Corresponding author: Mao-Ling Sheng (
Academic editor: S. Schmidt
An enigmatic taxon collected in China is described as
The speciose family
Two of the authors (M-LS and S-PS) received a single specimen of a distinctive ichneumonid collected in Jiangxi province, P.R. China. Unfortunately, further fieldwork by M-LS and S-PS in the type locality has failed to uncover any further specimens. This specimen proved very difficult to place in any subfamily, with a combination of character states that could almost equally feasibly place it in
For the phylogenetic analyses, codings were based on the matrix of
The character codings for
Character 92. Dorsal face (0) lacking a bifurcate carina between the antennal sockets (
Character 93. Antenna length (0) normal, at least 0.8× length of fore wing; (1) short, only about 0.65-0.7× length of fore wing.
Both of these characters were coded as ‘0’ for other taxa in
We have also made some changes to the character codings employed by
Phylogenetic analyses were carried out in TNT 1.1 (
SEM images of uncoated specimens were taken using a Leo 1455VP low vacuum scanning electron microscope. Photographs of
Character codings for
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | |
|
1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? |
|
1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | |
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | |
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | n/a | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
|
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | ||||||||
|
? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 1 | 1 | |||||||
|
? | ? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ? | 1 | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 |
With characters unordered and unweighted, 12 trees of length 240 were found; the strict consensus is shown in
In these analyses, the monophyly of
Morphological characters and URIs to concepts in the
Label | URI |
---|---|
abscissa |
|
antenna, antennae |
|
antennal sockets |
|
anterior tentorial pits |
|
apical teeth |
|
area |
|
areolet |
|
bifurcate carina (upper face) |
|
body |
|
bulla |
|
carina, carinae |
|
clypeus |
|
clypeal suture |
|
clypeal fovea |
|
edge |
|
epicnemial carina |
|
epomia |
|
eye |
|
face |
|
first tergum |
|
first sternum |
|
flagellomere, flagellomeres |
|
fore wing |
|
fore tarsal claw |
|
fourth flagellomere |
|
frons |
|
gena |
|
glymma, glymmae |
|
head |
|
hind tarsal claw |
|
hind coxa |
|
hind femur |
|
hind leg |
|
hind tibia |
|
hind wing |
|
hypopygium |
|
hypostomal carina |
|
inner orbit |
|
interocellar area |
|
labial palpus |
|
labrum |
|
last visible tergum |
|
last flagellomere |
|
lateral lobe |
|
lateral ocellus |
|
lower ovipositor valve |
|
malar space |
|
mandible, mandibles |
|
margin, margins |
|
maxillary palp |
|
median longitudinal suture of mesosternum |
|
median longitudinal carina |
|
mesopleuron |
|
mesoscutum |
|
mesosoma |
|
mesosternum |
|
metapleuron |
|
metasoma |
|
metasternum |
|
mid lobe |
|
mid tarsal claw |
|
notaulus |
|
notch |
|
occipital carina |
|
ocular ocellar line |
|
ovipositor sheath |
|
pleural carina |
|
portion |
|
postero-ocellar line |
|
postscutellum |
|
pronotum |
|
propodeal spiracle |
|
propodeum |
|
pterostigma |
|
puncture, punctures |
|
sculpture |
|
scutellum |
|
second tergum |
|
second valvula |
|
segments |
|
speculum |
|
spiracle |
|
sternaulus |
|
sternum |
|
sternum (second abdominal sternum) |
|
submetapleural carina |
|
subocular sulcus |
|
tarsal claws |
|
tegula |
|
tentorial pits |
|
tergite |
|
tergum, terga |
|
tergum |
|
tergum 3 |
|
tergum 6 |
|
tooth, teeth |
|
tooth |
|
tooth |
|
third tergum |
|
transverse carina (propodeum) |
|
trochantellus of hind leg |
|
trochanter of hind leg |
|
tubercle |
|
upper face |
|
upper tooth (mandible) |
|
vertex |
|
wing |
|
wing venation |
|
Cladogram of selected pimpliformes taxa. Strict consensus of 12 trees of length 240. Apomorphic characters are indicated by black squares, homoplasies by white squares.
Cladogram of selected pimpliformes taxa obtained by reweighting with implied weights, k=3.
Strict consensus of 89 trees resulting from analysis of reduced data matrix (characters 72–93 excluded).
The
An expanded phylogenetic matrix, encompassing the genera of
As the concept of
Antenna short, c. 0.65–0.7× length of fore wing. Male flagellum without tyloids. Mesosoma subcylindric. Occipital carina complete, evenly arched dorsally. Ventrally reaching hypostomal carina well behind base of mandible. Dorsal part of face with a bifurcate carina extending between antennal sockets. Clypeal suture vestigial between clypeal foveae, clypeus faintly convex, apical margin with median tooth or protruberance. Basal portion of mandible wider, strongly narrowed toward apex, teeth sharp, teeth subequal or lower tooth longer than upper tooth. Maxillary palpus with 5 segments, labial palpus with 4 segments. Foramen magnum not expanded laterally. Anterior slope of mid lobe of mesoscutum approximately vertical. Epomia absent. Notaulus long. Epicnemial carina present. Postpectal carina incomplete. Propodeum long, rather cylindrical, longitudinal carinae developed to varying degrees, transverse carinae absent, juxtacoxal carina absent, propodeal spiracle oval. Apex of fore tibia without a tooth on outer side. Fore and hind tibiae each with two spurs. Fore and mid tarsal claws each with either tooth at mid-length or basal lobe, hind tarsal claw large, simple, strongly curved. Hind femur stout, 3.0–3.6× as long as maximally deep. Metasoma subclavate, weakly laterally compressed in distal half. First metasomal segment long, narrow, spiracles anterior to middle, sclerotized part of first sternum extending to middle of tergite or anterior to this. Last visible tergite usually elongate. Hypopygium not elongate. Ovipositor slightly to markedly decurved. Fore wing vein 1
The nine described
Clypeus nearly flat in lateral view, about 2.2 × as wide as high in anterior view (
The name of the new genus is based on the short antenna and ovipositor sheath. The gender is feminine.
Holotype female, CHINA: Guanshan, 430 m, Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province, 20 April 2009, leg. Ling-Li Yi and Yi Li (GSFPM).
Habitus:
Face approximately flat, 1.4 × as wide as long, with even punctures, distance between punctures 0.2 to 1.0 × diameter of puncture, lateral sides (inner orbit) impunctate and with fine granular texture. Clypeus nearly flat, about 2.2 × as wide as long, with fine, sparse punctures, distance between punctures 2 to 4 × diameter of puncture, apical portion smooth, impunctate. Labrum crescentic, about 0.33 × as long as wide. Malar space with fine leathery texture, without subocular sulcus, approximately 0.4 × as long as basal width of mandible. Gena glossy, with distinct fine punctures, in lateral view approximately 0.66 × as long as width of eye, evenly convergent backward. Posterior portion of vertex with fine punctures, portion between lateral ocellus and eye with fine leathery texture. Interocellar area slightly convex, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Postero-ocellar line approximately as long as ocular-ocellar line. Dorsolateral part of frons with fine punctures, distance between punctures about as long as diameter of puncture; median portion narrowly smooth longitudinally; ventral portion with weak median longitudinal carina reaching to median protuberance of face. Antenna 5 mm, with 20 flagellomeres, ratio of length of flagellomere 1:2:3:4:5 is 5.5:4.0:3.8:3.7:3.4; last flagellomere 3 × as long as wide, approximately as long as fourth flagellomere. Distance from hypostomal carina to mandible about as long as basal width of mandible.
Anterior portion of pronotum with fine longitudinal wrinkles; dorsal portion slightly scabrous; near dorsomedian portion with transverse wrinkles, posterior sections of the wrinkles parallel dorsal margin of pronotum; ventral portion with dense transverse wrinkles. Epomia indistinctly differentiated from strong oblique wrinkles. Mesoscutum with fine punctures; punctures on middle lobe denser than on lateral lobe, distance between punctures 0.2 to 2.5 × diameter of puncture; distance between punctures on lateral lobe 0.5 to 3.5 × diameter of puncture; posterior median portion with longitudinal concave and transverse wrinkles. Scutellum with dense punctures, distance between punctures 0.2 to 0.5 × diameter of puncture. Postscutellum with relatively large, elongate punctures. Lower portion of mesopleuron slightly scabrous, with dense punctures; dorsoanterior portion, in front of subalar prominence, with short longitudinal wrinkles; median portion (anterior to speculum) and ventroposterior portion with short transverse wrinkles. Speculum relatively large. Mesosternum densely punctate. Median longitudinal suture of mesosternum distinct, slightly widening posteriorly. Metapleuron scabrous, with irregular, elongate punctures. Metasternum elongate, approximately 0.6 × as long as mesosternum, with distinct median longitudinal carina and irregular transverse wrinkles. Wing hyaline with slight grey tinge. 2
First tergum approximately 5 × as long as apical width, with longitudinal wrinkles, between wrinkles with punctures; without longitudinal carina; spiracle convex, located at basal 0.42. Second tergum about 2.0 × as long as apical width, slightly widened posteriorly, with sparse, indistinct punctures. Third tergum with even, fine hairs, gradually weaker and indistinct posteriorly. Ovipositor sheath about 0.27 × as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor very slightly compressed.
Black. Ventral, inner orbits, clypeus, stripe passing through anterior tentorial pits, mandible except teeth, yellow; ventral profile of antenna brown to yellowish brown. Labial and maxillary palpi, fore and mid legs, trochantellus of hind leg, hind tarsomeres buff. Apex of hind coxa, ventral profile of trochanter of hind leg, basal and apical portion of hind femur brown. Basal 0.65 of hind tibia dull yellow, fading to dark brown apical 0.35. Tegula dark brown. Hind margins of terga 3 to 6 narrowly yellow. Wing venation, including pterostigma dark brown.
Named after the country, China, where the unique specimen was collected.
A distinctive species with the short, featureless ovipositor, rather massive hind leg, lobate fore and mid claws, short antennae and well-marked facial pattern.
Unfortunately, nothing is known of the biology of
An expanded phylogenetic matrix, encompassing the genera of
Propodeum of
. Head, frontal view, of
First tergite
Fore claw
Ovipositor of
Face of
Mesopleuron
We are grateful to Ling-Li Yi and Yi Li for their help in the course of exploration in Jiangxi Province. István Mikó (North Carolina State University) was very helpful in ‘ontologising’ the manuscript, providing the URIs in