Corresponding authors: Mircea-Dan Mitroiu (
Academic editor: Petr Janšta
New faunistic records of Palaearctic
Mitroiu M-D, Koutsoukos E (2023)
The status of the family
In general, there are no recent data on Palaearctic
In order to identify the European species of
Most examined specimens were collected in Greece, Romania and South Korea using a variety of methods, i.e., the sweeping net, yellow pan traps (
The morphological terminology follows
For all treated species a diagnosis for both sexes was given, primarily using the examined material, and supplemented with information from the above mentioned literature when one of the sexes was not available for direct study. The information regarding colour variation and body dimensions was also combined with literature data. When no reference to one sex is mentioned, the diagnosis characters refer to both sexes.
The two sexes can be separated by examining the gastral apex, although this sometimes proves difficult because of the strongly retracted terminal tergites. In males
In
Information on geographic distribution and hosts is taken from
Abbreviations used in the figures:
Face without a horn. Scrobes laterally bordered by a complete and distinct carina (Fig.
Both sexes. Body black, without any metallic reflections (Fig.
South Korea: 2♀, 2♂, “S. KOREA, GYONGBUK, Ulleungdo, trail in forest, from Nari Basin to Seonginbong Peak / 500–1000 m, 16.VIII.2010, P. Tripotin rec.” (
Unknown.
Peoples’ Republic of China. New genus and species to South Korea.
As stated in
Face without a horn. Scrobes laterally not carinate (European species) (e.g., Figs
1 | Prepectus poorly defined anteriorly (i.e., appearing virtually fused with pronotum) and very narrow (Figs |
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– | Prepectus well defined anteriorly (i.e., with a conspicuous suture between its anterior margin and pronotum) (e.g., Figs |
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2(1) | Dorsal side of mesosoma virtually without metallic reflections (Fig. |
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– | Dorsal side of mesosoma with distinct metallic reflections (Fig. |
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3(1) | Mesoscutum with small median tubercle (Fig. |
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– | Mesoscutum without any median tubercle (e.g., Figs |
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4(3) | Mesosoma narrow (i.e., laterally compressed), length at least 1.5× width, with bright golden green reflections (Fig. |
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– | Mesosoma wider, length at most 1.35× width (e.g., Figs |
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5(4) | Head in frontal view only slightly wider than high, supraclypeal area higher than wide (Fig. |
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– | Head in frontal view distinctly wider than high, supraclypeal area at least slightly wider than high (e.g., Figs |
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6(5) | Ocelli large, |
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– | Ocelli smaller, |
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7(6) | Female with funicular segments longer than wide; male with funicular segments quadrate; face between scrobes and eye smooth; head and mesosoma dark blue, metasoma black |
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– | Female with most funicular segments quadrate to transverse (e.g., Figs |
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8(7) | Head with frontal keels, these usually stronger in males (Figs |
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– | Head without frontal keels (e.g. Figs |
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9(8) | Anterior margin of prepectus with complete row of punctures (Fig. |
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– | Anterior margin of prepectus without any row of punctures (Fig. |
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10(9) | Head and mesosoma with pink and greenish reflections; clypeus more strongly transverse |
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– | Head and mesosoma bluish green (Fig. |
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11(8) | Body black, at most with very slight metallic reflections (Figs |
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– | Body with more distinct, sometimes bright, metallic reflections (Figs |
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12(11) | Male only; mesosoma narrow (i.e., laterally compressed – cf. Fig. |
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– | Both sexes; mesosoma wider, length 1.2–1.5× width (e.g., Figs |
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13(12) | Head width about 1.8× length in dorsal view; temples large and separated from eye by wide sulcus, also visible in frontal view of head (Fig. |
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– | Head width hardly less than twice as broad as long; temples smaller, at most with very narrow sulcus near posterior eye margin, not visible in frontal view of head (Figs |
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14(13) | Mesosoma wide, length about 1.2× width (Fig. |
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– | Mesosoma narrower, length 1.4–1.5× width (Fig. |
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15(11) | Frons between eye and scrobes without any striation, although sometimes strongly punctuate (Figs |
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– | Frons between eye and scrobes with at least some traces of striation among punctures, which are usually stronger in males (Figs |
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16(12) | Mesosoma dorsally dark, with bronze-violet reflections (Fig. |
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– | Mesosoma dorsally bright green or blue (Figs |
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17(16) | Frons between eye and scrobes not strongly punctuate (Fig. |
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– | Frons between eye and scrobes strongly punctuate (Fig. |
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18(15) | Clypeal margin slightly (Fig. |
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– | Clypeal margin truncate (Figs |
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19(18) | Supraclypeal area less transverse, less than 1.5× as wide as high, and less wide than clypeal area (Fig. |
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– | Supraclypeal area transverse, at least 1.5× as wide as high, and almost as wide as clypeal area (Fig. |
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Head and mesosoma except propodeum dorsally bright bronze green, head sometimes bluish; propodeum and metasoma blue green; female flagellum black. Body size: 2.50–5.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 23.V to 29.V.2007,
Romania: 1♀, “IS, Ciric-Izvor, 10.VIII.2006, leg. M.-D. Mitroiu” (
Associated with
Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. New species to Greece and Romania.
Head and pronotum bronze gold, with slight green reflections; mesosoma blue green; metasoma green, with blue and bronze reflections; female flagellum orange, clava slightly darker. Body size: 1.75–5.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Romania: 2♀♀, 1♂, “Iași county, Iași city, inside apartment, 25.i.2008, M.-D. Mitroiu leg.” (
Associated with
Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. New species to Romania and Turkey.
This is one of the easiest species to identify, being the only one with a median tubercle on the mesoscutum (Fig.
Head and mesosoma green, with bronze gold reflections; metasoma blue green; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 2–3 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Mongolia: 1♀, “Mongolia: Central aimak, 12 km S von Somon Bajanbaraat, 1380 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1967”, “Nr. 918, 13.VII.1967”, “Perilampus Perilampus Nik. ♀, Bouček det. 1982” (
Unknown.
Czechia, Germany, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. New species to Romania.
The female of
Head and metasoma black, mesosoma dark green; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 3.0–3.5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Austria: 1♂, “Austria inferior, Dürnstein, 1973. H. Aspock, ex Raphidia”, “ex Nemeritis sp. in Raphidia ratzeburgi Brauer”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♂, Z. Bouček det. 1973” (
Slovakia. New to Austria and Turkey.
Easy to distinguish from all other species due to its unusually large head (Fig.
Head and mesosoma except propodeum dorsally dark green to bronze, with slight golden reflections; or black, with bluish reflections mostly on dorsal side of mesosoma; propodeum and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 1.5–3.0 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Czechia: 1♀, 1♂, “Moravia mer., Mohelno, Bouček lgt. / 6.7.57”, “Perilampus chrysonotus Först. ♀/♂, Det. Z. Bouček 1957” (
Associated with
Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. New species to Romania.
This is one of the two European species having a high head in both sexes (Fig.
Head, lateral sides of mesosoma and metasoma black, dorsal side of mesosoma mainly dark olive green, with slight bronze reflections; female flagellum reddish brown. Body size: 2.2–2.7 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Mongolia: 1♀, “Suchebaator aimak, 44 km SSW von Baruum urt, 1050 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1965”, “Nr. 349, 2–3.VIII.1965”, “Perilampus intermedius Bčk., Bouček det. 1982” (
Unknown.
Croatia, Finland, Germany, Mongolia, Slovakia.
This species is closest to
Head black, dorsally with blue green reflections; mesosoma dorsally green with golden or bronze reflections; female flagellum brown. Body size: 1.75–3.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Greece: 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Patris hill,
Associated with
Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, North Africa, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. New species to Greece and Romania.
The female of
Head black, upper face and vertex with blue green or bronze green reflections; mesosoma dorsally bronze green, occasionally dark bronze or with slight violet reflections; female flagellum brown. Body size: 2.50–3.25 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Slovakia: 1♀ paratype, “Somotor. Slov. or. 28. VI. 48. Bouček”, “Paratype”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Det. Bouček, 1955”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent, B.M. 1957-682” (
Unknown.
Czechia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine. New species to Sweden.
The females can be confused to those of
Head green or blue-green; mesosoma dorsally blackish with slight blue-green reflections; metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.0–3.5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Germany: 1♀, “Germany, Munich, VI.1922, Prof. Eseheniel”, “Ex Lyctus linearis”, “Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1933-190”, “Perilampus Perilampus Dlm., Ch. Ferrière det.” (
Associated with
Armenia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America.
This is one of the most distinct species of
Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally lighter. Body size: 1.8–2.7 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
France: 1♀, 1♂, “France, Var: St. Tropez, 16.VI.80 Bouček”, “♀/♂ Perilampus Perilampus Steff., det. Z. Bouček, 1981” (
Unknown.
Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Spain. New species to Greece.
This species is similar to
Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.0–2.6 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 13.VI to 19.VI.2007,
Associated with
Austria, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia. New species to Greece.
For differences from similar species see
Head and mesosoma blue, with slight green or bronze reflections; metasoma bluish-black; female flagellum brownish-black, partly lighter ventrally. Body size: 3–5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
France: 2♀, “Ventoux: Col de Perrache (4) 8. 8. 1988”, “fts descr. of chlorinus Fö.”, “Perilampus Perilampus Wlk. ♀, Bouček det. 1989” (
Associated with
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia.
Head and metasoma black; mesosoma dorsally black, with distinct violet, bronze or/and golden green reflections; female flagellum brownish-black, clava somewhat lighter. Body size: 1.75–3.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Greece: 1♀, “Attiki, Salamina, Agios Lavrendios,
Unknown.
Mongolia and Tadzhikistan, the latter cited by
In Bouček’s key (1956) specimens of
Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.8–3.4 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Austria: 1♀, “Austria Inferior, Bezirk Scheibbs, ex Raphidia, 1973. H. Aspock”, “1075”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Z. Bouček det. 1973” (
Croatia, Czechia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. New species to Austria.
Superficially similar to other small black species, e.g.,
Head blue, with slight green reflections; mesosoma except propodeum dorsally dark green, with slight golden bronze reflections; propodeum and metasoma blue with violet reflections; female flagellum orange, claval apex dark. Body size: 3.0–3.8 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
France: 1♂, “France, Vaucluse, Mt. Ventoux, III. 1981. P. du Merle”, “ex Lypha dubia in T. viridana”, “♂ Peril. ruficornis (F.), Z. Bouček det. 1984” (
Associated with
Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Nigeria, Peoples’ Republic of China, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. New species to Greece, South Korea and Turkey.
Very similar to
Head and mesosoma mostly green, with golden or bronze reflections; metasoma black, dark green or bronze green in distal half; female flagellum dark brown, lighter ventrally. Body size: 3–4 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Finland: 1♂, “17093”, “Lojo”, “Forsius”, “coll. Hellen”, “Perilampus Perilampus Hellén ♂, G.J. Kerrich det. 1957”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent BM 1958-391” (
Associated with
Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden.
Very similar to
Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; mesosoma rarely with faint bluish or bronze reflections; female flagellum brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 1.50–2.75 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig.
Cyprus: 2♀ “Cyprus: Pera Pedi., 13.vi.1937.”, “G.A. Mavromoustakis, B.M. 1937-808”, “♀ Perilampus Perilampus Mayr, Z. Bouček det. 1972” (
Associated with
Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Peoples’ Republic of China, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. New species to Cyprus, Greece, Spain and Turkey.
Face without a horn (Fig.
See generic diagnosis.
Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site Malaise, 04.VII -10.VII.2007,
Associated with
Austria, Canada, Hungary; recently recorded from Poland (
Apart from the characters mentioned in the diagnosis,
We here report taxonomic and faunistic data for three genera of
The European species of
Species / new to | Europe | Austria | Cyprus | Greece | Romania | South Korea | Spain | Sweden | Turkey |
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One of the most surprising discoveries was the presence of
The most common species identified in this study, as reflected by the number of collected specimens, was
Given the scarcity of studies regarding the Palaearctic fauna of
We are grateful to Jakovos Demetriou, Lucian Fusu, Filitsa Karamaouna, Ovidiu Popovici, Gordon Ramel and Pierre Tripotin for collecting many of the specimens used in this study, and to Ernst Klimsa for providing data on