Galls inside the seed capsules of Papaver rhoeas opened in October may contain pupae of Barbotinia oraniensis (a) or Parnips nigripes (b). Parnips pupae are always found together with minute remnants of the terminal-instar larva of Barbotinia (arrow). Chambers occupied by healthy Barbotinia pupae do not contain remnants of other insects. Galls parasitized by Parnips are indistinguishable externally from normal Barbotinia galls but the wall is slightly thicker.