Two new species of Pambolus ( Hymenoptera , Braconidae ) from Jamaica

Pambolus albospina sp. n. and Pambolus rastafari sp. n. are described from Jamaica. Pambolus rastafari can be distinguished from all other Neotropical species of the genus by its antennal color pattern and the smooth sculpture of the head and mesoscutum. Pambolus albospina is morphologically close to P. hemitaeniatus van Achterberg, from which it can be distinguished by the number of white antennal segments and the sculpture on the first metasomal tergite. These two new species constitute the first records of the genus for the Caribbean Islands.


Introduction
Pambolus Haliday is a braconid genus with 42 currently valid species from all biogeographic regions (Yu et al. 2005).It has been included in the subfamily Hormiinae (Whitfield and Wharton 1997) or in the small subfamily Pambolinae ( van Achterberg 1995;Braet and van Achterberg 2003; van Achterberg and Braet 2004;Yu et al. 2005).In this paper we follow the latter classification since Whitfield and Wharton's (1997) concept of Hormiinae includes a heterogeneous array of genera and does not represent a natural group as revealed by a previous phylogenetic study of the cyclostome subfamilies of Braconidae (Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2006).Currently, two subgenera are recognized within Pambolus, the typic subgenus includes all species with reduced wings, whereas Phaenodus gathers all macropterous forms (Braet and van Achterberg 2003).
In the Neotropical Region, Pambolus includes 12 described mainland species that are distributed from Honduras to northern Argentina (Yu et al. 2005).Specimens of Pambolus are fairly commonly observed in hymenopteran samples, though its species are not particularly abundant (Shaw and Huddelston 1991).Nine of the twelve recognized Neotropical species were described based on single females, and only one, P. hebes Papp, is known from both sexes (Papp 1996).The biology of species of Pambolus is largely unknown.Shaw and Huddelston (1991) report that a European species of Pambolus has been associated with chrysomelids (Coleoptera), although this information needs to be confirmed.The aim of this work is to describe two new species of Pambolus recently collected in Jamaica, which represent the first records of the genus for the Caribbean Islands.

Methods
Specimens were collected using yellow pan traps at two localities in Jamaica.
Morphological terminology follows Sharkey and Wharton (1997), surface sculpture terminology follows Harris (1979).Descriptions of the new species are organized following the basic format of recent descriptions of Pambolus species (Braet and van Achterberg 2003;van Achterberg and Braet 2004) in order to facilitate comparisons.Photographs were taken and edited using a Leica® Z16 APO-A stereoscopic microscope, a Leica® DFC295/DFC290 HD camera, and the Leica Application Suite® program.DNA Barcode sequences [~650 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA gene; Hebert et al. 2003] were generated for specimens of the two new species using the same DNA extraction and amplification protocols employed by Ceccarelli et al. (in press).

Results
Pambolus albospina sp.n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:19BA7908-B656-4B6E-A661-F9C68582B370http://species-id.net/wiki/Pambolus_albospinaFigures 1-6 Diagnosis.Following the key to Neotropical species (Braet and van Achterberg 2003), the female of this new species runs to P. hemitaeniatus van Achterberg, but differs from the latter and all other Neotropical species of the subgenus Phaenodus by having an entirely smooth first metasomal tergite without striations, and by its entirely white propodeal spines.Males, however, are difficult to relate to those of the other species.They can be distinguished from P. longicornis (Enderlein)-the only neotropical species of the subgenus Phaenodus with known males-also by the color of the propodeal spines and the smooth first metasomal tergite.
Female.Color: Mostly reddish brown (fig.1); scape and base of pedicel pale yellow, apex of pedicel and first five flagellomeres honey yellow, sixth to eleventh flagellomeres gradually darkening from brownish yellow to black, further flagellomeres (12 th to 24 th ) entirely white.Palpi white; lower area of temple, gena, face, clypeus and labrum reddish brown; frons, vertex and upper area of temple orange brown, ocellar triangle darkened.Mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum except propodeal spines, orange brown; pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron darker, rusty brown; propodeal spines entirely white.First metasomal tergite reddish brown, reminder of metasoma brown.Coxae, trochanters and trochatelli white, femora white basally and brown on apical third fourth, tibiae whitish, tarsi light brown.Fore wing with faint infuscate bands, hind wing hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown, except vein r-m and junction of veins 2RS and 2M, which are not pigmented.
Head: Antenna (fig.5) with 24 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 1.1 times longer than second, first and second flagellomeres 5.5 and 5.0 times longer than their maximum width respectively.Scapus oblique apically; in dorsal view (fig.3) length of eyes 1.9 times temple; POL 1.5 times OD and 0.7 times OOL; in dorsal view width of head 1.7 times its maximum length; face flattened and clypeus weakly convex in lateral view; face (fig.2) weakly coriaceous near toruli, turning smooth near clypeus; clypeus largely smooth; anterior tentorial pit big and circular; frons, vertex and temple rugulose; gena smooth and shining (fig.4); malar space 1.5 times basal width of mandible; occipital carina complete, meeting hypostomal carina ventrally.
Metasoma: Length of first tergite 0.7 times its apical width, its median area well delimited by carinae but entirely smooth, lateral areas also smooth (fig.3); second metasomal tergum with a few basal striations, otherwise smooth, remaining terga completely smooth; combined length of second and third tergites as long as their maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.4 times the length of metasoma.
Male Similar to female, except for its slightly lighter body color and its much longer antennae, with 31 flagellomeres, five apical flagellomeres entirely white.
Etymology.The specific epithet refers to the white propodeal spines of this species.Material examined.Holotype female: Jamaica, Trelawny, Windsor, 18.35752, -76.66406, 82m, 19-21.xi.2010, yellow pan traps, F. S. Ceccarelli col.GenBank accession no.JQ268751.(CNIN IB-UNAM) Paratypes: three males, Jamaica, Saint Andrew, New Castle, 18.06840, -76.7119, 860m, 11.xi.2010(Braet and van Achterberg 2003;van Achterberg and Braet 2004), P. rastafari runs to couplet three due to the presence of a white basal antennal band; however, it can easily be distinguished from P. duplotaeniatus van Achterberg, P. granulatus van Achterberg and P. microstriatus van Achterberg by the basal white band being composed of a single white flagellomere.The three aforementioned species have a white band composed of at least three flagellomeres.This new species also differs from the above three species by its entirely smooth and polished head and mesoscutum.
Female.Color: Mostly chestnut brown (fig.7); palpi, pedicel, second flagellomere, coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, all femora and all tibiae basally ivory white; flagellomeres beyond 12 th and fore tarsus light brown; annellus of first flagellomere and apex of all trochantelli distinctly orange-brown; wings almost entirely infuscate, with subhyaline areas at junction of veins 2RS and 2M and along vein r-m; remaining veins light brown.
Head: Antenna broken, 13 flagellomeres remaining, first flagellomere 1.2 times longer than second, first and second flagellomeres 5.0 and 3.9 times longer than their maximum width, respectively.Scapus oblique apically.In dorsal view (fig.9) length of eyes 1.9 times the length of temple; POL as long as OD and 0.4 times OOL; in dorsal view width of head 0.6 times its median length; face rather flattened and clypeus weakly convex in lateral view (fig.10); face smooth and setose (fig.8); clypeus smooth; anterior tentorial pit big and circular; frons smooth and slightly concave; vertex, tem- ple and gena also smooth and shining; malar space 2.0 times basal width of mandible; occipital carina complete, strongly developed, meeting hypostomal carina ventrally.
Wings: Wings densely setose.Fore wing (fig.Metasoma: Length of first tergite 0.8 times its apical width, its median area wide and coarsely longitudinally striate (fig.13), lateral areas smooth; remaining terga completely smooth and shining; combined length of second and third tergites as long as their maximum width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.4-0.5 times the length of metasoma. Male.Unknown.
Etymology.The specific epithet refers to the religious and social movement from Jamaica.

Diagnosis.
Following the keys to Neotropical species of Pambolus