138214This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.E. J. Talamas, J. Thompson, A. Cutler, S. Fitzsimmons Schoenberger, A. Cuminale, T. Jung, N.F. Johnson, A.A. Valerio, A. B. Smith, V. Haltermann, E. Alvarez, C. Schwantes, C. Blewer, C. Bodenreider, A. Salzberg, P. Luo, D. Meislin, M.L. Buffington10.3897/jhr.56.10774.suppl29041465EE2F724-45D9-50E4-ABB2-FE4DB18CD033
Non-primary type specimens of Platygastroidea in USNM
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
This table contains a list of species and specimens in USNM that are determined to species, but not represented by primary types, and for which images are publicly available.
https://binary.pensoft.net/file/138215This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited.Authors: E. J. Talamas, J. Thompson, A. Cutler, S. Fitzsimmons Schoenberger, A. Cuminale, T. Jung, N.F. Johnson, A.A. Valerio, A. B. Smith, V. Haltermann, E. Alvarez, C. Schwantes, C. Blewer, C. Bodenreider, A. Salzberg, P. Luo, D. Meislin, M.L. Buffington