Updates to the Nomenclature of Platygastroidea in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Parabaryconus Kozlov & Kononova, syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Cremastobaeus Ashmead; Cremastobaeus artus (Kozlov & Kononova), comb. n. is transferred from Parabaryconus; Paridris macrurous Kozlov & Lê, syn. n. and P. taekuli Talamas & Masner, syn. n. are treated as junior synonyms of P. bispores Kozlov & Lê; Leptoteleia japonica (Kozlov & Kononova), comb. n. is transferred from Triteleia Kieffer; Leptoteleia striola Talamas & Buffington, name n. is provided as a replacement name for Leptoteleia japonica Yamagishi; Dvivarnus punctatus Rajmohana & Veenakumari, syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Gryonoides agamades Kozlov & Lê; Dvivarnus agamades comb. n. is transferred from Gryonoides Dodd; Anirama Kozlov, syn. n., Criomica Kozlov, syn. n. and Pyrgaspis Kozlov, syn. n. are treated as junior synonyms of Platygaster Latreille; Platygaster marikovskii Kozlov, comb. rev. and P. semiclavata (Buhl), comb. n. are transferred from Anirama; Platygaster viktorovi (Kozlov), comb. n. is transferred from Criomica; Platygaster haloxylonomyiae (Kozlov), comb. n. and P. striativentris (Buhl), comb. n. are transferred from Pyrgaspis; Stosta Kozlov, syn. n. is treated as a junior synonym of Synopeas Förster; Synopeas tosticola (Kozlov), comb. n. is transferred from Stosta.


Introduction
The Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences serves as the repository for a large number of primary and secondary types of species described by the late Mikhail Ko zlov.Recent travel to this museum to study Kozlov's primary types of Trissolcus Ashmead offered the opportunity to assess type material for all of Platygastroidea in the Zoological Institute, revealing that the classification for a modest number of taxa requires adjust ment.Revisionary work on Trissolcus will occur in a future monograph, and we here treat Platygastroidea exclusive of this genus.For completeness, the holotypes of species subse quently described by Peter Buhl in two of Kozlov's genera, Pyrgaspis and Anirama, were examined and Buhl's diagnostic characters are here photographically illustrated.
Two of Kozlov's platygastrine genera, Pyrgaspsis and Stosta, were established for species with atypical shapes of the mesoscutellum, whereas these species otherwise fit easily into the broad concepts of Platygaster and Synopeas, respectively.Similarly, Anirama was described for a species in which the apical male antennomere is elongate and Criomica for a species with a slightly unusual head shape.Such description of genera for apomorphic species brings attention to unusual morphologies, but is detrimental to the construction of a natural classification if it renders other taxa polyphyletic.
In our perspective, the most needed contribution to classification in the Pla tygastrinae is detailed character analysis, evaluation of monophyly for existing genera, and placement of species into monophyletic speciesgroups.We do not consider the characters that Kozlov used to designate new platygastrine genera to indicate lineages separate from Platygaster and Synopeas, but they are potentially useful for species group classification.It is our hope that the characters, treatments and illustrations presented here will contribute to this cause.
Examination of Kozlov's specimens revealed him to be, in our opinion, a "splitter" as opposed to a "lumper," that is, he tended not to treat morphological differences as intraspecific or intrageneric variation.A benefit of Kozlov's species concepts is that series identified by him are morphologically uniform.Because of this, we are confident that the paratypes and holotypes of Kozlov and Lê are conspecific.We here treat one of their species, Paridris macrurous, as a junior synonym of Paridris bispores based on a paratype specimen.

Collections
This work is based on specimens deposited in the following repositories with abbreviations used in the text:

Informatics
Collection data for all specimens are available in the Hymenoptera Online Database (http://purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol)by entering the specimen identifier (CUID) in the search form.CUIDs for all specimens are presented in the material exam ined section of each taxonomic treatment and may be identified as a collection coden fol lowed by a number (note capitalization and the space that follows some acronyms).The locality data reported for primary types are not literal transcriptions of the labels: some abbreviations are expanded and additional data from the collectors may be included.

Photography
Images were produced using a Microvision Instruments imaging system with Carto graph software, a Z16 Leica lens and a JVC KYF75U digital camera.Single montage images were produced from image stacks with the program CombineZP.In some cases, multiple montaged images were stitched together in Photoshop to produce larger im ages at high resolution and magnification.Full resolution images, and additional pho tographs of the specimens treated here, are archived in the Hymenoptera Online Da tabase (http://purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/specimage)and MorphBank (http:// www.morphbank.net).
Etymology.The Latin adjectival epithet "striola," meaning "furrow" or "line", re fers to the longitudinal costae mentioned by Yamagishi (1993)  Comments.Rajmohana and Veenakumari (2011) stated that the mesoscutellar spines of Dvivarnus punctatus differ from those of Gryonoides based on their location on the mesoscutellum.We agree, and more specifically, the mesoscutellar spines of Gryonoides proximally abut the axillula and are derived at least in part from striations of the scutoscutellar sulcus (Fig. 5) whereas those of Dvivarnus are derived entirely from the mesoscutellar disc (Fig. 6).Rajmohana and Veenakumari asserted that the pres ence of punctation throughout T3 is unique to D. agamades.This character is indeed rare among teleasines, but it may also be found in Trimorus (Fig. 4) and Xenomerus (X.spinosus Mikó & Masner, X. comatus Mikó & Masner) (Mikó et al 2007).The biogeo graphical records published by Rajmohana and Veekakumari (2011) led them to suggest that this species was limited to semiarid habitats.A broader geographic sampling has revealed that this species also inhabits the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia.Platygaster marikovskii Kozlov, 1967: 717 (original description).Anirama marikovskii (Kozlov): Kozlov 1970: 224 (generic transfer).

Platygastrinae
Diagnosis.Buhl (2007) used the the relative lengths of males antennomeres to distin guish P. semiclavata from P. marikovskii: A10 as long as A6A9 in P. semiclavata and A10 twice as long as A6-A9 in P. marikovskii.This character is illustrated in Figures 10-11.

Diagnosis. See diagnosis of of P. marikovskii.
Link to distribution map. 10 Material examined.Holotype, male: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: al Ajban, 7.XII28.XII.2006,malaise trap/light trap, A. v. H., zmuc00036868 (de posited in ZMUC).Paratypes: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 4 females, 1 male, USNMENT00979300, USNMENT00979301, USNMENT00979302, USN MENT00979303, USNMENT00979304 (ZMUC).Criomica Kozlov, syn.n. http://bioguid.osu.edu/osuc_concepts:7825 Comments.The separation of Criomica from Platygaster was justified on the basis of the shape and proportions of the head.The eyes are somewhat triangular, but otherwise the cephalic shape of Criomica is unremarkable.The 3merous clava in the female of this species is notable and may be a useful character for future speciesgroup placement.
Link to distribution map. 12 Material examined.Holotype, female: MONGOLIA: Övörhangay Prov., E coast of Taatsïn Tsagaan Nuur Lake, 2.VIII4.VIII.1969, M. Kozlov, ZMAS 0114 Figures 4-6. 374 Trimorus sp., Dorsal habitus, female (OSUC 334274) 5 Gryonoides sp., scutellaraxillar complex, lateral view, male (USNMENT00872152) 6 Dvivarnus agamades (Kozlov & Lê), scutellar axillar complex, lateral view, male (USNMENT00872152).Scale bars in millimeters.the orientation and height of the mesoscutellar spine.However, the widely sepa rated lateral propodeal carinae (propodeal keels) (Fig. 18) indicate that Pyrgaspis haloxylonomiae does not belong in or near Synopeas.In the context of the gamut of mesoscutellar morphology within Platygaster (Figs 19-24), the dorsally pointed mesoscutellum alone does not warrant placement in a separate genus.Evaluation of this character revealed that the mesoscutellar points in P. haloxylonomyiae and P. striativentris are formed by a carina on the posterior surface of this sclerite (Figs 18,(21)(22)25).Examination of Platygaster from the eastern United States yielded a specimen that has a similar, but more pronounced, carina on the posterior surface of the mesoscutellum which does not form a point dorsally (Fig. 26).The mesos cutellum of this specimen also bears a character that is new to us, the posterolateral mesoscutellar carina .
Link to distribution map. 18 Associations.collected on Brachanthemum gobium Krasch.: [Asterales: Asteraceae] Material examined.Holotype, male: MONGOLIA: Ömnögovi Prov., 35km NNE Bulgan, sandy desert, N edge of Bayan Dzaan (BainDzag) Mountain, Comments.Kozlov's treatment of Stosta was essentially identical to that of Pyrgaspis in that the description of a new genus was performed to accommodate the shape of the mesoscutellum.As in Platygaster, a broad range of mesoscutellar forms can be found in Synopeas (Figs 27-30) and we do not consider this character to be useful to indicate a lineage separate from Synopeas.

.
Kozlov describedAnirama as a genus separate from Platygaster because the apical antennomere of the male is elongate.There are otherwise no characters to indicate that this lineage is distinct from Platygaster and we consider this antennal morphology to be apomorphic within Platygaster.