Psyttoma gen . n . ( Hymenoptera , Braconidae , Opiinae ) from Shandong and Hubei ( China ) , with a key to the species

Psyttoma gen. n. (type species: Opius latilabris Chen & Weng, 2005) from Shandong and Hubei (China) is described and illustrated (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae). Psyttoma latilabris (Chen & Weng, 2005) and P. wachsmanni (Szépligeti, 1898) are new combinations.


Introduction
The large subfamily Opiinae (Braconidae), with 1,975 valid species according to Yu et al. (2009), is a common group containing generally small (2-5 mm) parasitoid wasps of mainly mining or fruit-infesting dipterous larvae.It has a worldwide distribution and the world fauna has been reviewed by Fischer (1972Fischer ( , 1977Fischer ( , 1986Fischer ( , 1987)).Currently about 35 genera are used; Wharton (1988Wharton ( , 1997)), van Achterberg (1997bvan Achterberg ( , 2004avan Achterberg ( , 2004b)), van Achterberg and Salvo (1997) and van Achterberg and Chen (2004) published updates or some additions for the existing keys to the genera of the Opiinae, but the number of genera and the limits of several genera are still matters of discussion.
The first author collected some Opiinae for her revision of the Opiinae of Hunan in her home town in the province of Shandong (Palaearctic China).One of the species resembles members of the genus Psyttalia Walker, 1860, but does not fit well in this genus.Also DNA analysis in the DNA lab of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden) showed that also the molecular data disagree with inclusion in the genera Psyttalia, Opius or Phaedrotoma.A combined analysis of the 16S and 28S sequences of about 50 mainly Oriental Opiine taxa from China and Malaysia was made and the results corroborated the view that the new genus has a separate position among the Opiine genera.The results of this study will be published elsewhere (Li et al., in prep.).Therefore, we describe the species in a new genus below.The DNA sequences are deposited in GenBank and have been compared with unpublished sequences of Psyttalia species from Malaysia and with published sequences (Gimeno et al., 1997).Later it was discovered that the mutilated type of Opius latilabris Chen & Weng, 2005, from Hubei (Oriental China) belongs to this species.
Opiinae are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of cyclorraphous Diptera, but oviposition may take place in the egg of the host (ovo-larval parasitoid).They may play an important role in the control of such dipterous pests as fruit-infesting Tephritidae and mining Agromyzidae.The parasitoid larva completes its final development when the host larva has made its puparium and the adult emerges from this puparium.

Type species. Opius latilabris
Notes.The genus will run in the key to world genera of Opiinae by Wharton (1997) to the genera Psyttalia Walker and Opius Wesmael (part with normal mandible; = Phaedrotoma).Because of the sharp pointed hypopygium it seems closer to Psyttalia, but it does not fit in any one of the genera and differs in having a medio-posterior depression of the mesoscutum, the second metasomal tergite longer than the third tergite, the precoxal sulcus smooth, the scutellum protruding dorsally, the hind wing narrowed and vein m-cu of the hind wing present as a faintly pigmented trace.The new genus can be separated from both genera as follows: 1 Scutellum distinctly protruding above level of mesoscutum (Fig. 5); hypopygium of ♀ distinctly acute apically and about 0.3 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 7) and hind wing comparatively narrow (Figs 12,13); hind femur very robust, 2-3 times as long as wide (Fig. 11); labrum slanted backwards, leaving a large space below clypeus (Fig. 9); medio-anterior veins of hind wing of male strongly widened (Fig. 13 Diagnosis.Clypeus narrow, 5 times as wide as high and 0.7 times as wide as face and face distinctly transverse (Fig. 6); pronope rather large and round; medioposterior depression of mesoscutum medium-sized and round (Fig. 5); precoxal sulcus slightly impressed and smooth; scutellum rugulose medio-posteriorly; body completely brownish-yellow (Fig. 1).
Description.Described from ♀ collected in Anqiu, length of body 2.0 mm, of fore wing 2.1 mm.
Head.Antenna with 25 segments and 1.2 times as long as fore wing; third segment 1.1 times as long as fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.5, 3.2 and 2.7 times their width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.9 times height of head; labial palp segments slender; labrum slanted backwards, leaving a large space below clypeus (Fig. 9); occipital carina widely removed from hypostomal carina and dorsally absent; hypostomal carina narrow; length of eye in dorsal view 2.1 times temple; frons slightly depressed behind antennal sockets, medially convex and glabrous, smooth; face smooth, medially weakly elevated; width of clypeus 5.0 times its maximum height and 0.7 times width of face; clypeus weakly convex, distinctly protruding forwards, punctate and its ventral margin thick and slightly concave; hypoclypeal depression wide and deep (Figs 6,9); malar suture present; without punctures between malar suture and clypeus; mandible somewhat constricted medially and gradually widened baso-ventrally, with narrow ventral carina (Fig. 9), second tooth minute.Mesosoma.Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; dorsal pronope large, round and pronotum oblique anteriorly (Fig. 8); pronotal sides smooth but oblique groove crenulate and posterior groove largely absent; epicnemial area smooth dorsally; precoxal sulcus medially superficially impressed, smooth as rest of mesopleuron; pleural sulcus smooth; mesosternal sulcus deep and narrow and very finely crenulate; notauli absent on disk, only anteriorly with pair of short smooth impressions; mesoscutum glabrous and strongly shiny; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum medium-sized, deep, round; scutellar sulcus narrow and finely crenulate laterally, widened medially; scutellum convex medially, depressed and rugulose medio-posteriorly; surface of propodeum smooth, except for superficial rugulae posteriorly (Fig. 4).
Legs.Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 2.3, 7.0 and 4.3 times as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 11); hind femur and tibia with medium-sized setae.
Metasoma.Length of first tergite equal to its apical width, its surface evenly moderately convex and rather densely longitudinally rugulose and dorsal carinae developed in basal 0.4 of tergite, straight (Fig. 4); second suture absent; second and following tergites smooth; length of setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.29 times fore wing, 2.7 times first tergite and equal to length of hind tibia; hypopygium distinctly acute apically and about 0.3 times as long as metasoma.
Variation.Male from Anqiu has length of fore wing 2.0 mm, antenna with 24 segments, hind femur 3.0 times as long as wide and medio-anterior veins of hind wing strongly widened (Fig. 13).
Notes.In the key by Chen and Weng (2005) to the Opiinae of China the type species runs to Phaedrotoma louiseae (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb.n., but this species has the propodeum with a pentagonal areola, the mesosoma brown, the first tergite 2.3 times longer than its apical width, the hind femur 6.0 times longer than wide, the antenna 1.6 times longer than body and the clypeus 1.7 times wider than high.Only by examining all Opiinae types in Beneficial Insects Lab., Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Fuzhou) it was found by the second author that the headless holotype of Opius latilabris Chen & Weng, 2005, from Hubei (Oriental China) is conspecific with the specimens from the Palaearctic Anqiu.In the key by Tobias (1998) to the East Palaearctic Opiinae it runs to Opius wachsmanni Szépligeti, 1898, described from Hungary (holotype examined by the second author).This species belongs to the same genus and can be separated as follows: 1 Eye in dorsal view about twice as long as temple; vein CU1b of fore wing much shorter than vein 3-CU1 (Fig. 1); first tergite rather densely longitudinally rugulose (Fig. ); vein 1-R1 (= metacarp) about 1.4 times as long as pterostigma (Fig. 2); head dorsally, mesosternum, mesoscutal lobes medially, metanotum, propodeum, third and following metasomal tergites brownishyellow (Fig. 1 The specimens reported as Opius wachsmanni Szépligeti from the East Palaearctic region (Central Asia up to Korea) by Papp (1981), Tobias and Jakimavicius (1986) and Tobias (1998) need to be re-examined and most likely belong to P. latilabris (Chen & Weng, 2005).