Corresponding author: Wojciech J. Pulawski (
Academic editor: Stefan Schmidt
Little is known about the habits of
During my recent expeditions to Australia (Northern Territory, 3 March – 27 April 2008; Western Australia, 14 October – 13 December 2008; New South Wales, 1 December 2009 – 15 January 2010; South Australia, 1 December 2010 – 4 February 2011), I collected six new species of
Specimens of
The morphological terminology follows
Abbreviations in the text include:
Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Australian National Insect Collection (CSIRO), Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
The Natural History Museum (formerly British Museum Natural History), London, United Kingdom.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA.
Michael Ohl, Berlin, Germany (personal collection).
Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.
Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia.
West MacDonnell National Park, Northern Territory, Australia.
The holotype has typical gorytine characters (
In his key to world genera of
Prey of
1. Frons: 0, fully setose. 1, with glabrous scapal basin.
2. Occipital carina: 0, not reaching hypostomal carina. 1, reaching hypostomal carina.
3. Scape: 0, not shortened, length (without radix) at least 1.8 × width. 1, shortened, length about 1.3 × width (
4. Length of flagellomere I: 0, at least 1.7 × apical width. 1, about 1.3–1.5 × apical width. 2, about equal to apical width. 3, about 0.8 × apical width.
5. Mandible, inner margin: 0, without tooth at midlength of inner margin. 1, with tooth at midlength of inner margin (
6. Mesopleuron: 0, rounded anteriorly. 1, abruptly angular below pronotal lobe.
7. Mesothoracic venter (shape): 0, inconspicuously concave. 1, conspicuously concave.
8. Mesothoracic venter (sculpture): 0, densely punctate. 1, sparsely punctate.
9. Propodeal dorsum (setae): 0, all setose. 1, median sulcus glabrous. 2, median sulcus and adjacent area glabrous. 3, all enclosure (or nearly so) glabrous.
10. Presence of spine or tubercle behind propodeal spiracle: 0, spine or tubercle absent. 1, present (the spine in
11. Posterior propodeal surface: 0, without medioventral carina. 1, with medioventral carina.
12. Divergence of forewing vein M from M+Cu: 0, diverging distad of cu-a or interstitial with cu-a. 1, diverging basad of cu-a.
13. First recurrent vein: 0, ending on second submarginal cell (
14. Hindtibial outer surface: 0, all or largely punctate and setose (at least sparsely so). 1, impunctate and asetose between spines in dorsal half or along dorsal margin, at least in apical half.
15. Basolateral carina of tergum I: 0, not expanded. 1, expanded into lamella.
16. Setae: 0, appressed. 1, erect or suberect on upper frons, gena, vertex, mesothorax, hindcoxal venter, and hindfemoral venter (
17. Color of gaster: 0, gaster all or largely black 1, gaster all or largely red (
18. Presence of yellow fasciae on gaster: 0, fasciae absent. 1, fasciae present.
19. Male flagellum (number of flagellomeres): 0, with 11 flagellomeres. 1, with 10 flagellomeres (10 flagellomeres are found in all
20. Male flagellum (shape): 0, flagellomeres all cylindrical. 1, flagellomeres I–VI convex ventrally (
21. Male flagellum (color): 0, black or dark brown or reddish brown ventrally. 1, at least flagellomeres VIII and IX yellow (
22. Mesopleural precoxal carina of male: 0, low, obtuse. 1, projecting as spine.
23. Male metanotum: 0, simple. 1, with median spine or tubercle (
24. Male propodeum(presence of spine or tubercle behind spiracle): 0, spine or tubercle absent. 1, spine or tubercle present (the tubercle in
25. Male forecoxa and foretrochanter: 0, not modified. 1, modified.
26. Male femora, tibiae, and tarsi: 0, not modified. 1, modified (
27. Male midfemur: 0, convex ventrally, not carinate. 1, slightly concave ventrally, with obtuse carina along both anterior and posterior margin (
28. Male hindfemur: 0, without process. 1, with ventral preapical process (
29. Outer surface of male hindtibia (shape): 0, not swollen. 1, swollen in basal third or so (
30. Transverse swelling on male sternum II: 0, absent or rudimentary. 1, well defined.
31. Tergum VII: 0, without basolateral tooth. 1, with basolateral tooth (
32. Longitudinal carina on male sternum II: 0, carina absent. 1, carina present in basal half (
33. Male sternum VIII (apex): 0, not emarginate apicomesally. 1, emarginate apicomesally.
34. Male sternum VIII (apicolateral emargination): 0, absent. 1, present (
35. Gonocoxite: 0, with simple, short setae. 1, with elaborate, setal fringes (
36. Volsella: 0, minimal to absent. 1, present, about half length of penis valve. 2, present, about as long as penis valve.
37. Penis valve: 0, not dentate. 1, dentate.
The following data matrix (
Character States of
Species | Characters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
0000000000 | 1000000000 | 0000000000 | 0010000 |
|
0000000000 | 1000100000 | 0001000000 | 0000000 |
|
0102000011 | 1110000010 | 0000000000 | 0001001 |
|
1002100031 | 0010000100 | 0001000000 | 0000120 |
|
1001100030 | 0014001001 | 0000000001 | 0011120 |
|
1002100031 | 0011010000 | 0011000101 | 0000120 |
|
1002100130 | 0011001000 | 0100000000 | 0100120 |
|
0012011120 | 0110100100 | 0000100000 | 0011011 |
|
1001100030 | 0014001000 | 0010000001 | 0011120 |
|
1001100031 | 0010001000 | 0011010001 | 0010120 |
|
1002100031 | 0011000100 | 1101001001 | 0000120 |
|
1002100131 | 0011001000 | 0010000001 | 0000120 |
|
1002100030 | 0011000000 | 0010000000 | 0000120 |
|
1003100120 | 0011001100 | 0000000000 | 0011020 |
|
1002100131 | 0010000000 | 0001001011 | 0000120 |
|
1002100030 | 0001000001 | 1010001001 | 0010120 |
The above data matrix was analyzed using the Willi Hennig Society edition of TNT (
Strict consensus cladogram of the species of
Width of face across clypeus and vertex in female = 60:46–50, least interocular distance 44–45; in male 60:48, and 42, respectively. Orbital fovea well defined, in female about as wide as 0.8 × ocellocular distance, in male not quite half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, slightly angulate laterally; medioventral asetose area narrow, extending to about clypeal midlength in female (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, concealing integument on clypeus (except mesoventrally), on frons ventrolaterally, mesopleuron, and mesothoracic venter, forming apical fasciae on terga. Hindfemoral ventral and inner (= posterior) surfaces asetose (except inner surface setose preapically).
Head, thorax, and propodeum black, with the following exceptions: clypeus reddish mesoventrally, mandible reddish (dark brown apically), scape yellow (dark dorsally), flagellum brown dorsally, light brown ventrally, pronotal lobe pale yellow. Forefemur reddish anteriorly, pale yellow posteroventrally and apically, black dorsally; midfemur reddish brown anteriorly and posteriorly, yellow ventrally, narrowly black dorsally; hindfemur reddish brown, yellow apically, black dorsally; tibiae yellow dorsally, reddish brown ventrally; tarsi reddish brown. Gaster reddish brown.
Female. Forebasitarsus with four rake spines, apical spine of foretarsomere III about equal to apical basitarsal width. Pygidial plate with punctures that are about one diameter apart. Length 5.4–5.5 mm.
Male. Posterior mandibular margin slightly concave between base and notch. Dorsal length of flagellomere I 1.5 × apical width; flagellomeres I–IV convex ventrally (
(
Collecting locality of
The male of
Male. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:52, least interocular distance 40. Orbital fovea well defined, about half as wide as ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus (except glabrous ventral portion of median lobe) and frons (except for glabrous scapal basin), not concealing integument on mesopleuron or mesothoracic venter, forming apical fasciae on terga I–IV. Hindfemoral venter and inner (= posterior) surface asetose.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are pale yellow: scape, pedicel, mandible (except apically), and pronotal lobe, whereas glabrous portion of clypeal lobe brown, and flagellum yellowish brown (darkened dorsally on at least basal half). Forefemur reddish brown dorsally, yellow ventrally and apically; midfemur reddish brown except yellow apically and ventrally in distal half; hindfemur reddish brown except yellow apically; foretibia yellow on outer side, reddish brown on inner side; mid- and hindtibiae varying from mostly pale yellow to mostly reddish brown; foretarsus reddish brown; mid- and hindtarsi pale yellow except apical tarsomere dark brown. Gaster reddish brown except terga III–VI or IV–V with black basal spots that may be interrupted mesally.
Posterior mandibular margin not expanded between base and notch, inner margin without tooth near midlength (
Female. Unknown.
(
Collecting localities of
The female of
Female. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:57, least interocular distance 40 or 46. Orbital fovea ill defined, about as wide as half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus and frons (on scapal basin markedly shorter than on remaining frons, not concealing integument), not so on mesopleuron, mesothoracic venter, and pygidial plate. Hindfemoral venter setose only basally, inner (= posterior) surface of hindfemur setose (
Head, thorax, propodeum, and gaster black except scape, mandible basally (black apically), and pronotal lobe pale yellow; flagellum black dorsally, brown ventrally. Femora black, pale yellow apically, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, apical tarsomeres yellowish brown.
Forebasitarsus with four rake spines, apical spine of foretarsomere III about equal to apical basitarsal width. Pygidial plate with punctures that are more than one diameter basally, less than one diameter apart apically. Length 4.8–6.1 mm.
Male. Unknown.
(
Like
Female. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:50, least interocular distance 37. Orbital fovea well defined, slightly wider than half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally. Scapal basin sparsely punctate (punctures averaging several diameters apart). Length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.8 × width, length equal to flagellomeres I–V combined. Scutal and mesopleural punctures averaging about one diameter apart (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus and frons (on scapal basin markedly shorter than on remaining frons, not concealing integument), not so on mesopleuron and mesothoracic venter, nearly completely concealing integument on pygidial plate. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) surface asetose in ventral half.
Head (including flagellum), thorax, propodeum, and gaster black except the following are pale yellow: scape (black dorsally), basal half of mandible (apical half brown), and pronotal lobe. Femora black, pale yellow apically (hindfemur narrowly so), tibiae and tarsi pale yellow.
Forebasitarsus with five rake spines, apical spine of foretarsomere III minimally shorter than apical basitarsal width. Pygidial plate with punctures that are about one diameter apart basally, less than one diameter apart apically. Length 4.5 mm.
Male. Unknown.
(
The female of
The male of
Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:52, least interocular distance 50 in female, in male, respectively, 60:58 and 40. Orbital fovea ill defined, about as wide as half ocellocular distance in female, less than that in male. Inner eye margin markedly bowed out toward frons midline (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus (except glabrous ventral portion of median lobe), on frons lateroventrally (on scapal basin markedly shorter than on remaining frons and not concealing integument in female, absent in male), on mesopleuron, and in female on mesothoracic venter (not so in male); in female setae of pygidial plate light brown, not concealing integument. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) face setose except asetose along dorsal margin in male.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are pale yellow: scape (only ventrally in male), mandible basally (black apically), and pronotal lobe; flagellum black dorsally, brown ventrally in female, brown dorsally and yellow ventrally in male (dark brown basally, light brown apically, flagellomeres X–XIII all light brown). Color of legs and gaster: see below.
Female. Forebasitarsus with four rake spines, apical spine of foretarsomere III about equal to 0.7 × apical basitarsal width. Pygidial plate with punctures that are more than one diameter basally, less than one diameter apart apically. Length 7.4 mm. Forefemur black basally, yellow apically, mid- and hindfemora reddish brown, yellow apically; foretibia reddish brown on inner surface, yellow on outer surface; midtibia reddish brown except yellow apically; hindtibia reddish brown; forebasitarsus yellowish brown, foretarsomeres II–V brown; mid- and hindtarsi reddish brown. Gastral terga I and VI reddish brown, tergum II reddish brown with black basomedian spot, terga III and V black except reddish brown apically, tergum IV black
Male. Posterior mandibular margin angulate between base and notch, concave adjacent to notch (
(
The female of
Female. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:55–58, least interocular distance 28. Orbital fovea narrow, about one quarter width of ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, angulate laterally. Scapal basin punctate, punctures less than one diameter apart. Length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.3–2.4 × width, length equal to flagellomeres I–IV combined. Mesopleuron without transverse crest or tubercle in front of midcoxa; mesothoracic venter conspicuously depressed, densely punctate mesally (punctures about one diameter apart, up to several diameters apart sublaterally). Metanotum without median tubercle or crest. Propodeum without spine or tubercle behind spiracle; side ridged; posterior surface sculptured mesodorsally and mesoventrally. Outer surface of hindtibia with small setiferous punctures, glabrous adjacent to dorsal margin (except in basal half). Tergal punctures (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus and lower frons (on scapal basin markedly shorter than on remaining frons, not concealing integument), not concealing integument on mesopleuron, mesothoracic venter, and pygidial plate. Propodeal dorsum setose except median sulcus and adjacent area glabrous, entire enclosure glabrous anteriorly. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) face asetose in ventral portion (up to half width mesally).
Head (including flagellum), thorax, propodeum, and gaster black except scape and pronotal lobe pale yellow. Femora either black, brown at very apex, or largely reddish brown; tibiae either light brown, yellow at very apex, or all pale yellow; tarsi yellowish brown. Gaster black in specimens from Calperum Station, with the following reddish brown: basal concavity of tergum I largely, narrow preapical stripes on terga, and tergum VI; in specimen from
Forebasitarsus with four rake spines, apical spine of foretarsomere III equal to 1.25 × of apical basitarsal width. Pygidial plate with punctures that are more than one diameter apart except less than one diameter apart near apex. Length 5.3–5.5 mm.
Male. Unknown.
(
Collecting localities of
Females and most males of
The male of
Width of face across clypeus and vertex in female = 60:50–52, least interocular distance 47–48; in male 60:50, and 45, respectively. Orbital fovea well defined, in female more than half ocellocular distance, in male not quite half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, rounded laterally in female (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, concealing integument on clypeus and pronotal collar, concealing integument from most angles on lower frons (except for glabrous scapal basin), mesopleuron, and mesothoracic venter, forming apical fasciae on terga. Hindfemoral ventral and inner (= posterior) surfaces asetose (except inner surface setose preapically).
Head, thorax, and propodeum black in most specimens with the following exceptions: clypeus reddish brown ventrally (narrowly so on lateral lobes); mandible yellow basally, dark brown apically; scape yellow (black dorsally), all black in female from Heathlands, Queensland; flagellum reddish brown at least ventrally (all reddish brown in specimens from Victoria River Roadhouse); thorax and propodeum reddish brown to varying degree in several specimens from WMNP (only scutum black in one female). Forefemur in most females black basally, yellow apically, in most males yellow, with black spot in basal three quarter of length on posterior surface (black replaced by reddish brown in most females and single male from WMNP, forefemur all reddish brown in one female from there); midfemur in most females reddish brown anteriorly and black posteriorly, except yellow apically and ventrally in distal half or third, in most males yellow anteriorly and ventrally, reddish brown posteriorly, dark brown dorsally (midfemur all reddish brown in specimens from WMNP, all black in female from Heathlands); hindfemur in most females reddish brown except black dorsally and yellow at very apex, in most males reddish brown except yellow apically and dark brown on posterior (= inner) surface in distal half, also dorsally in some specimens (hindfemur all reddish brown in specimens from WMNP except yellow apically in single male, all black in female from Heathlands); tibiae yellow (foretibia dark brown on ventral surface, mid- and hindtibiae dark brown on posterior surface); tarsi yellow in most specimens (apical tarsomeres reddish brown, brown in specimen from Heathlands), reddish brown in females from WMNP. Gaster all reddish brown in specimens from WMNP, but terga II and III largely black mesally and terga IV and V (IV–VI in male) black except laterally in those from Gregory National Park and Maud River, and only tergum I reddish brown in specimen from Heathlands; apical depressions of terga II–V (II–VI in male) reddish brown.
Female. Pygidial plate with punctures that are less than one diameter apart in apical half or third (
Male. Posterior mandibular margin conspicuously expanded near base (
A collecting site near Timber Creek in Gregory National Park where most specimens of
In specimens from Queensland and from Gregory National Park and Maud River, Northern Territory, the basolateral carina of tergum I is continued mesad by a short, oblique carina, in the female the glabrous, apicomedian portion of the clypeus is convex, the femora are darker, while the male forebasitarsus has a lamellar, translucent expansion on the outer margin in the distal half. In specimens from WMNP, the additional tergal carina is absent, the apicomedian portion of the female clypeus is concave, the legs are more reddish brown, and the male forebasitarsus is not expanded on the outer margin. In females from Western Australia, the additional basolateral carina on tergum I is absent, the glabrous, apicomedian portion of the clypeus is flat, and the femora are more reddish brown in the specimen from Pardoo Roadhouse area.
(
The male of
Male. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:58, least interocular distance 30. Orbital fovea rudimentary. Clypeal lobe prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, partly concealing integument on clypeus and pronotal collar, concealing integument from most angles on lower frons except for glabrous scapal basin, concealing or not concealing on mesopleuron, not concealing on mesothoracic venter, forming ill-defined apical fasciae on terga I–III. Hindfemoral ventral surface asetose, inner (= posterior) surface setose except ventrally in holotype and specimen from Calperum Station.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are pale yellow: scape, pedicel, mandible (except apically), and pronotal lobe, whereas flagellum is light brown ventrally and light brown to black dorsally. Forefemur black basally (reddish brown in specimen from Cocata Conservation Park), pale yellow apically and in apical half ventrally; midfemur reddish brown basally, pale yellow apically and in apical third ventrally; hindfemur reddish brown, pale yellow apically; tibiae pale yellow, partly reddish brown; forebasitarsus pale yellow (reddish brown on inner surface), remaining article yellowish brown; mid- and hindtarsi pale yellow except apical tarsomeres light brown. Gastral terga I, II, and VII reddish brown, remaining terga reddish brown laterally and on apical depressions, otherwise black.
Posterior mandibular margin not expanded between base and notch, inner margin with obtuse tooth near midlength (
Female. Unknown.
(
The male of
Male. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:58, least interocular distance 44. Orbital fovea ill defined, narrower than half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, obtusely angulate laterally. Scapal basin impunctate. Length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.2 × width, length equal to flagellomeres I–IV + half V combined. Mesopleural punctures less than one diameter apart; impunctate, low tubercle present in front of midcoxa; mesothoracic venter densely punctate throughout (punctures less than one diameter apart). Metanotum with median tubercle. Propodeal side with well-defined ridges; posterior surface ridged mesodorsally, finely rugose mesoventrally, with pair of longitudinal sulci that are converging ventrad (
Setae all silvery except golden beneath midocellus, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus (except glabrous ventral portion of median lobe) and on ventral half of frons laterally (except for glabrous scapal basin), not concealing integument on mesopleuron or mesothoracic venter, not forming well-defined apical fasciae on terga. Hindfemoral venter and inner (= posterior) surface setose.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are pale yellow: scape, part of pedicel, mandible basally (apex dark brown), pronotal lobe, and humeral plate of wing base; flagellum black dorsally, brown ventrally (two apical flagellomeres all brown). Femora black basally, yellow apically; tibiae and tarsi yellow.
Posterior mandibular margin not expanded between base and notch, inner margin with small tooth near midlength. Flagellum cylindrical; dorsal length of flagellomere I about equal to apical width. Propodeum without spine or tubercle behind spiracle. Legs unmodified; forebasitarsus with four rake spines; apical spine of forebasitarsus III as long as apical basitarsal width. Sternum II without transverse swelling, but with low, transverse convexity behind midlength. Sterna III–VII with long, erect setae at bases of apical depressions, sterna V–VII also with erect setae on remaining surface. Sternum VIII punctate and setose along margin, rounded apically. Volsella ending shortly before apex of penis valve. Length 6.4 mm.
Female. Unknown.
(
Collecting localities of
Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:61–62, least interocular distance 30–31 in female, and 60:60 and 36, respectively, in male. Orbital fovea absent. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally. Scapal basin smaller than in other
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, completely concealing integument on clypeus (except medioventrally), lower frons (except scapal basin), and mesopleuron. Glabrous area of propodeal dorsum limited to slightly more than median sulcus. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) surface setose, asetose ventrally.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are yellow: clypeus medioventrally, scape, pedicel, mandible (apical third dark brown), and pronotal lobe; flagellum brown dorsally, yellowish brown ventrally. Forefemur yellow except reddish brown dorsally (light to dark), most of midfemur reddish brown (light to dark), but yellow ventrally and apically, hindfemur reddish brown except yellow apically; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Gaster brownish red, terga with yellow apical bands that are somewhat concealed by appressed vestiture (
Female. Punctures of pygidial plate averaging more than one diameter apart mesally, setae not concealing integument. Forebasitarsus with three or four rake spines; apical spine of foretarsomere III about 1.4 × as long as apical basitarsal width. Length 4.2–4.9 mm.
Male. Posterior mandibular margin not expanded between base and notch. Flagellum cylindrical; dorsal length of flagellomere I 0.8 × apical width. Legs unmodified; forebasitarsus with four rake spines; apical spine of forebasitarsus III as long as apical basitarsal width. Sternum II without transverse swelling; apex of sternum IV and all sterna V–VIII with dense, erect setae; sternum VIII flat, all punctate, shallowly emarginate apically (
(
The male of
Male. Width of face across clypeus and vertex = 60:58, least interocular distance 35. Orbital fovea well defined, narrower than half ocellocular distance. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally. Scapal basin impunctate except punctate along inner margin. Length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.8 × width, length equal to flagellomeres I–V combined. Flagellomeres cylindrical. Mesopleuron with convexity in front of midcoxa; mesothoracic venter sparsely punctate on each side of median zone (punctures several diameters apart). Metanotum with small median tooth. Propodeal side ridged; posterior surface ridged both mesodorsally and medioventrally. Outer surface of hindtibia sparsely punctate and setose between spines. Tergum I concave basally.
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, nearly completely concealing integument on clypeus (except glabrous ventral portion of median lobe) and on ventral half of frons laterally (scapal basin glabrous), largely concealing integument on mesopleuron and mesothoracic venter, not forming apical fasciae on terga. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) surface setose except asetose along ventral margin in basal half.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except the following are pale yellow: scape ventrally, pedicel apically, mandible (except apically), and pronotal lobe, whereas flagellum is black dorsally and brown ventrally. Forefemur black, pale yellow in apical third; foretibia and foretarsus pale yellow; midfemur reddish brow, black basoventrally, pale yellow apically; midtibia reddish brown, pale yellow basally and apically; midtarsus pale yellow, apical tarsomere brown; hindfemur reddish brown, black basally; hindtibia reddish brown; hindtarsus yellow, apical tarsomere brown. Gaster black except tergum I and preapical zone on terga II and III reddish brown.
Posterior mandibular margin not expanded between base and notch, inner margin with small tooth near midlength. Flagellum cylindrical; dorsal length of flagellomere I about equal apical width. Propodeal dorsum with spine behind spiracle. Legs unmodified except midtibia slightly curved near basis, hindfemur with small emargination near apex of externoventral (= anteroventral) margin, carinate between ventral and posterior (= inner) surfaces, venter concave; hindtibia thickened on the outer side at about one third length (thickening best seen in dorsal view,
Female. Unknown.
(
Unlike all other
Width of face across clypeus and vertex in female = 60:49–51, least interocular distance 34–35; in male 60:48–51, and 32–33, respectively. Orbital fovea in female well defined but narrow, less than half ocellocular distance, in male varying from well defined (as narrow as in female) to nearly absent. Clypeal lobe only slightly prominent, its free margin arcuate, not angulate laterally. Length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.7 × width in female, 2.8–2.9 × in male, length equal to flagellomeres I–IV combined. Mesopleuron with obtuse, transverse crest in front of midcoxa; mesothoracic venter uniformly densely punctate, punctures about one diameter apart. Metanotum with rudimentary median carina. Propodeal dorsum without spine or tubercle behind spiracle; side finely, densely ridged; posterior surface unsculptured both mesodorsally and mesoventrally. First recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell (
Setae all silvery, appressed on head, thorax, propodeum, and legs, concealing integument on clypeus, large part of frons in female and most of frons in male (except for glabrous scapal basin), largely concealing integument on mesopleuron and mesothoracic venter in female, totally so in male. Hindfemoral venter asetose, inner (= posterior) surface asetose except setose dorsally.
Head, thorax, and propodeum black except scapal venter and pronotal lobe yellow, also mandibular base in female (yellowish in male). See below for color of flagellum, legs, and gaster.
Female. Inner eye orbits nearly parallel between antennal socket and midocellus level (
Male. Flagellomeres I–VI convex ventrally (
(
Listed from three localities by
Known only from the type locality. I have seen one male from South Australia: Calperum Station 14 km WNW Renmark at
Known only from the holotype. I have seen an additional specimen from South Australia: 9 km ESE Taylorville at
In spite of these differences, I consider them to be individual or geographic variants of one species, rather than members of two different species, as they share a number of unique characters: yellow antennae (
Comparison of the two known males of
Western Australia | South Australia | |
---|---|---|
Inner mandibular margin | with inconspicuous tooth | with well-defined tooth (Fig. 24a) |
Precoxal mesopleural tubercle | sharp, prominent | low, inconspicuous |
Lateral margin of tergum VI | swollen | not swollen |
Tergum VII (shape) | broad | narrow (as in |
Tergum VII (punctation) | sparse | denser |
As indicated under Phylogenetic Analysis above,
Like
Unlike
Facial portraits: a
Apical gastral terga: a
Known only from the type locality. I saw three additional specimens from the following localities: Queensland: Dulhunty River 13 km SW Heathland Homestead at
1 | Frons uniformly punctate (Fig. 25a); length of scape (excluding radicle) 1.1–1.3 × maximum width (Fig. 25a); inner mandibular margin without preapical tooth, with two teeth near midlength (Fig. 25a); mesopleuron abruptly angular below pronotal lobe; forewing vein M diverging from M+Cu basad of cu-a; basolateral carina of tergum I expanded into lamella. Female: gena with angular bulge near middle; tergum VI with impunctate, glabrous marginal lamella (Fig. 26a). Male: forecoxa with apical spine, foretrochanter excavated basally | |
– | Frons with impunctate or sparsely to densely punctate scapal basin above each antennal socket (Figs 22b-d); length of scape (excluding radicle) 2.2–2.8 × maximum width (Figs 22b-d); inner mandibular margin with preapical tooth (Figs 22b-d), at most with one obtuse tooth near midlength; mesopleuron rounded anteriorly, not abruptly angulate; forewing vein M diverging from M+Cu distad of cu-a or interstitial with cu-a; basolateral carina of tergum I not expanded into lamella. Female: gena without angular bulge; tergum VI without impunctate, glabrous marginal lamella (Fig. 26b-d). Male: forecoxa and foretrochanter not modified. Genus |
2 |
2 | Upper frons, gena, vertex, mesothorax, hindcoxal venter, and hindfemoral venter with conspicuous, erect or suberect setae (Fig. 27a). Male: hindfemur with conspicuous preapical, ventrally oriented process (Fig. 27b); apex of tergum VII triangular (Fig. 26c). Female: unknown | |
– | Head and thorax with appressed setae, hindcoxal venter and hindfemoral venter with inconspicuous erect setae. Male: hindfemur without preapical process; apex of tergum VII rounded (Figs 4d, 12d, 26d) | 3 |
3 | Females (unknown in |
4 |
– | Males (unknown in |
12 |
4 | Basal concavity of tergum I with punctures almost as large as those on scutum (Fig. 10a,b); mesothoracic venter markedly depressed; glabrous area of propodeal enclosure includes median sulcus and adjacent area | |
– | Basal concavity of tergum I impunctate or with punctures minute or at least smaller than those on scutum; mesothoracic venter inconspicuously depressed; propodeal enclosure all glabrous or nearly so except only median sulcus and adjacent area glabrous in most |
5 |
5 | Gaster all black, without yellow apical bands | 6 |
– | Gaster all or partly red or (in |
7 |
6 | Mesopleuron shiny, punctures averaging about one diameter apart; hindfemoral apex broadened ventrally (Fig. 8b); setae of pygidial plate dense, largely concealing integument | |
– | Mesopleuron dull, interspaces between punctures linear; hindfemoral apex not broadened (Fig. 7b); setae of pygidial plate sparse, integument easily visible (as in Fig. 26b) | |
7 | Gastral terga black, with yellow apical fasciae | |
– | Gastral terga at least partly red, with yellow apical fasciae only in |
8 |
8 | First recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell (Fig. 23); inner eye orbits nearly parallel between antennal socket and below midocellus (Fig. 22a) | |
– | First recurrent vein received by first submarginal cell; inner eye orbits markedly bowed out toward frons midline (Fig. 9a, b) | 9 |
9 | Gastral terga with yellow apical fasciae, partly concealed by setae (Fig. 19e); tegula elongate, with concave inner margin (Fig. 19b); most punctures of pygidial plate more than one diameter apart mesally, setae not concealing integument (Fig. 19c) | |
– | Gastral terga without yellow fasciae; inner margin of tegula not concave; punctures of pygidial plate less than one diameter apart basomedially, setae largely concealing integument | 10 |
10 | Orbital fovea well defined, about as wide as 0.8 × ocellocular distance; clypeus with narrow medioventral glabrous area that extends almost to clypeal midlength; scutal punctures averaging about one diameter apart | |
– | Orbital fovea ill defined, about as wide as half ocellocular distance; glabrous apicoventral area of clypeus broad, not extending to clypeal midlength; scutal punctures less than one diameter apart | 11 |
11 | Hindtibial lateral surface, in dorsal half, with many small punctures and setae between spines | |
– | Hindtibial lateral surface, in dorsal half, impunctate or with a few sparse punctures and setae between spines | |
12 | Sternum VIII with glabrous preapical platform on ventral surface, deeply emarginate apically (Fig. 12e) | 13 |
– | Sternum VIII without glabrous preapical platform on ventral surface, entire apically except slightly emarginate in |
16 |
13 | Posterior mandibular margin slightly concave between base and notch | 14 |
– | Posterior mandibular margin angulate between base and notch (Figs 9c, 13a) | 15 |
14 | First recurrent vein received by first submarginal cell (as in Fig. 17b); antenna brown (light brown ventrally and apically); flagellomeres cylindrical; tergum I with gap between basolateral carina and lateral ridge that delimits basal concavity (Fig. 2c); tergum VII with basolateral tooth on each side (Fig. 2d); transverse swelling of sternum II not bent posterad | |
– | First recurrent vein received by second submarginal cell (Fig. 23); antenna multicolored: flagellomeres I–VI reddish brown, VII black, VIII and IX pale yellow, X and XI brown; flagellomeres I–IV markedly convex ventrally (Fig. 22b, c); tergum I without gap between basolateral carina and lateral ridge that delimits basal concavity; tergum VII without basolateral tooth; transverse swelling of sternum II markedly bent posterad (Fig. 22f) | |
15 | Forefemoral venter roundly expanded subbasally (Fig. 13b), concave anterobasally; inner margin of forebasitarsus concave (Fig. 13c); foretarsomeres II–IV expanded on inner side (Fig. 13c); hindbasitarsus convex on outer margin (Fig. 13f) | |
– | Forefemoral venter not expanded subbasally, not concave anterobasally; inner margin of forebasitarsus straight; foretarsomeres II–IV not expanded on inner side; hindbasitarsus not convex on outer margin | |
16 | Hindtibia in dorsal view thickened at about one third length (Fig. 21a); lateral surface with densely punctate ventral area between thickening and apex, broadening toward tibial apex; lateral surface with two spines on thickening and one spine near apex (Fig. 21a, b) | |
– | Hindtibia not thickened; lateral surface without densely punctate area, with 3–5 evenly spaced spines | 17 |
17 | Gaster all black or with pale yellow or reddish brown apical fasciae | 18 |
– | Gaster all or largely red or with pale yellow apical fasciae | 20 |
18 | Antenna all yellow or apical two flagellomeres brownish (Fig. 24a); midfemoral venter impunctate (Fig. 24b); propodeal dorsum with conspicuous spine behind spiracle; sternum II with conspicuous transverse swelling | |
– | Flagellum black or reddish brown ventrally; midfemoral venter punctate; propodeal dorsum at most with inconspicuous spine behind spiracle; sternum II at most with low transverse convexity | 19 |
19 | Gastral segments with yellow apical fasciae; posterior propodeal surface without longitudinal sulci; second submarginal cell opened anteriorly | |
– | Gastral segments without yellow fasciae; posterior propodeal surface with pair of longitudinal sulci (Fig. 17a), sulci converging ventrad; second submarginal cell triangular, closed anteriorly (Fig. 17b) | |
20 | Sternum II simple; sternum VIII setose, emarginate apically (Fig. 19d); tegula elongate, with concave inner margin (Fig. 19b); gastral terga with yellow apical fasciae partly concealed by vestiture (Fig. 19e) | |
– | Sternum II with swelling or carina; sternum VIII asetose, not emarginate apically; tegula not elongate, inner margin not concave; gastral terga without yellow apical fasciae | 21 |
21 | Mesopleuron with obtuse transverse carina in front of midcoxa; metanotum with conspicuous spine (Fig. 16b); propodeum with conspicuous spine behind spiracle; sternum II with transverse swelling; sternum VIII flat | |
– | Mesopleuron with spine in front of midcoxa (Fig. 4b); metanotum without spine or tubercle; propodeum without spine or tubercle behind spiracle; basal half of sternum II with median carina that is pointed apically (Fig. 4c); sternum VIII largely concave |
I thank my travel companions to Australia: Veronica E. Ahrens (Northern Territory, 3-30 March 2008; New South Wales, 1 Dec 2009 – 15 Jan 2010; South Australia, 1 December 2010 – 4 February 2011) and Geoffrey A. Williams (Northern Territory, 30 March – 28 April 2008) who helped collect the specimens. I am grateful to Michael Ohl (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany) for his opinion on the taxonomic position of