Two new species of Strongylopsis Brauns (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Beijing, and a key to all species

Two new species of the genus Strongylopsis Brauns, 1896, are described and illustrated, S. propodealis Sheng & Sun, sp. nov. and S. punctata Sheng & Sun, sp. nov., both collected from Mentougou, Beijing, China. An identification key to all known species of Strongylopsis is provided.


Introduction
Strongylopsis Brauns, 1896, a small genus of the tribe Pimplini in the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), comprises seven species (Yu et al. 2016) from the Palaearctic Region, of which six from the Eastern Palaearctic Region (two of them also occur in the Western Palaearctic region) (Kuzin 1950;Viktorov 1958;Momoi 1973;He et al. 1996;He and Liu 2013), three from the Western Palaearctic Region (Brauns 1896; Kasparyan 1974). Two species of Strongylopsis have previously been known from China (He et al. 1996;He and Liu 2013). Diagnosis. (After Townes 1969;He and Liu 2013). Face (Figs 3, 12) evenly convex, strongly protuberant dorsally in female. Clypeal sulcus present. Upper tooth of mandible slightly longer than lower tooth. Antenna (Figs 2, 11) short and stout, second flagellomere shorter than its width in female. Legs of female stout, outer profile of tibia usually with strong pegs (Figs 2, 11, also see figure in Kuzin 1950: 253). Ovipositor sheath very short, hardly surpassing tip of metasoma. Ventral valve of ovipositor with vertical ridges (Fig. 10).
The key (females) of eight species of Strongylopsis is included, the female of S. abdominalis Kasparyan, 1974 is still unknown (Kasparyan 1974;He and Liu 2013).
Head. Head 1.6 × as wide as length from lower margin of clypeus to upper margin of face. Inner margins of eyes almost parallel. Face (Fig. 3) 1.4-1.5 × as wide as long, shiny, evenly convex, with sparse (upper median portion dense) distinct punctures and yellow brown setae. Clypeal sulcus vestigial. Clypeus 2.6-2.7 × as wide as long, shiny, median portion distinctly convex transversely, dorsal margin and lower lateral portions with yellowish brown setae; apical margin almost truncate. Mandible with large sparse punctures and yellowish brown setae, upper tooth slightly longer than lower tooth. Malar space 1.0-1.1 × basal width of mandible. Gena with sparse fine punctures. Vertex ( Fig. 4) smooth, shiny, with fine sparse punctures. Postocellar line 0.8 × as long as ocular-ocellar line; ocularocellar line 1.7 × as long as maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Frons (Fig. 4) evenly slightly concave, median portion with dense even yellowish brown setae. Antenna 1.4-1.5 × as long as mesosoma, with 33 flagellomeres. Ratios of lengths from first to fifth flagellomeres: 7:6:6:5:5. Occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina slightly above base of mandible, distance to base of mandible 0.2 as long as basal width of mandibles.
Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the large, oblong, smooth propodeum (Fig. 7) . 17) with fine transverse wrinkles, laterally with fine punctures. Posterior portion of first tergite, tergites 2-3 and anterior portion of tergite 4 red to brownish red. Description. Body length 11.5-12.0 mm. Fore wing length 8.5-9.0 mm. Head. Head 1.6 × as wide as length from lower margin of clypeus to upper margin of face. Inner margins of eyes slightly convergent ventrally. Face (Fig. 12) 1.2-1.3 × as wide as long, shiny, evenly convex, with dense punctures (in lateral portion punctures sparser than upper median portion) and yellow brown setae. Clypeal sulcus weak, as vestige. Clypeus 2.5-2.6 × as wide as long, shiny, subbasal portion distinctly convex transversely, with sparse yellow brown setae; apical margin almost truncate. Mandible with sparse punctures and yellowish brown setae, upper tooth slightly longer than lower tooth. Malar space 1.1-1.2 × as long as basal width of mandible. Gena with sparse irregular fine punctures. Vertex (Fig. 13) smooth, shiny, with sparse punctures. Stemmaticum with relatively dense punctures. Postocellar line 0.9 × as long as ocular-ocellar line. Ocular-ocellar line 1.4-1.5 × as long as maximum diameter of posterior ocellus. Frons (Fig. 13) slightly concave, with dense brown setae and weak median longitudinal sulcus. Antenna stout, with 36-37 flagellomeres. Ratios of lengths from first to fifth flagellomeres: 10:8:8:7:7. Occipital carina complete, reaching hypostomal carina distinctly above base of mandible, distance to base of mandible 0.5 as long as basal width of mandible.

Male. Unknown.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the densely punctate face (Fig. 12) of characters: head 1.6 × as wide as length from lower margin of clypeus to upper margin of face; face ( Fig. 12) with dense punctures; areolet quadrate; propodeum with distinct transverse wrinkles; second tergite distinctly trapezoidal. Strongylopsis anomala: head at least 1.7 × as wide as length from lower margin of clypeus to upper margin of face; face with sparse fine punctures; propodeum without transverse wrinkles; second tergite square.

Discussion
It is known that the males of Ichneumonids are often more easily caught using interception traps (IT) or Malaise traps. Even though the authors have been exploring the mountains around Beijing for ten years and have collected/ obtained large numbers of ichneumonids, males of Strongylopsis have still not been found. Maybe the males of Strongylopsis are less distinctive than females, some parts with more or less different coloration from female, but they can be recognised by the strong spine-like setae on the tibia; the gradually narrowed first tergite, with rounded edges and antenna with tyloids.
The males of some ichneumonid groups are not easy to match with females based on morphological characters (Hilpert 1992). For further research on males, as well as females, more accurate assessments will be helped by molecular methods.