Two new species of Pirhosigma Giordani Soika (Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an updated catalog for the genus

Two new species of eumenine wasps were described from Panama and Peru, namely Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett & Hermes sp. nov. and P. cambrai Garcete-Barrett & Ferreira sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Eumenes deformata barberoi Bertoni and Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis Bertoni. Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense Giordani Soika stat. nov. is treated as a color variation of the typical P. mearimense (Zavattari). Additions to the key by Ferreira et al. (2017) are made and an updated catalog for species included in the genus is provided.

Type specimens of species potentially closely related to the new species were examined from the cited institutions (details in the taxonomic catalog). All examined specimens were dry pinned preserved ones. Examination was undertaken with a Leica S8 APO stereomicroscope. Photographs of structures of interest were obtained with a Canon EOS Rebel T6 digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope. The same camera with a Canon Macro 100 mm lens and a Yongnuo 2x Extensor were used for photographing specimen habitus. All images were captured using Canon EOS Utility software and using a light dome modified from Kawada and Buffington (2016). The final stacking of multiple layers was carried out with the Helicon Focus software.
Body length is taken from the frons to the hind border of T2 and expressed as an approximate measurement, as body position can modify it more or less substantially. Wing length is taken from the humeral angle of the wing at the border of the tegula to the wing tip and expressed as an approximate measurement, as wing position can affect the total measurement. Comments and diagnosis. This is the only species of Pirhosigma that does not present a preapical fossa in T1 (Fig. 5), which is present in all other species of this genus. However, this species presents all the other diagnostic features of Pirhosigma, such as the shape of T1, apically flask-shaped, with the apical lamella not preceded by a transverse swelling, and the basal portion with two laterally longitudinal carinae (Giordani Soika 1978;Carpenter and Vecht 1991) (Fig. 6). Pirhosigma abregoi differs from all other species of Pirhosigma by the following set of features: (i) absence of an evident preapical fossa on T1 (Fig. 5); (ii) pronotal carina in the shape of an inverted "V" in frontal view (Fig. 3), with a well-developed lateral lamella (Fig. 4); (iii) T2 oval, longer than wide, with evident, deep and spaced punctures (Fig. 7); (iv) lateral portion of the pronotum greatly shortened (Fig. 4); (v) short clypeus, wider than long (Fig. 2).
Color. Body with predominantly brown-yellowish tegument. Yellow head, with a wide oval black mark on the frons, connected to a narrow black band extending to Figures 1-6. Pirhosigma abregoi Garcete-Barrett & Hermes, holotype female 1 habitus 2 head, frontal view 3 pronotum, frontal view, arrow pointing to the pronotal carina in the shape of an inverted "V" 4 pronotum, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed lateral lamella in the pronotal carina 5 T1, dorsal view, arrow pointing to the apical portion without a well-developed preapical fossa 6 T1, lateral view, arrow pointing to the well-developed longitudinal carina. Scale bars: 1 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2-6). the occiput; brownish mark in the center of the clypeus. Mesosoma and metasoma with predominantly brown-yellowish tegument. Antennae with brownish scape and pedicel; progressively darker flagellum from the base to the apex. Mesoscutum totally blackened. Scutellum with a central black-brown spot. Brownish propodeum. Black mark in the basal portion of T1. Yellow marks more prominent in the regions that follow: parategulae; apical margin of T1; lateral and apical margins of T2; apical margin of S1. Brown wings.
Structure. Labrum truncated. Clypeus broader than long, with short and emarginated apex; small and not carinate apical teeth present. Interantennal region without cariniform elevation. Pronotal carina well developed in all its extension, in the shape of an inverted "V" in frontal view, with a well-developed lateral lamella. Lateral surface of pronotum narrow, with the distance between pronotal fovea and the mesepisternum smaller than the size of the fovea itself; pronotal fovea slit-shaped. Pretegular carina absent. Parategulae triangular. Sulcus between the scutellum and metanotum obsolete. T1 elongated, with basal portion longer than the apical portion; two lateral longitudinal carinae present, not reaching half of the segment; preapical fossa absent. T2 oval, longer than wide, with lamella well developed. S2 without abrupt basal elevation.
Sculpture. Clypeus without evident punctation. Frons and vertex with deep, coarse and abundant punctures, with space between them smaller than the size of a puncture. Pronotum with granular punctation, with shallow, abundant and slightly thickened punctures, distance between them smaller than the size of a puncture. Mesespisternum with deep punctures, denser in its upper portion; shallow and slightly evident punctures in its lower portion. Mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum with deep and coarse punctures. Apex of T1 with evident shallow punctation. T2 with wellmarked deep punctation, distance between them smaller than the size of a puncture.
Pilosity. Golden pubescence covering the entire surface of the body. Bristles shorter, thick and abundant on clypeus, frons, vertex, and mesosoma. Elongated, delicate and thin bristles in the metasoma.
Male Comments and diagnosis. P. cambrai is quite similar to P. mearimense (Zavattari) and P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes, sharing with them the S2 without a basal slope followed by an elevation (Fig. 14); T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion (Figs 12-13); T2 wider than long (Fig. 15); pronotal carina well developed dorsally (Fig. 11); and a black body color, with few yellow marks (Fig. 8). Pirhosigma cambrai is distinguished from P. mearimense and P. sulcata  Ferreira & Hermes by the presence of a short, wider than long clypeus (Fig. 9), curved backwards (Fig. 10).
Color. Body with predominantly blackish tegument. Yellow marks as follows: stripes on inner margin of compound eyes; upper surface of the gena; narrow range in the antero-dorsal region of pronotum; narrow bands in the distal portions of the T1-T6 and S2-S6. S1 brownish. Antennae brownish. Yellow-brownish legs. Brownish wings.
Structure. Labrum rounded, narrow. Clypeus broader than long, apically curved backwards and with short, concave and emarginated apex; small and ecarinate apical teeth present, with small distance between each other. Interantennal region without cariniform elevation. Pronotal carina well developed dorsally, gently and roundly recurved in the humeral region. Lateral surface of pronotum narrow, with the distance between pronotal fovea and the mesepisternum smaller than the size of the fovea itself. Pretegular carina absent. Parategulae pointed. Sulcus between scutellum and metanotum obsolete. T1 distinctly filiform with basal region of greater length than the apical portion; two lateral longitudinal carina present; preapical fossa present. T2 wider than long, outlined as a half oval in dorsal view; well-developed apical lamella. S2 without basal slope followed by an elevation.
Sculpture. Clypeus without evident punctation. Frons and vertex with evident and abundant punctures, with distance between them approximately smaller than the size of a puncture; micro-punctation evident. Pronotum, upper portion of the mesepisternum, mesoscutum, scutelum, metanotum and propodeum with deep and abundant punctures, with distance between punctures smaller than the size of a puncture. Lower portion of the mesepisternum with shallow and sparse punctures, distance between them approximately greater than the size of a puncture. T1 unpunctate. T2 with micro-punctation evident.
Pilosity. Fine whitish pubescence covering the entire body. Whitish bristles covering the head, concentrated in the clypeus. Brownish, short and thin bristles on mesosoma. Brownish and long bristles on T1-T6 and S2-S6.
Male Comments. The holotype of P. cambrai sp. nov. (female, MIUP) was compared with the holotypes of P. mearimense (Zavattari) (male, MSNG) and P. sulcata Ferreira & Hermes (male, INPA). Additional material of P. mearimense, two males and two females, were also analyzed (MSNVE). Unfortunately, the female of P. sulcata remains unknown, but by the uniformity of the clypeus between the sexes of Pirhosigma, we consider the comparison of this structure valid for the distinction between the species P. sulcata/P. mearimense from P. cambrai. The species P. cambrai runs to couplet 6 of Ferreira et al. (2017), which is modified as follows: 6 Pronotal carina well developed dorsally (Fig. 11); black, with a few yellow spots (Fig. 8) Giordani Soika, 1978 Eumenes simulans ;Zavattari 1906: 19;Zavattari 1912: 118. Misidentification. Pirhosigma aenigmaticum Giordani Soika, 1978. Remarks. In the original description (Bertoni, 1926) of Eumenes deformata barberoi, the author did not mention how many specimens were part of the type series nor the locality where they were collected. Furthermore, Bertoni labelled seven specimens as Eumenes deformata paranensis (unpublished subspecific name), and the name barberoi was never attached to any specimen whatsoever. The lack of a locality, in this case, poses no issue, since all individuals bear a label with the locality "Puerto Bertoni", where the author lived for many years and collected many of his specimens. Also, the only subspecific name proposed by Bertoni under the specific name deformata is indeed barberoi, which leaves no doubt about the members of the type series. Finally, the description matches these specimens, and one well-preserved female was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (two males and four females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.
Type Data: Holotype female CUIC. Type Locality: Putumayo, Peru. Pirhosigma mearimense putumayense; Rasmussen & Asenjo, 2009: 42. Distribution: Suriname, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia. Remarks. It is widely acknowledged by the vespid experts that Antonio Giordani Soika was very fond of proposing subspecies based solely on coloration (see Carpenter (1987) for a good example). We hereby treat P. mearimense putumayense as a mere color variation of the typical form.
Pirhosigma pilosa (Fox, 1899) Eumenes pilosa Fox, 1899: 454, 461. Remarks. Bertoni (1934) mentioned 20 specimens, both males and females, which he ramdomly chose to provide the description of Eumenes superficialis mondaiensis. Fifteen out of these twenty specimens were found at the MNHNPY to be part of the type series. Seven specimens are labelled as from Puerto Bertoni, two from Assuncion and five from Vista Alegre. These localities were all mentioned in the original description, except for the latter. Bertoni (1934) also mentioned having examined specimens from "Amambái (Norte)" which undoubtedly correspond to Vista Alegre, which is in the upper part of the Aguaray Guazu river in the Amabay Department and, according to Brèthes (1924), on the approximate coordinates 23°40'S, 55°50'W (though Brèthes indicated 33 degrees for the coordinate south, which was no doubt just a lapsus ending in an inadvertent error of 10 degrees). One well preserved female from Puerto Bertoni was chosen as the lectotype and labelled accordingly; the remainder of the specimens (six males and eight females) are to be treated as paralectotypes.