Parasitization of U. cardui samples by E. serratulae and E. robusta in 3 different regions of western Europe. Sundgau (France, region of Belfort): 307 samples, 6463 galls (1970–2004); Upper Rhine Valley (region n.w. Freiburg): 78 samples, 1885 galls (1972–1992); North eastern Bavaria (region s.e. Bayreuth): 216 samples, 4131 galls (1978–2004).