Phylogenetic relationships among cynipids, core figitids, figitoid inquilines and other cynipoids (simplified from Ronquist et al. 2015). Numbers are Bayesian posterior probabilities in a combined analysis of morphological and molecular data, and the width of each clade is proportional to the number of species included in the analysis. The species studied in this paper are among the figitoid inquilines and in the cynipid tribe Aylacini, and their position is shown in the tree with thick arrows. The blue boxes indicate groups that are inquilines (or parasitoids in the case of Paraulacini); all other cynipids are gall inducers as far as is known. At least two cynipid tribes appear to have originated from inquilines (Synergini and Ceroptresini), possibly also a third (Diastrophini).