The genus Quartinia Ed . André , 1884 ( Hymenoptera , Vespidae , Masarinae ) in Southern Africa . Part V . New and little known species with incomplete venation

In this publication, the fifth of a projected series revising the Afrotropical species of the genus Quartinia Ed. André, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Masarinae), six species with incomplete venation are dealt with. Two new species are described, aenea from southern Namibia and aerosa from the Northern Cape of South Africa. These two species with greenish-metallic or broze-metallic head and mesosoma are compared with the known and similar looking helichrysi (Richards) and metallescens von Schulthess. Two further known species are dealt with, namely capensis Kohl and senecionis (Richards). Extensive collection data pertaining to most of the species contribute to the knowledge of their distribution and floral associations.


Introduction
Th e background to the present state of knowledge of the taxonomy of the genus Quartinia Ed.André, 1884 has been fully stated in Gess (2007).
Desirable as it might be to undertake a complete revision of the genus, this is at present not practicable.Rather than to get bogged down in a study which might never be completed and published, it is intended to publish a series of papers describing new species as well as reviewing some known species.It is envisioned that a new key to species will complete the series.To date Parts I, II and III have been published as Gess (2007), Gess (2008) and Gess (2009).
Quartinia species range in length from a little over 2 mm to 7 mm.In comparison with the great majority of species of other genera of Masarinae even the largest Quartinia are relatively small.In view of the considerable range in size shown by species of Quartinia and in order to express relative size, categories based on length have been established for species of the genus.Th ese are minute (1.5-2.5 mm); small (2.5-3.5 mm); medium (3.5-4.5mm);large (4.5-5.5 mm); very large (5.5-6.5 mm) and gigantic (6.5-7.5 mm).
Th e present paper deals only with species with complete venation (2m-cu present and as thick as other veins).
Acronyms for institutions in which material is housed are: AMG = Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa; AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States of America; BMNH = Natural History Museum, London, England; NNIC = Namibian National Insect Collection, Windhoek, Namibia; SAM = South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa; SANC = South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa.
Description.Female (Figs 1, 3, 5): Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: band (in some specimens reduced and medially interrupted; in others totally eff aced) on anterior margin of pronotum and spot (in some specimens totally eff aced) on posterodorsal angle of same; mark (varying from small to totally eff aced in majority of speci-  mens) on humeral angle; tegula (except ferruginous median area); scutellar lamella (except postero-medially); posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively shorter and narrower) on terga I -III, IV or V (most commonly I -IV).Light reddish-yellow are: underside of all fl agellomeres (except in some specimens distal fl agellomeres of club); apex of femur of all legs, most of tibia (except diff use ferruginous postero-ventral markings) of fore and middle legs; base of hind tibia; proximal four tarsomeres of fore leg.Various shades of ferruginous are: mandible distally; upper surface of pedicel and proximal fl agellomeres; markings on tibia of all legs; ultimate tarsomere of fore leg and all tarsomeres of middle and hind legs.Wings lightly browned; veins brown.Length: 4.6-5.2mm (average of 4: 4.9 mm); length of fore wing: 2.7-3.0 mm (average of 4: 2.9 mm); hamuli 4-6.
Male (Figs 2,4,6,7): Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: small spot near base of mandible (in one specimen from Melkbosstrand only); labrum (except in some specimens testaceous distal margin); clypeus; transverse mark (in some specimens dorsally bilobed) at bottom of frons and contiguous with white clypeus; most of scape (except black streak dorsally); underside of pedicel; band on anterior margin (in some specimens medially interrupted) of pronotum and spot on postero-dorsal angle of same; mark (varying from large to almost totally eff aced) on humeral angle; small spot at top of mesopleuron (in some specimens only); tegula (except ferruginous median area); scutellar lamella (except postero-medially); posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively shorter and narrower) on terga I -VI.Light reddish-yellow are: underside of all fl agellomeres; apex of femur of all legs; most of tibia (except diff use ferruginous postero-ventral markings) of all legs (or of fore and middle legs and base only of hind leg); proximal four tarsomeres of fore leg.Various shades of ferruginous are: mandible distally; upper surface of pedicel and fl agellomeres; markings on tibia of all legs; ultimate tarsomere of fore leg and all tarsomeres of middle and hind legs; parameres (generally light ferruginous but with margins narrowly dark ferruginous).
Puncturation of head, mesosoma and gaster as in female.TergumVII more coarsely sculptured than other terga, apico-medially with a short, narrowly V-shaped slit; lobes fl anking slit apically acutely pointed.Sterna atuberculate.Parameres almost rounded apically but slightly angular on inner side of curve; without a distinct tooth.
Etymology.Named for the sandy terrain to which the species appears to be restricted.
Diagnosis.Large (5.25 mm), robust (ratio of width to length = 0.34: 1).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Tegula with posterior inner corner inwardly produced.Female (male unknown) black marked with yellowishwhite.Head and mesosoma microsculptured (shagreened).Punctures on clypeus and lower half of frons barely discernable; those on upper half of frons and vertex fi ne, close, increasing discernable.Punctures on mesosoma larger and more obvious than on head; those on pronotum coarse and subconfl uent; those on mesoscutum and scutellum fi ner and discrete.
Description.Female (Figs 8-10): [Based largely on the holotype; the paratypes, having been in alcohol for thirteen years, are somewhat bleached.]Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: band (in some specimens very narrowly interrupted medially; in one specimen totally eff aced) on anterior margin of pronotum and minute spot on postero-dorsal angle of same; streak of varying size (in some specimens eff aced) on humeral angle; tegula (except ferruginous median area); scutellar lamella (except postero-medially); posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively shorter and narrower) on terga I -IV.Light reddish-yellow are: underside of fl agellomeres of club; extreme apex of femur and extreme base of tibia of all legs.Various shades of ferruginous are: mandible distally; tarsomeres (particularly underside) of all legs.Wings slightly browned; veins dark brown.
Length of holotype 5.25 mm.[Length of paratypes impossible to establish due to alcohol induced extension and curvature of gaster but likely to have been similar as measurement of mesosoma is same as that of holotype].Length of fore wing: 3.6 mm; hamuli 5.  Clypeus, frons and vertex fi nely microsculptured (shagreened); punctures on clypeus and lower half of frons barely discernable; those on upper half of frons and vertex fi ne, close, increasing discernable.Mesosoma fi nely microsculptured (shagreened); punctures larger than those on head, those on pronotum coarse and subconfl uent, those on mesoscutum and scutellum fi ner and discrete.Gaster very fi nely punctured, shiny.
Male: Unknown.Etymology.Named for the Atlantic seaboard where the species occurs.Geographic distribution.Known from the seaboard of Western Cape of South Africa, the collecting sites being in the Strandveld of the West Coast of Acocks (1953).
Floral associations.Unknown.Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Quartinia atlantica diff ers most obviously from Q. arenaria in that it is a robust species whereas the latter is a gracile species.Th is can readily be seen not only by comparing specimens of the two species by eye but by measurement.Two females of equal length (5.25 mm), one of each species (for atlantica the unstretched holotype), were measured for head and thorax width (head width = thorax width) which for Q. atlantica was 1.78 mm and for Q. arenaria a mere 1.42 mm.Expressed as the ratio of width to body length, the values are 0.34: 1 for atlantica and 0.27: 1 for arenaria.
Yellow pan trapping by S. van Noort at Koeberg Nature Reserve during 1997 yielded not only Q. atlantica Gess but also Q. bonaespei Gess, the former during the period 13 June to 28 November, the latter during the period 11 July to 28 November.No males of either species were obtained.Diagnosis.Large (4.5-5.3 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Tegula with posterior inner corner inwardly produced.Both sexes black marked with various shades of ferruginous.Male with sternum VII raised postero-medially to form a postero-ventrally directed tubercle.
Description.Female (Figs 11,13,15): Black.Th e following are yellowish ferruginous: underside of pedicel and fl agellomeres (most noticeably underside of antennal club); tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; scutellar lamella laterally; apex of all femora; dorsal and anterior aspects of fore tibia; anterior aspect of middle and hind tibiae; proximal four tarsomeres of fore leg.Ferruginous are: mandible (except base); labrum; upperside of antenna; narrow and short band medially on pronotal dorsum; tegula medially; posterior bands (reaching sides and progressively narrower) on terga I -V; narrow posterior bands on sterna II -V (in some specimens); tibia and tarsomeres (other than for parts listed above) of all legs.Wings lightly browned; veins brown.Head in front view 1.3 × as wide as long; POL: OOL = 1: 0.82.Clypeus 1.5 × as wide as long.
Tergum VII with disc in proximal third slightly depressed, apico-medially with a narrow, subparallel-sided slit, and with lobes fl anking slit rounded.Sternum VII raised postero-medially to form a postero-ventrally directed tubercle.
Etymology.Named for Caroline Mayer of BIOTA-Southern Africa, Hamburg University, who collected the material during her studies in Namaqualand.
Geographic distribution.Known only from two contiguous localities situated in the Macchia (Fynbos) of the Kamiesberg.
Floral associations.Unknown.Nesting.Unknown.Diagnosis.Medium to large (4.4-5.5 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Both sexes with thorax and gaster subshiny with coarse punctures; scutellum only gently convex medially.Female with scutellum black and lamella pale.Male with mandible white and tip ferruginous; labrum and clypeus wholly white; antennal club black dorsally, white ventrally; frons with white marking expanded laterally into (but not fi lling) ocular sinus; scutellum with a pair of pale streaks laterally and pale lamella; sternum VII subglabrous and apically with fringe of fi ne setae.
Mesosoma subshiny with coarse punctures separated by less than their diameter (on the pronotum) or by their diameter or more (on the centre of the mesoscutum and on the scutellum); interstices very fi nely microreticulate (shagreened).Tegula with inner posterior corner markedly inwardly produced.Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Scutellum medially evenly and gently convex.
Gaster with fi rst and second terga with coarse sub-confl uent punctures and shagreened interstices; terga III -VI with puncturation progressively less coarse and closer.
Male (Figs 20,22,24): Black.Th e following are yellowish white: mandible (except tip); labrum; clypeus; large marking on frons with its base immediately above clypeus and dorsally expanded laterally into (but not fi lling) ocular sinus; scape, pedicel and proximal fl agellomeres; broad band across anterior margin of pronotum (carried down to humeral angle) and small spot on postero-dorsal angle of same; a minute to small streak at top of mesopleuron; tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; a pair of lateral spots on scutellum; scutellar lamella laterally; posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively reduced) on terga I -VI; diff use area on tergum VII; apex of femur, most of tibia, proximal four tarsomeres of all legs.Th e following are ferruginous: mandibular tip; antennal club (dark above, light below); lateral margins of terga and posterior bands laterally; irregular narrow band between yellowish-white posterior band and basal black area on terga I -VI; irregular non yellowish-white areas on tergum VII; all sterna; last tarsomere of all legs.Wings very lightly browned; veins brown.
Head in front view 1.5 × as wide as long; POL: OOL = 1: 0.9.Clypeus 1.67 × as wide as long (to bottom of emargination), convex, markedly raised laterally and distally, falling steeply to anterior margin; anterior margin very shallowly and widely emarginate; antero-lateral angles rounded.Puncturation of head, mesosoma and gaster similar to that of female.
Gaster with tergum VII with a short median V-shaped slit; lobes fl anking slit rounded.Sterna atuberculate; sternum VII subglabrous with only a few scattered, fi ne setae and apically with fringe of closer fi ne setae.
Etymology.Th e name frontalis serves to draw attention to the frons which in the male has a characteristic white marking expanded laterally into (but not fi lling) the ocular sinus.
Geographic distribution.Known from the north-western Northern Cape (Namaqualand; winter rainfall region) of South Africa, the collecting localities being sited in the Namaqualand BrokenVeld and the Mountain Renosterbosveld of Acocks (1953).
Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Sympatric with the generally similar looking scutellaris, setositerminalis and vagepunctata.Diagnosis.Large (5.2-5.6 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Tegula with posterior inner corner inwardly produced.Female (male unknown) with mandible at least in part pale yellow, contrasting strikingly with totally black clypeus.

Quartinia luteomandibulata
Description.Female (Figs 25-27): Black.Th e following are pale yellow: basal half of mandible (to variable extent; tending proximally to change to light ferruginous); underside of scape, pedicel and proximal fl agellomeres; pair of large quadrangular markings (in paratype from Koingnaas partly fused) on lower half of frons immediately above clypeo-frontal suture; most of ocular sinus; streak of variable length on temple behind top of eye; pair of wedge-shaped markings (meeting or very narrowly separated medially) on anterior margin of pronotum and extreme postero-dorsal angle of same; large mark on humeral angle; mark of variable extent (large or broken up into a number of small spots or totally eff aced) on mesopleuron; tegula (except for ferruginous median area); spot basally on each side of scutellum (eff aced in paratype from Lamberts Bay); scutellar lamella (interrupted posteriorly); marking on propodeal angle (reduced in paratype from Lamberts Bay to small spot on dorsum of propodeum); posterior bands reaching or not reaching sides on terga I -V; band on tergum I widest; those on terga I -V progressively narrower but medially and laterally slightly anteriorly produced; apex of femur, tibia (except dark area posteriorly at mid length) of all legs.Light ferruginous are: apical half or more of mandible; underside of antennal club; tarsomeres of all legs.Dark ferruginous are: apex of mandible; labrum; upper side of antenna; median area of tegula; claws.Wings very lightly browned; veins brown.Length 5.2-5.6 mm (average of 3: 5.5 mm); length of fore wing 3.3 mm (average of 3); hamuli 4.

26
Etymology.Th e name luteomandibulata refers to the female's predominantly yellow mandibles which contrast strikingly with the totally black clypeus and in so doing present a most unusual appearance.
Geographic distribution.Known only from two localities on the west coast of the Northern and Western Cape, both being in the Strandveld of the West Coast of Acocks (1953).
Notes.Th is species was described from three males from Leliefontein, collected by Caroline Mayer and one male from W of Wallekraal, collected by F. W. and S. K. Gess.Th e female was stated to be unknown, "none of the specimens of several species from the relevant localities being assignable with any degree of confi dence to this species".Recent collecting at Rooikloof Farm near Sutherland by F. W. and S. K. Gess and others produced a single male of Q. namaquensis and 58 females, believed to be conspecifi c, the male and the great majority of the females visiting the fl owers of Wahlenbergia near polyclada A.DC (Campanulaceae).Th e scarcity of males was most likely due to the fact that collecting took place towards the end the species' fl ight period at that particular locality.
In the light of the above association, the undetermined material collected by Caroline Mayer was re-examined and it was found that four females, two from Leliefontein (the type locality of the male) and two from nearby Remhoogte, were clearly conspecifi c with the females from Rooikloof Farm, and that these should therefore likewise be assigned to Q. namaquensis.
Description.Female (hitherto undescribed) ( Figs 28,30,32): Virtually indistinguishable from the female of Q. conchicola Gess, the diff erences being subtle.Most notable is that the vertex behind the posterior ocelli is rounded, not depressed and somewhat concave.Th e occipital carina therefore appears less pronounced.Satisfactory identifi cation of the females of both species is, however, dependant upon their association with the relative males which, in their secondary sexual characters, are strikingly distinct (see Gess 2007).
Discussion of Nesting.As was recorded previously (Gess 2007: 221) a male was reared from a cell in a sand-fi lled shell of the desert snail Trigonephrus sp.(Mollusca: Gasteropoda: Pulmonata: Dorcasiidae) collected W of Wallekraal.On the basis of this rearing, Quartinia namaquensis was grouped together with seven other species characterized as nesting in sand-fi lled snail shells.One of these other species, Q. refugicola Gess, though throughout its presently known distribution found to nest in sand-fi lled shells, was found at Rosh Pinah to nest in addition in sand-fi lled cavities in calcrete rocks.Consequently, nesting in snail shells by Q. rufi gicola must be considered to be facultative rather than obligatory.Th e same must be true for Q. namaquensis (and possibly for the other species nesting in snail shells), for at the site at Sutherland, where the species was so common, no suitable snail shells were present.Diagnosis.Large (4.8-5.4 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as the other veins.Tegula whitish-yellow (other than for testaceous median area), with posterior inner corner inwardly produced and acute.Mesosoma and gaster black, richly marked with whitish-yellow.Metanotum of both sexes whitish-yellow.Male with striking and unique, long, pale, apically curved setae on ventral surface of fl agellomeres 1-7, on labrum and on distal third of clypeus.

Quartinia namibensis
Description.Female (Figs 35,37,39): Black.Th e following are various shades of whitish-yellow: underside of antenna; medially interrupted band on anterior margin of pronotum, carried down to and expanded in humeral area, and narrowly extended along hind margin to postero-dorsal angle; tegula (other than for testaceous median area); tri-lobed curved band on disk of scutellum (leaving a bi-lobed black basal area); entire scutellar lamella; metanotum; ill-defi ned small area dorsally on propodeum (in paratype only); posterior bands attaining sides and somewhat anteriorly widened medially and laterally on terga I -V.Reddish yellow are: narrow subapical posterior bands on sterna II -V; median part of mandible; apex of femur, tibia (except dark brown streak on fore tibia) and tarsus of all legs.Upper surface of antenna dark reddishbrown; wings sub-hyaline; stigma and veins light brown.
Th orax semi-matt, distinctly microreticulate (shagreened) and punctured; punctures larger and more clearly defi ned than on head; interstices varying from less than puncture width to more than double puncture width.Tegula with posterior inner corner inwardly produced and acute.Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as the other veins.
Gaster moderately shiny, with small, indistinct punctures.mal fl agellomeres); mandible; labrum; clypeus; paraocular area (streak carried narrowly upwards from mandibular insertion into lower half of ocular sinus where slightly widened); large, median, dorsally bi-lobed marking on frons (extending from clypeo-frontal suture to level of top of ocular sinus); band on anterior margin of pronotum, carried down to and expanded in humeral area, and narrowly extended along hind margin to postero-dorsal angle; tegula (other than for testaceous median area); transverse, postero-median spot on scutellum; entire scutellar lamella; metanotum; posterior bands attaining sides and slightly anteriorly widened medially and laterally on terga I -VI.Reddish-yellow are: apex of femur, tibia (except dark brown streak on fore tibia) and tarsus of all legs.Wings sub-hyaline; stigma and veins light brown.Length circa 4.8 mm; length of fore wing 3.1 mm; hamuli 4. Head in front view 1.4 × as wide as long; POL: OOL = 1: 0.6.Surface sculpture of head, thorax and gaster as in female.Tegula as in female.Flagellomeres 1-7 ventrally, labrum, clypeus on distal third with long, pale, apically curved setae; length of setae on antennae approximating or exceeding width of proximal fl agellomeres, that of setae on clypeus longer.Tergum VII somewhat depressed, apico-medially with a V-shaped slit; lobes fl anking slit rounded.Sterna atuberculate.Parameres rounded apically, without a tooth.
Etymology.Th e name, namibensis, an adjective, is derived from the Namib Desert, and refers to the provenance of the species.
Geographic distribution.Known only from the Sperrgebiet (Diamond Area 1) of Namibia, that is from the Desert and Succulent Steppe (Winter rainfall area) of Giess (1971).
Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Th e two females from Nomitsas and Tsabiam's Camp (both localities in the Klinghardtberge) and the two males from Roter Kamm (below and south-west of the Aurusberg) are here associated on the basis of general similarity, allowance being made for secondary sexual diff erences.Th e association requires confi rmation by the study of material of both sexes found fl ying together in one or more localities.Diagnosis.Medium to large (4.3-5.2 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as the other veins.Tegula whitish-yellow (other than for testaceous to ferruginous median area), with posterior inner corner markedly inwardly produced and acute.Head in front view wider than long; angle of propodeum unmodifi ed.Female with mesoscutum sparsely and coarsely punctured; with gaster closely punctured, coarsely so anteriorly.Male with antennal club, legs and tergumVII unmodifi ed (simple); mesoscutum closely and coarsely punctured, gaster closely punctured, coarsely so anteriorly; head with mandibles, labrum and clypeus largely whitish-yellow, frons with small (often bilobed) marking immediately above clypeo-frontal suture.Geographic distribution.Known from the west-central and north-western part of the Western Cape of South Africa, all presently listed collecting sites being in the Macchia (Fynbos) of Acocks (1953).Th e type locality, given as Cape Town, falls well outside the above distribution and it is therefore open to question whether it is correct.
Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Richards (1962: 169) expressed a slight element of uncertainty with regard to the association of the sexes in stating "the male probably belongs to this species although the mesoscutum is very much more closely punctured".Th e presently examined material confi rms the association of the sexes as described by Richards. .Th e following are yellowish-white: underside of antenna; pair of small streaks on pronotal dorsum and minute spot at postero-dorsal angle of same (these markings eff aced in most specimens); tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; scutellar lamella laterally; posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively reduced) on terga I -IV; apex of femur, most of tibia, and tarsomeres of all legs.Th e following are ferruginous: mandible (except base); upper side of antenna; bottom of ocular sinus (in most specimens); tegula medially; tergum I basally; terga I -V laterally and narrowly posteriorly; tergum VI entirely; sterna.Wings lightly browned; veins brown.
Head in front view 1.4 × as wide as long; microreticulate (shagreened), moderately shiny, with small punctures separated by less than their diameter; POL: OOL = 1: 0.85.Clypeus 1.8 × as wide as long (to bottom of emargination); anterior margin shallowly and widely emarginate; antero-lateral angles rounded.Mesosoma and metasoma microsculptured (shagreened) with punctures on pronotum, mesopleuron, mesoscutum, scutellum and tergum I coarser than those on head; punctures on mesoscutum and scutellum most distinct; those on gaster progressively smaller from tergum I to VI. Scutellum smoothly, convexly raised above level of hind end of mesoscutum.Tegula with inner posterior corner markedly inwardly produced.Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.
Male (Figs 57,59,61,62): Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: mandible (except tip); labrum; clypeus (except small area below antennal socket); large marking on lower half of frons immediately above clypeus; large crescent in ocular sinus; scape, pedicel and proximal fl agellomeres; anterior margin of pronotum (carried down to humeral angle) and small spot on postero-dorsal angle of same; large marking on upper half of mesopleuron; tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; curved posterior band (more or less tri-lobed) on scutellum; scutellar lamella (medially interrupted with ferruginous); posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively reduced) on terga I -VI; some diff use areas on tergum VII; apex of femur, most of tibia, most of tarsomeres (becoming progressively more ferruginous) of all legs.Th e following are ferruginous: mandibular tip; antennal club both above and below; propodeal angle laterally; tergum I basally and laterally, tergum II laterally, terga III -VII where not marked with yellowish-white; all sterna; tarsomeres to some degree (as indicated above).Wings lightly browned; veins brown.
Head in front view 1.4 × as wide as long; POL: OOL = 1: 0.96.Clypeus 1.8 × as wide as long (to bottom of emargination); anterior margin shallowly and widely emarginate; antero-lateral angles rounded.Puncturation of head, mesosoma and meta-soma similar to that of female.Tergum VII with a median slit and with lobes fl anking it smoothly rounded apically.Sterna atuberculate; sternum VII subglabrous, apically with a fringe of fi ne setae.
Etymology.Th e name scutellaris serves to draw attention to the scutellum which in the female is raised medially and in the male has a characteristic curved posterior white band.
Geographic distribution.Known from the north-western part of the Northern Cape (Namaqualand; winter rainfall region) of South Africa, the collecting sites being principally in the Namaqualand Broken Veld of Acocks (1953).
Floral associations.Asteraceae (Leysera, Rhynchopsidium).Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Sympatric with the generally similar looking frontalis, setositerminalis and vagepunctata.Association of sexes confi rmed by one pair in copula (see above).Diagnosis.Medium sized (3.7-4.3 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Both sexes with tegula yellowish white (other than for ferruginous median area), with posterior inner corner inwardly produced and acute; with head and mesosoma strikingly shiny, without micro sculpturing (shagreening); with head, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum with very obvious, mostly porrect, setae; with frons fl at or even slightly depressed; clypeus markedly convexly raised; occiput markedly transversely depressed; head, pronotum, mesonotum, mesopleuron and propodeum without any pale markings.Male with tergum VII with only a small median emargination on apical margin (that is lacking a median slit); sterna atuberculate.(Figs 63,65,67): Black.Th e following are yellowish white: lower surface of scape, pedicel and at least some fl agellomeres (if not light ferruginous); tegula (other than for ferruginous median area); scutellar lamella laterally; narrow posterior bands not reaching sides on terga I -IV; apex of femur of all legs; base or more of tibia of fore leg; most of dorsal surface of middle tibia; base of hind tibia.Various shades of ferruginous are: upper surface of scape, pedicel and intermediate fl agellomeres and lower surface of same (if not yellowish white); distal half of mandible; tegula medially; coxa, trochanter, femur, parts of tibia, tarsomeres of all legs; terga postero-laterally (including ends of posterior bands); sterna.Wings very lightly browned; veins brown.
Head in front view 1.2 × as wide as long; frons remarkably fl at, medially even slightly depressed; POL: OOL = 1: 0.9; occiput markedly transversely depressed.Frons and vertex strikingly shiny, without microreticulation (shagreening) but with regular, small punctures separated by circa puncture width and set with obvious, fi ne, mostly porrect setae.Narrow area on midline of frons of holotype and one of paratypes without punctures and setae.Clypeus 1.6 × as wide as long, noticeably convexly raised,  moderately shiny, with semi-confl uent, small punctures and some limited microreticulation on interstices, with setation as on frons; anterior margin with a very shallow V-shaped emargination; antero-lateral angles very narrowly rounded.
Mesosoma strikingly shiny, without microreticulation; punctures a little larger than on head; setation on pronotum and mesonotum similar to that on head but that on scutellum shorter.
Male (Figs 64,66,68,69): Black.Yellowish-white markings and ferruginous areas as in female (except that tergum V has an indication of a short posterior band).
Puncturation and setation of head, mesosoma and gaster as in female.
Tergum VII with only a small median emargination on apical margin (that is lacking a median slit); sterna atuberculate.
Etymology.Th e name setaria serves to draw attention to the very noticeable porrect setae on the head and thorax.
Geographic distribution.As far as can be judged, restricted to the part of Namaqualand termed Klipkoppe, the collecting localities being sited in the Namaqualand BrokenVeld and the Mountain Renosterbosveld of Acocks (1953).
Floral associations.Wahlenbergia spp.(Campanulaceae).Nesting.Unknown.Diagnosis.Medium to large (4.4-5.3 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Both sexes with thorax and gaster subshiny with coarse punctures; scutellum only gently convex medially.Female with scutellum with pair of pale streaks laterally (in some females joined medially) and lamella pale.Male with mandible white and tip ferruginous; labrum and clypeus wholly white; antennal club with last three fl agellomeres black both dorsally and ventrally, markedly set off in colour from rest of antenna; frons with large median white marking and with ocular sinus either maculate or immaculate; sternumVII densely set with short, fi ne setae and apically with fringe of longer setae.

Quartinia setositerminalis
Description.Female (Figs 70, 72, 74): Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: underside of scape, pedicel, proximal fl agellomeres and of more proximal fl agellomeres of club (if not ferruginous); pronotal dorsum and minute spot at postero-dorsal angle  of same; large humeral spot; tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral streaks on scutellum (in some specimens broadly fused postero-medially); scutellar lamella (in some specimens narrowly interrupted medially); posterior bands (almost reaching sides and progressively reduced) on terga I -V; apex of femur and most of tibia of all legs; all but last tarsomere of mid and hind legs.Th e following are ferruginous: mandible (except base); underside of more proximal of fl agellomeres of club (if not yellowish-white); lateral streaks on scutellum (if reduced and not yellowish-white); scutellar lamella medially (if yellowish-white interrupted); tegula medially; sides of tergum I; broad band between posterior yellowish-white band and black base on terga II -V; entire tergum VI; sterna variously; all tarsomeres of fore leg; last tarsomere of mid and hind leg.Wings lightly browned; veins brown.Length 5.1-5.3mm (average of 3: 5.2 mm); length of front wing 3.2-3.3mm (average of 3: 3.3 mm); hamuli 4-5.
Mesosoma subshiny with coarse punctures, on the pronotum partly subconfl uent and separated by less than their diameter, on the centre of the mesoscutum and on the scutellum separated by their diameter or more; interstices minutely microreticulate (shagreened).Tegula with inner posterior corner markedly inwardly produced.Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Scutellum medially evenly and gently convex.
Male (Figs 71,73,75,76): Black.Th e following are yellowish-white: mandible (except tip); labrum; clypeus; large marking on lower half of frons immediately above clypeus; macula (variously developed: large, reduced, absent) in ocular sinus; scape (except for small brown streak dorsally), pedicel; proximal fl agellomeres and fi rst two fl agellomeres of club; anterior margin of pronotum (carried down to humeral angle) and small spot on postero-dorsal angle of same; small triangular spot at top of mesopleuron; tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral streaks on scutellum; scutellar lamella (medially interrupted with ferruginous or black); posterior bands (not reaching sides and progressively reduced) on terga I -VI; distal two thirds of underside and distal half of upper side of fore femur; apex of mid and hind femur; most of tibia of all legs (except for posterior and ventral black streaks.Th e following are ferruginous: mandibular tip; tegula medially; propodeal angle laterally (in one specimen only); declivous aspect of tergum I (if not black); varying amounts of ground colour of terga II -IV (if not black) and all of ground colour of terga V -VII; all sterna; tarsomeres (progressively darker with ultimate tarsomere dark brown).Wings lightly browned; veins brown.
Gaster with tergum VII with a short, median V-shaped slit; lobes fl anking slit rounded.Sterna atuberculate; sternum VII densely set with short, fi ne setae and apically with fringe of longer setae.
Etymology.Th e name setositerminalis draws attention to the characteristically densely setose last visible sternum of the male.
Geographic distribution.Known from the north-western part of the Northern Cape (Namaqualand; winter rainfall region), the collecting localities being sited in the Namaqualand BrokenVeld and the Mountain Renosterbosveld of Acocks (1953), and from the adjoining Western Cape of South Africa, in Macchia (Fynbos).
Nesting.Unknown.Discussion.Sympatric with the generally similar looking frontalis, scutellaris and vagepunctata.Diagnosis.Medium to large (4.2-4.6 mm).Fore wing with Cu1a and 2m-cu complete and as thick as other veins.Tegula with posterior inner corner moderately inwardly produced.Both sexes with thorax fi nely microsculptured and with obvious coarse punctures, semi-matt; gaster very fi nely punctured, shiny.Scutellum black with light yellowish-ferruginous lamella.
Tergum VII with disk markedly depressed, its profi le in side view slightly concave; apico-medially with a narrow V-shaped slit; lobes fl anking slit acute, narrowly rounded.Sterna atuberculate.
Etymology.Named for the town Upington, in close proximity of which the species was collected.
Geographic distribution.Known only from the type locality at the interface of the Orange River Broken Veld and the Karahari Th ornveld and Shrub Bushveld of Acocks (1953).
Nesting.Unknown.Th is common and widely distributed species shows a considerable variation in colour pattern within a population at any particular locality as well as, in some instances, consistent variations between populations from diff erent localities.Th is is particularly evident in the males but applies to a lesser extent also to the females.In the descriptions below specimens from the population at 15 km N of Nieuwoudtville on the road to Loeriesfontein [Skuinshoogte Pass] are chosen as representing the "norm" for the following reasons: the females most closely accord with the redescription of females by Richards (1962: 169); the sample size is large; females and males from the sample, submitted to Carpenter in1990 were determined by him as vagepunctata; and the locality is where the nesting was studied (Gess and Gess, 1992).Deviations from the characters as expressed in this population are noted, giving the localities at which the deviant specimens occurred.

Quartinia vagepunctata von Schulthess
Description.Female (previously described) (Figs 84,86,88).Th e specimens from Skuinshoogte are in accord with the redescription of females by Richards.One of the localities from which Richards had material, "Doorn R. Falls", is the same as the presently recorded "Doringrivier N of Nieuwoudtville" and "Nieuwoudtville Falls, 5 km N of Nieuwoudtville" and is a mere seven kilometres in a direct line from the Skuinshoogte site.
In contrast to typical females, females from N of Annis River, in accord with the males from that locality, have the propodeal angles and the greater part of the gaster ferruginous.Females from 16 km S of Rosh Pinah in Namibia are of similar appearance.However, females from Springbok and Anenous are of intermediate coloration.

84 85 86 87 88 89 90 from
N of Annis River further reduced or totally absent); marking of variable size and form medially on lower half of frons (in specimens from Skuinshoogte wedge-, hourglass-or mushroom-shaped, mostly but not always rising from clypeo-frontal suture; in specimens from N of Annis River varying from an upwardly widened, tri-pointed, crown-like shape extending to upper level of ocular sinus to, at its greatest reduction, a number of disorientated small spots); small streak (in some specimens ferruginous or totally eff aced) margining bottom of ocular sinus; scape, pedicel and underside of proximal fl agellomeres; pair of medially separated triangular markings on anterior margin of pronotum joined to or separated from marking of variable size on humeral angle; postero-dorsal angle; spot at top of mesopleuron; tegula anteriorly and posteriorly; pair of small spots (in some specimens fused, in others much reduced to totally absent) postero-medially on scutellum); scutellar lamella (in all specimens from N of Annis River; pale colour well developed, reduced or absent in specimens from Skuinshoogte); posterior bands (becoming progressively shorter and narrower) on terga I -VI; apex of femur, dorsal surface of tibia, proximal tarsomeres of all legs.Th e following are various shades of ferruginous: apical half of mandible; labrum (generally but see exception above); antero-lateral regions of clypeus (in some specimens only); distal fl agellomeres (particularly on underside); tegula medially; propodeal angles (in specimens from N of Annis River, betw.Annis and Dabie Rivers, Springbok, Anenous, Klipfontein,Wildeperdehoek and Nuwerus but not or at most barely indicated in a few specimens from Skuinshoogte); lateral regions of terga I -VI including lateral extremities of posterior bands (to varying extent in specimens from Skuinshoogte; more extensive in specimens from N of Annis River and from betw.♀♀ (4 ♀♀ visiting yellow fl s with white bracts of Helichrysum herniarioides DC, Asteraceae; 1 ♀ visiting yellow fl s of Tripteris microcarpa Harv., Asteraceae ); same locality, 14.x.2000 (F.W. and S. K. Gess), 1 ♀ (visiting yellow fl s of Tripteris microcarpa); same locality, 15.x.2000 (F.W. and S. K. Gess), 4 ♀♀ (visiting yellow fl s with white bracts of Helichrysum herniarioides) -[all AMG].SOUTH AFRICA: NORTHERN CAPE: 24 km N of Annis River crossing by road to Sendelingsdrif (28.14S 16.55E), 21.ix.1997(F.W. and S. K. Gess), 65 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂ (visiting yellow fl s with white bracts of Helichrysum herniarioides); on r[oa]d to Richtersveld N[ational] P[ark] bet.Annis and Dabie R[ivers] (28.20S 16.55E), 19.ix.1997 (F.W. and S. K. Gess), 1 ♂ (visiting yellow fl s of Leysera tenella DC, Asteraceae); 12 Mi[les]W [of ] Steinkopf [29.