Grammospila Foerster ( Hymenoptera , Braconidae , Alysiinae ) , with description of a new species

The species of the genus Grammospila Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) are keyed, an aberrant new species from Italy, G. martae sp. n., is described and illustrated, and G. ochrogaster (Szépligeti, 1898), stat. n. is considered to be a valid species.


Introduction
Grammospila Foerster, 1863, is a small Palaearctic and Northeast Oriental genus belonging to the large subfamily Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with 2,442 valid species in 107 genera up to 2015 according to Yu et al. (2016).Alysiinae are a common group of generally small (2.0-5.0 mm) parasitoid wasps, and Grammospila is no exception.Grammospila larvae are koinobiont parasitoids in larvae of mining Agromyzidae (Yu et al. 2016) and Scathophagidae (Zhu et al. 2017, this paper).The adults have been often classified among Dapsilarthra Foerster, 1863(e.g., van Achterberg 1983), but recently, the group has given generic rank (van Achterberg 2014).Grammospila differs from Dapsilarthra s.s. by having the third antennal segment distinctly longer than the fourth segment (subequal in Dapsilarthra s.s.), a different fore wing venation and usually a shorter first discal cell (Zhu et al. 2017).There are only five valid species recognised at the moment; four are described from Europe and one (G.eurys (Chen & Wu, 1994)) from Oriental China (Chen and Wu 1994, Yu et al. 2016, Zhu et al. 2017).Among the Alysiini collected in a small brook bordered by a rivulet in the Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime (NW Italy; EDIT survey) some aberrant specimens were discovered.Their generic position was uncertain considering the first subdiscal cell of the fore wing is partly open by the lack of vein CU1b (present in all other known Grammospila spp.) and vein 2-1A largely sclerotized (entirely sclerotized in Grammospila spp.; van Achterberg 1983).Nevertheless, comparison with all available material led to the conclusion that the new species fits best in Grammospila Foerster.For the first time a key to all currently recognised species of Grammospila is presented.

Material and methods
The specimens were collected in a Malaise trap and preserved in 70% alcohol during a survey of the Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime in NW Italy.For identification of the subfamily Alysiinae, see van Achterberg (1993), for identification of Grammospila Foerster, see van Achterberg (2014), Zhu et al. (2017) and the diagnosis in this paper, for references to the Alysiinae and Grammospila Foerster, see Yu et al. (2016) and for the terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988van Achterberg ( , 1993)).Measurements are taken as indicated by van Achterberg (1988): for the length and the width of a body part the maximum length and width is taken, unless otherwise indicated.The length of the mesosoma is measured from the anterior border of the mesoscutum to the apex of the propodeum and of the first tergite from the posterior border of the adductor to the medio-posterior margin of the tergite.Observations and descriptions was made with an Opto-Edu A230903 stereomicroscope and a fluorescent lamp.Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope.The specimens are deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (RMNH).Description.Antenna with 27-41 segments, third segment 1.2-1.5 times as long as fourth segment (in Palaearctic spp.); head comparatively robust in dorsal view (Fig. 11); anterior tentorial pit large and with triangular flat area between pit and eye above curved up ventral rim (Figs 3,10); area between mandibular base and ventro-posterior margin of eye convex or flat, without oblique depression, without malar suture; anterior tentorial pits concave, pit-shaped, and remaining removed from eyes; mandible with 3 teeth or lobes; ventral margin of mandible straight (Fig. 2); notauli absent posteriorly; mesoscutum with medio-posterior depression; length of vein 3-SR of fore wing more than 1.2 times vein 2-SR; length of vein r of fore wing 0.2-0.3times vein 2-SR; diagonal width of first discal cell of fore wing often 1.4-1.6 times vein 1-M; vein 2-1A of fore wing sclerotized, as usually vein CU1b; vein 1-SR of fore wing distinct, resulting in a petiolate first discal cell; vein r of fore wing emitted from basal 0.3-0.5 of pterostigma; first subdiscal cell of fore wing parallel-sided or nearly so; vein m-cu of hind wing absent; pterostigma narrowly elliptical; first metasomal tergite parallelsided behind spiracles or nearly so, with deep dorsope and laterope, its spiracles facing dorsad; apical third of ovipositor sheath evenly setose.
Distribution.Palaearctic and NE Oriental.Seven species.

Key to species of the genus Grammospila Foerster
1 Antenna of ♀ 0.9-1.3times as long as body and 0.9-1.1 times as long as fore wing; if 1.1 times fore wing then vein 1-R1 of fore wing 0. Comparative diagnosis.The short vein r (much shorter than width of pterostigma), the straight ventral margin of the mandible, the large anterior tentorial pit and the smooth triangular area between pit and eye indicate that G. martae sp.n. belongs to Grammospila Foerster, despite the partially open first subdiscal cell of the fore wing.Within this genus it shares with G. tirolensis (Königsmann) the comparatively short antenna (shortest of all known species, only 0.9 times as long as body or fore wing).It differs from G. tirolensis by the shorter antenna (1.3 times as long as body and 1.0-1.1 times as long as fore wing in G. tirolensis) and the different wing venation, as indicated in the key.
Description.Holotype, ♀, length of body 4.1 mm; of fore wing 4.2 mm.Head.Head transverse, its maximum width 1.9 times median length in dorsal view and temple slightly widened behind eyes (Fig. 11); antenna with 32 segments, 0.9 times as long as fore wing or body, third segment 1.4 times as long as fourth segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 3.7, 2.6 and 1.5 times their width, respectively (measured in lateral view), apical segment without apical spine (Figs 8,13); maxillary palp 0.7 times as long as height of head; labial palp segments slender; length of eye in dorsal view 0.8 times temple; temple and vertex smooth and shiny, except for some sparse punctulation, sparsely setose; stemmaticum slightly protruding, with median groove; OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL = 16:5:6; frons slightly depressed and glabrous, with shallow pit in front of anterior ocellus and behind antennal sockets crenulate, strongly shiny; face rugose and rugulose laterally, medially largely smooth and with triangular area, rather flat (Fig. 10); anterior tentorial pits large (Fig. 3); width of clypeus 2.4 times its maximum height; clypeus distinctly convex, largely smooth, truncate ventrally and hardly protruding, ventral rim depressed and thin; epistomal suture narrow and smooth (Fig. 10); malar space hardly developed; mandible 1.2 times longer medially than wide, with medium-sized ventral lamella (Figs 2, 3) and no crest connected to third tooth and baso-ventral corner depressed (Fig. 2), with two wide lobe-shaped lateral teeth, middle tooth wide triangular, upper tooth gradually widened dorsally.
Metasoma.Length of first metasomal tergite 1.6 times its apical width, irregularly rugose, convex medially, subparallel-sided behind spiracles and dorsal carinae united subbasally in a strong median carina (Fig. 7), medio-posteriorly strongly convex and distinctly above level of second tergite in lateral view (Fig. 1); spiracles of first tergite facing dorsally; dorsope and laterope large; second suture only laterally present (Fig. 7); second and third tergites flat, with band of setae and smooth; ovipositor sheath with long setae apically, glabrous submedially, setose part of sheath 0.05 times as long as fore wing (total: 0.07 times) and 0.2 times as long as hind tibia (Fig. 1).
Variation.Length of body 3.5-4.1 mm; of fore wing 3.7-4.2mm, antenna of ♀ with 31(1) or 32(2) segments, third segment 1.4-1.5 times as long as fourth segment; precoxal sulcus up to base of middle coxa and finely crenulate or posteriorly absent; length of first metasomal tergite 1.5-1.7 times its apical width; setose part of sheath 0.05-0.06times as long as fore wing.Grammospila ochrogaster (Szépligeti, 1898), stat.n.Szépligeti, 1898: 393-394, 406;Papp 1968: 572 ( Notes.The lectotype from Hungary (Budapest, Diósárok) listed by Papp (2004) and housed in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest) has been examined and directly compared with Hungarian specimens of G. rufiventris (Nees).Traditionally, it is considered to be a junior synonym of Dapsilarthra (now Grammospila) rufiventris (Nees, 1812).However, the difference in colour of the metasoma (the apex is yellow, a condition absent in G. rufiventris as examined so far) is accompanied by a small but probably important difference in the shape of the clypeus (it is somewhat wider than in G. rufiventris and flattened).Further research is needed to corroborate its independent status and to record the distribution.