Vespa ducalis A left mandible in frontal view, with the arrow indicating pits B dorsolateral portion of the left half of the labrum in frontal view C right mandible D, E head in frontal view F labrum (left) and palate (right) in frontal view G two examples of the apical portion of the mandible, with the arrow showing the inclination of the dorsal margin of tooth III and red lines highlighting the acute apex of tooth I H temporal band. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, C); 0.03 mm (B); 0.3 mm (D, E, H); 0.1 mm (F, G).