Acerocephala ihulena development. Photos are from naturally infested wood taken after peeling off bark a A. ihulena male (paratype) pupa in an E. pacificus tunnel under the bark of H. tiliaceus wood, having developed on the desiccated E. pacificus larva next to it (indicated by yellow arrow) b A. ihulena female (paratype) pupa found in the same branches, also having developed on the now desiccated E. pacificus larva (indicated by yellow arrow) c, d E. pacificus larvae from tunnels under the bark of H. tiliaceus, with larval A. ihulena males developing as ectoparasitoids (parasitoid larvae indicated by blue arrows).