Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) associated with xyelid sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Mexico

Two species of ichneumon wasps (Ichneumonidae), Gelanes horstmanni Khalaim, sp. n. (Tersilochinae) and Idiogramma elbakyanae Khalaim sp. n. (Tryphoninae), are described from the pine forest at 2800– 2900 m from the State of Tlaxcala in Central Mexico; a third species, I. comstockii (Ashmead), is found to occur in the State of Nuevo León in Northeast Mexico. The genera Gelanes Horstmann and Idiogramma Förster are associated with xyelid sawflies (Xyelidae), and both, as well as the tryphonine tribe Idiogrammatini, are recorded from Mexico for the first time. An identification key to the two Idiogramma species occurring in Mexico is provided.


Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) associated with xyelid sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Mexico Introduction
The family Xyelidae Newman is an ancient group of Hymenoptera with the oldest fossil representatives dating back to the Middle or Late Triassic (Gao et al. 2009, Wang et al. 2014).Extant Xyelidae fauna is represented by five genera, of which the most diverse and species rich is Xyela Dalman (Taeger et al. 2010).
The genus Xyela comprises 48 species occurring predominantly in the Holarctic region, though some species extend with their host plants, Pinus spp.(Pinaceae), southwards into northern parts of the Neotropic and Oriental regions (Blank et al. 2013).A small number of imagines of Xyela are known from Mexico (Smith 1988;Khalaim, unpublished data), but none has been identified at species level so far.Larvae of Xyela live and feed in male cones of pine species (Blank 2002, Blank et al. 2013) but X. gallicaulis D.R. Smith causes galls in the vegetative shoots (Yates and Smith 2009).Some European species of Xyela were demonstrated to be monophagous or exceptionally oligophagous, being associated with one or a few related Pinus species (Blank et al. 2013).
The aim of this work is to describe two new species of Gelanes and Idiogramma from Central Mexico and record one more Nearctic Idiogramma species from Northeast Mexico.An identification key to two Mexican species of Idiogramma also will be provided.

Material and methods
A large amount of material of Mexican Ichneumonidae from the Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF, Mexico (further UNAM) was examined.From this material, two undescribed species of Ichneumonidae belonging to the genera Gelanes and Idiogramma have been recognized.One more Nearctic species associated with Xyela was found in the collection of the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd.Victoria, Mexico (further UAT).Some specimens will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (further BMNH) and the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (further ZISP).
Morphological terminology generally follows Gauld (1991); nomenclature of Gelanes propodeal carinae and areas follows Khalaim (2011).Ocellar index is the shortest distance between the lateral ocellus and the margin of the eye compared with the maximum diameter of the lateral ocellus.Stacks of photographs were taken in the TAMU with a DFC 295 digital camera attached to a Leica stereomicroscope.Composite images with an extended depth of field were created using the Helicon Focus software.
Gelanes is a Holarctic genus with 20 species in the Palaearctic region (Horstmann 1981;Khalaim 2002Khalaim , 2017;;Khalaim and Blank 2011;Kim et al. 2013;Khalaim and Sheng 2015) and 13 described and many undescribed species in USA and Canada (Horstmann 2013).Some species were reared from Xyela spp. in Europe (Khalaim and Blank 2011) and Xyela spp.and a species of Pleroneura Konow (Xyelidae) in North America (Horstmann 2013).A single species of Gelanes, described below, is found in Central Mexico.It respresents the first record of Gelanes from Mexico.
Gelanes horstmanni Khalaim, sp.n. http://zoobank.org/01626456-87CC-4A73-99BF-492D8C8DD836Figs 1-5 Comparison.The new species is immediately distinguished from the 13 Nearctic species described by Horstmann (2013) by the combination of the filiform flagellum comprising 25 flagellomeres (Fig. 2) and the ovipositor bearing a deep and narrow dorsal subapical notch (Fig. 5).Only two Nearctic species, G. incisus Horstmann and G. punctipleuris Horstmann, possess similar ovipositors with a narrow dorsal subapical notch, but in both species the genae are much shorter (0.6-0.7 times as long as eye width) and more strongly constricted behind the eyes, the clavate flagellum comprises only 16-18 flagellomeres, and the apex of the ovipositor bears one or several fine teeth ventrally.In the key to Nearctic species (Horstmann 2013), G. horstmanni runs to couplet 14, but does not correspond with either side of the couplet as it has the mesopleuron punctate with smooth interspaces, a weak foveate groove, and an extremely long ovipositor with the sheath being more than 4.5 times as long as the first tergite.Gelanes horstmanni also differs from all of its Palaearctic congeners by the head strongly prominent behind the eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 3).
times as long as basal mandibular width.Antennal flagellum (Fig. 2) filiform, long, with 25 flagellomeres; flagellomeres 1-3 rather short, slightly elongate; second flagellomere is the shortest; flagellomeres 4 and following 1.2-1.3times, subapical flagellomeres almost 1.1 times as long as broad; flagellomeres 4-6 bearing distinct and flagellomere 7 weak finger-shaped structures at apex on outer surface.Face with moderately strong prominence medially.Face and frons distinctly punctate, with smooth interspaces between punctures centrally, finely and densely punctate with granulate and dull interspaces peripherally.Vertex distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures.Gena smooth, upper part with moderately dense and fine punctures, lower part with very fine and sparse punctures.Occipital carina complete.Hypostomal carina completely absent.
Mesoscutum and scutellum with moderately dense fine punctures, polished between punctures.Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae present only at extreme base.Notaulus very weak, slightly impressed, with few fine oblique striae somewhat distant from anterolateral margin.Mesopleuron with shallow fine punctures, more or less smooth and weakly shining between punctures centrally, finely granulate peripherally.Foveate groove rather shallow, short, oblique, situated somewhat before centre of mesopleuron, with fine transverse wrinkles.Basal area of propodeum indistinct, moderately broad, rectangular, about 2.5 times as long as broad and 0.4 times as long as apical area.Dorsolateral area with fine, scattered punctures, interspaces between punctures smooth centrally.Distance between propodeal spiracle and pleural carina about as long as diameter of spiracle.Apical area centrally indistinctly punctate with interspaces between punctures more or less smooth, periherally uneven, flat, widely rounded anteriorly; apical longitudinal carinae well developed, reaching transverse carina anteriorly.
Fore wing with second recurrent vein (2m-cu) postfurcal.Intercubitus (2rs-m) moderately thick, somewhat longer than abscissa of cubitus between intercubitus and second recurrent vein (abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu).First abscissa of radius (Rs+2r) straight, distinctly longer than width of pterostigma.First and second sections of radius (Rs+2r and Rs) meeting at right angle.Metacarpus (R1) short, running about half way from distal end of Rs and apex of fore wing.Postnervulus (Cu&2cu-a) intercepted distinctly below its middle.Hind wing with nervellus (Cu1&cu-a) vertical.
Legs slender.Hind femur 0.65 times as long as tibia (Fig. 1).Hind basitarsus short, 0.4 times as long as hind tibia.Spurs of hind tibia short and straight.Tarsal claws not pectinate.
First tergite moderately slender, 2.6 times as long as broad posteriorly, dorsally polished, laterally striate before glymma, smooth at base.Glymma deep, situated slightly proximal of centre of first tergite, joining strong furrow to ventral part of postpetiole.Second tergite 1.25 times as long as broad anteriorly.Thyridial depression slightly elongate.Ovipositor very long, evenly upcurved, with a deep dorsal subapical notch, without teeth ventrally (Fig. 5); sheath over 4.5 times as long as first tergite and about 3.0 times as long as hind tibia.
Male.Flagellum slightly tapered towards apex, with 24-25 flagellomeres.Head rather strongly prominent behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 3).Malar space 0.3-0.5 times as long as basal mandibular width.One male with mandibular teeth not obliterated, pointed, subequal in length.Clypeus more or less lenticular, with lower margin weakly convex.Basal area of propodeum narrow, almost as long as apical area.Distance between propodeal spiracle and pleural carina 1.0-2.0times as long as diameter of spiracle.Tergites 1 and 2 of metasoma more slender.Metasoma posterior to tergite 1 dark brown, subcylindrical.Otherwise similar to female.
Variation.Six males are not included to the type series; they are somewhat smaller, with the gena not prominent behind eyes in dorsal view and the body highly smooth and less punctate.
Etymology.The species name in dedicated to the late Klaus Horstmann, a German expert in Ichneumonidae, in recognition of his contribution to the study of Nearctic Tersilochinae.
Idiogramma is a small Holarctic genus with 6 species -3 in the Palaearctic region and 4 in the Nearctic region (Townes et al. 1992), including one species, I. euryops, distributed in both continents (Yu et al. 2012).Two species of Idiogramma are here recorded from Mexico: I. comstockii is recorded from the northeastern State of Nuevo León, and I. elbakyanae sp.n. from the State of Tlaxcala in Central Mexico.This is the first record of the genus, as well as its tribe Idiogrammatini, from Mexico.
In addition, I. elbakyanae differs from the three species occurring in the Palaearctic region (Kasparyan and Tolkanitz 1999) by its extremely long ovipositor, shorter first tergite, strongly tapered mandibles and dorsally absent occipital carina (in I. euryops this carina is sometimes weak or vestigial mediodorsally); it also differs from I. alysiina and I. euryops by the head, in dorsal view, with long and prominent genae; and from I. eurum and I. euryops by the fuscous face (yellow in the two other species).
Description.Female.Body length 3.8 mm.Fore wing length 3.9 mm.Head prominent, strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 10); gena 1.1 times as long as eye width.Ocellar index 1.8.Clypeus very broad and short, separated from face by deep and sharp groove, with upper margin somewhat convex medially and lower margin slightly concave (Fig. 9), strongly convex in lateral view.Mandible strongly tapered in basal half, 2.6 times broader basally than apically (at level of base of teeth), with raised flanges on lower and upper margins; upper tooth longer than the lower; mandible in dorsal view convex, unspecialized.Malar space very short, upper corner of mandible almost touching eye margin (Fig. 9).Antennal flagellum slender, slightly tapered towards apex, with 23 flagellomeres; flagellomere 1 slightly swollen basally.Face with rather strong prominence medially, finely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces between punctures.Frons, vertex and genae polished, with scattered fine punctures.Vertex weakly convex, not impressed along midline (Figs 10,11).Occiput dorsally conspicuously impressed medially (Fig. 11).Occipital carina present ventrally, completely absent lateraly and dorsally.
Mesoscutum polished, with scattered fine punctures.Notaulus deep and sharp on anterolateral side of mesoscutum.Epicnemial carina extending somewhat above the level of lower corner of pronotum, not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron.Me- sopleuron smooth and shining, with very fine and sparse punctures.Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae distinct, convergent anteriorly; propodeum dorsally with transverse wrinkles between median longitudinal carinae; lateral longitudinal carinae weak but distinct.
First tergite slightly transverse, almost 0.9 times as long as posteriorly broad, in lateral view with upper margin evenly convex; lateromedian carinae distinct in basal half.Second tergite strongly transverse.Ovipositor very long, flexible, at apex with distinct nodus and fine teeth ventrally (Fig. 8); sheath about 4.2 times as long as hind tibia.
Head brownish black to black; lower part of genae and face medially slightly yellowish; clypeus and mandible (except black teeth) yellow; mouthparts yellow with two apical segments of maxillary palp and one apical segment of labial palp fuscous.Antennal flagellum black, slightly paler basally; scape and pedicel brownish black, yellowish ventrally and with extreme apical margin yellow dorsally.Mesosoma entirely brownish black; tegula yellow.Pterostigma brown.Legs predominantly brown; fore coxa yellow, slightly brownish basally; mid coxa pale brown; fore and mid trochanters yellow; fore and mid femora and hind trochanters yellow to brown.Metasomal tergites dark brown, tergites 2 to 7 with hind margin dorsally widely and laterally narrowly emarginate with yellow (Fig. 8).
Etymology.The species is named in honour of Alexandra Elbakyan (Kazakhstan/ Russia), creator of the web-site Sci-Hub, in recognition of her contribution to making scientific knowledge available for all researchers.

Figure 12 .
Figure 12.Distribution map of Gelanes and Idiogramma species in Mexico.