Easternmost biogeographic regions of South America (modified from Morrone 2014)–brown: Chacoan domain (light brown: Caatinga province); light green: Parana/Atlantic forest; dark green: northern Amazonia. Abbreviations for the northeastern Brazilian states are as the follow: Bahia (BA), Sergipe (SE), Alagoas (AL), Pernambuco (PE), Paraíba (PB), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Ceará (CE), Piauí (PI), and Maranhão (MA). Limits of the Caatinga province in the Chacoan Dominion (dark brown band) indicated by the longitudinal light brown strip. The photographs (right) depict the diversity of habitats in northeastern and Caatinga A, B xerophilous deciduous caatinga vegetation during dry (A) and rainy (B) seasons, ESEC-Seridó, Serra Negra do Norte-RN B malaise trap set in a caatinga fragment in Santa Teresinha-PB D caatinga vegetation with abundant arboreal cacti, Picui-PB E cerrado vegetation enclave in Caatinga region, Chapada do Araripe, CE F amazon rainforest near northwest border of the semiarid region, São Benedito do Rio Preto, MA G, H evergreen humid montane enclaves in Caatinga region, Parque Estadual Pico do Jabre, Maturéia, PB (1,197 m), and Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ubajara, CE (847 m) (H).