Female (Figs 1–3). Length, 4.0 mm. Head black, labrum and mandible whitish. Antenna black with first and second antennomeres dark orange. Thorax black with pronotum, tegula, mesoprescutum, and mesonotal lateral lobes red; mesosternum dark orange. Legs mostly white; tarsi black, tibiae with apex black and spot of black near base, black more distinct on hind tibia. Abdomen black. Wings darkly infuscated, slightly lighter toward apex; veins and stigma black.

Head smooth and shining, without punctures or other sculpture. Antennal length 1.3× head width. Lower interocular distance about 1.2× eye height. Distances between eye and hind ocellus, between hind ocelli, and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head as 1.0:1.2:0.5. Clypeus with shallow central emargination. Interantennal area rounded, without carina. Malar space about 1.3× diameter of front ocellus. Postocellar area very short, almost non-existent, sloping downward just behind lateral ocelli; without lateral postocellar grooves. Forewing with 4 cubital cells, first cubital crossvein may be weak. Hind basitarsomere 0.9× length of remaining tarsomeres combined. Sheath uniformly slender in dorsal view, straight above and rounded below in lateral view. Lancet (Fig. 12) with serrulae moderately deep, with 1 or 2 anterior and 4-5 posterior subbasal teeth; annuli slightly curved in basal half, straighter in apical half; short hairs on annuli.

Male. Unknown.

Holotype female, labeled “Voucher: D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, DB: http://Janzen.sas.upenn.edu, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 11-SRNP-20098, ” “legs away for DNA” (USNM). Paratypes: Same data except for voucher numbers, 10-SRNP-22258 (♀), 10-SRNP-22259 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22260 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22263 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22264 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22265 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22266 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22269 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22272 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22273 (1 ♀), 10- SRNP-22274 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20096 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20099 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20104 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20105 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20109 (1 ♀), 11- SRNP-20110 (1 ♀) (USNM, INBio).

This species is named in honor of Jose Fernandez-Triana of Ottawa, Canada, in recognition of his outstanding efforts to describe and otherwise clarify the taxonomy of the many hundreds of species of microgastrine braconid wasps being reared by the same inventory that discovered this new sawfly.

All specimens of Atomacera josefernandezi were found as tiny spun cocoons on the leaves of Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae). While the cocoons of all other species of sawflies reared by the ACG inventory have been ovoid in shape, the cocoons of Atomacera josefernandezi are conspicuously squared off at both ends, making them look like small bricks (Fig. 16). The larvae were not seen, and this may not be the food plant. However, we suspect that it is the food plant because the many cocoons were all on one individual of Hampea appendiculata and not scattered over other individual plants, and were accompanied by large areas of strongly skeletonized leaves. There were two sets, apparently broods, of wild-caught cocoons (2010 and 2011) in the same area on the same species of plant, again suggesting that this really is the food plant.

The combination of the following characters will distinguish Atomacera josefernandezi from other species of Atomacera: tegula, pronotum, and mesonotum (except mesoscutellum) red; mesosternum dark orange; tibiae mostly white with some black at base and apex; interantennal area rounded, without a carina; clypeus, supraclypeal area, and areas surrounding antennae smooth, shiny, without sculpture; very short postocellar area, lacking lateral furrows; and lancet (Fig. 12) with distinct serrulae and short hairs on the annuli. With the red pronotum, tegula, and most of the mesonotum and mostly white tibiae, this species will run to couplet 10, Atomacera ebena Smith, in the key to Atomacera (Smith 1992). Atomacera ebena is separated from Atomacera josefernandezi by the presence of a short interantennal carina, the clypeus, supraclypeal area, and interantennal area punctate, the postocellar area defined by lateral furrows, a red mesoscutellum, most of the hind tarsi white, and the lancet with very low serrulae and lacking annular hairs (Fig. 13). This species is also similar to Atomacera nama Smith, but Atomacera nama has the legs black, metascutellum and metascutellum orange, and flatter serrulae on the lancet (Smith 1992: fig. 113).

Atomacera josefernandezi DNA barcodes (Janzen and Hallwachs 2011) are very distinctively different from all other species of Argidae and Tenthredinidae reared to date in ACG. However, it is noteworthy that the 2010 rearing consistently differed by what appears to be 1 basepair from the 2011 rearing, a very shallow split that needs to be analyzed with a larger sample size. All the specimens found within a year, to date, are likely to be sibs, and therefore in one sense we have DNA barcoded only two specimens (= two broods).

The New World genus Atomacera includes about 32 species, 30 of which are Neotropical and were keyed by Smith (1992). It occurs from Canada to Argentina. Only five species apart from the one recorded here have been associated with food plants. Atomacera pubicornis (Fabricius) from northern South America feeds on Ipomoea sp. (Convolvulaceae) (Smith 1992), Atomacera petroa Smith has been reared from Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in Costa Rica (Badenes-Perez and Johnson 2007), and Atomacera raza (99-SRNP-4547), also reared by the ACG inventory (Smith and Janzen 2003a), was feeding on leaves of Malvaviscus palmanus (Malvaceae). The Nearctic species Atomacera debilis Say feeds on Desmodium sp. (Fabaceae), and Atomacera decepta Rohwer feeds on Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae) (Smith 1969).

This species was described from a single female from Cartago, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Another species, Eriglenum crudum Konow, was reared from Maechaerium acuminatum Kunth (Fabaceae) in ACG (Smith and Janzen 2003a). Eriglenum occurs from Mexico to northern Argentina; see Smith (1992) for separation of the four species.

Known only from Costa Rica.

Nine specimens from two broods were reared, with voucher codes 03-SRNP-11949, 03-SRNP-11951, 03-SRNP-11952, 03-SRNP-11953, 08-SRNP-70547, 08-SRNP-70548, 08-SRNP-70549 (Fig. 16), 08-SRNP-70550, and 08-SRNP-70551. They were reared from larvae feeding on leaves of Machaerium seemannii Benth. Ex Seem. (Fabaceae). The tough, oval cocoon was formed on a leaf (Fig. 18).

Specimens in USNM from Venezuela bear a label “caterpillar on Inya sp.” (Smith 1992). This is probably a misspelling for Inga. Ptenos occurs from southwestern United States and Dominica to Argentina; about 31 species are known, which were keyed by Smith (1992) under the name Hemidianeura. Host plants are not known for the other species.

Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz), Panama, Surinam, Venezuela (Smith 1992).

Nine ACG specimens were reared, with voucher codes 99-SRNP-17561, 99-SRNP-17562, 01-SRNP-22641, 06-SRNP-31799, 06-SRNP-31799.1, 06-SRNP-31799.2, 06-SRNP-31799.3, 06-SRNP-317799.4, and 06-SRNP-31799.5. Larvae were feeding on foliage of Inga vera Willd. (ACG dry forest) and Inga oerstediana Benth (Fabaceae) (ACG rain forest).

This species was reared from Cnestidium rufescens Planch. (Connaraceae) in Panama, and the larva was described and biological notes given by Kimsey and Smith (1985). Ptilia occurs from Mexico to Brazil; seven species are known (Smith 1992).

Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso); Colombia; Costa Rica; Guyana; Panama; Surinam; Trinidad and Tobago (both islands); Venezuela (Smith 1992).

One ACG specimen was reared (03-SRNP-20546), feeding on very young foliage of the rain forest woody vine Cnestidium rufescens, confirming the report by Kimsey and Smith (1985). A related species, Ptilia versicolor (Klug), feeds on Rourea glabra Kunth (Connaraceae) in ACG (Smith and Janzen 2003a).

This is one of the more common species of Scobina in Central America, but the host plant was not known. Scobina includes about 50 species from Mexico to Argentina, and they were keyed by Smith (1992). Host information was known for only three species, Scobina guatemalensis (Dalla Torre), Scobina consobrina (Norton), and Scobina notaticollis (Konow), all of which fed on the foliage of Sida (Malvaceae).

Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama (Smith 1992).

One larva (07-SRNP-40019) was found eating mature leaves of rain forest Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae), a common pasture and roadside woody herb. The fibrous, oval cocoon was on a leaf (Fig. 19).

Costa Rica is the northernmost record for this species.

Bolivia; Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela (Smith 1992).

One larva (Fig. 20) was found feeding on foliage of ACG rain forest Sida rhombifolia (06-SRNP-44107).

Dochmioglene includes about 11 species distributed from Central America to Argentina (Smith, unpublished). The genus has not been revised. The reared specimen (Figs 4–6) agrees with Dochmioglene crassa except for the lack of a black mark on the mesoprescutum. This mark, however, is faint to absent in some other specimens examined.

Dochmioglene belongs in the subfamily Selandriinae, which includes many species associated with ferns. This rearing, and that of the following species, confirms that larvae of many Neotropical selandriine species may be feeding on fern foliage.

Cameron (1883) described the female from “Guatemala, San Isidro 1600 feet” and mentioned that a male from El Tumbador may be the male of the species. Because Cameron did not designate a holotype, apparently included a male, and did not state how many specimens were available, a lectotype is here designated. The female of Selandria crassa in in BMNH, labeled “Type H.T., ” “B.M. type: Hym. 1.266, ” “B.C.A. Hymen. I, Selandria crassa Cam., ” “San Isidro, 1600 ft., Champion” and “Selandria crassa Cam., type, BCA Hy 1, 10” is designated the lectotype. The combination in Dochmioglene has not been published and is based on study of the type by DRS.

Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Surinam (Smith, unpublished).

One specimen, 09-SRNP-32388, was found feeding on the foliage of an ACG rain forest fern, Lomariopsis vestita E. Fourn. (Lomariopsidaceae).

Only parts of the reared adult are stored in a gelatin capsule. They are sufficient to place it in Dochmioglene, but there is not enough left to tell if this is the same as Dochmioglene crassa or another species. Since the host plant is different than that of Dochmioglene crassa and we cannot be sure it is the same, we here consider it as a second reared species of the genus in ACG, with the interim name of Dochmioglene Smith03.

Known only from the single specimen from ACG.

One specimen, 09-SRNP-21528, was found feeding on the foliage of a rain forest fern, Blechnum occidentale L. (Blechnaceae).

Waldheimia is a large genus of nearly 100 species and occurs from southwestern United States to Argentina. Waldheimia laeta is separated by its black head, wings yellow with apices black, abdomen orange with apex black, and the very short, triangular lancet with indiscernible serrulae.

The host plants of five species of Waldheimia in Costa Rica are now known: Waldheimia laeta and Waldheimia lucianocapellii are treated here. Waldheimia suturalis (Cameron) feeds on very young leaves of Cissus rhombifolia Vahl, Waldheimia fascipennis (Norton) feeds on very young leaves of Cissus pseudosicyoides Croat (Vitaceae), and Waldheimia interstitialis (Cameron) feeds on leaves of Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae) (Smith and Janzen 2003b).

Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela (Smith, unpublished)

One specimen, 09-SRNP-6456, found feeding on very young leaves of ACG dry forest Cissus alata Jacq. (Vitaceae), the same host genus as Waldheimia suturalis and Waldheimia fascipennis (Smith and Janzen 2003b). This sawfly did not spin a cocoon, but rather pupated naked in the leaf litter.

Female (Figs 7–9). Length, 7.0 mm. Antenna black with antennomeres 1 and 2 and basal 2/3 of 3rd yellow. Head yellow with area just in front of anterior ocellus to posterior margin of head and hind orbits above eyes black; apex of mandible reddish. Thorax yellow with triangular black spot on mesoprescutum. Abdomen yellow with apical segments and sheath black. Legs yellow, apex of foretarsus and apex of midtarsus infuscated; apical 2/3 of hind tibia, apical 2/3 of hind basitarsomere, and apical 4 hind tarsomeres black. Wings fasciated, area apical to apex of stigma and area basal to intercostal veins darkly infuscated, center yellow; extreme base of costa yellow; stigma yellow; veins in yellow area, yellow; veins in infuscated area, black.

Antenna 2.0× head width, apical 4 segments longer than broad and shorter than segments 4 and 5 combined. Lower interocular distance 0.8× eye length; distances between eye and hind ocellus, between hind ocelli, and between hind ocellus and posterior margin of head as 1.0:1.0:1.0. Malar space absent. Hind basitarsomere longer than following tarsomeres combined. Sheath rounded at apex in lateral view. Lancet (Fig. 14) with serrulae flat, each with 7-9 fine subbasal teeth; annular hairs dense, short.

Male. Length, 7.0 mm. Similar in color to female. Male genitalia in Figs 10, 11; harpe tapering to rounded apex; parapenis rounded on inner margin, almost straight on outer margin; valviceps of penis valve with long, rounded dorsal lobe.

. Holotype female labeled, “Barro Colorado, CZ, Pan., R.C. Shannon, VII-19-23” (USNM). Paratypes: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Is., 9°9'N, 79°51'W, 8–15 Feb. 1995, J. Pickering (1 ♀); same data except 3 May, 1995 (1 ♀), 19–26 Jan. 1994 (1 ♀); Panama, Canal Zone, Barrow Colorado Is., 9 May 1978, in Malaise trap, 20 m up in Tachigaua, Rainer Krell (1 ♂) (USNM).

Costa Rica, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, lat11.01926 long -85.40997, 14 Oct 2005, 05-SRNP-33935 (1 ♀, USNM) (http://Janzen.sas.upenn.edu).

This species in named in honor of Luciano Capelli of San Jose, Costa Rica, for his intense and generous efforts to publicize ACG conservation with outstanding video and photographs for the Costa Rican and international public.

One specimen, 05-SRNP-33935), was reared from Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki (Dilleniaceae). The larva (Figs 21, 22) is very similar to that of Waldheimia interstitialis, illustrated by Smith and Janzen (2003b: fig.3).

The specimen reared from Costa Rica is not complete and is not included in the type series. However, enough is present, including the lancet, to show it is the same as the specimens from Panama. It DNA barcodes as far from the other 4 species of Waldheimia that were DNA barcoded, as they do from each other.

This species is similar to Waldheimia duckei Konow of South America, but Waldheimia lucianocapellii is separated by the mostly black mesoprescutum, white base of the hind tibia and base of the hind basitarsomere, yellow antennomeres 1 and 2 and base of 3^rd, head pale from above antennae to clypeus, and low flat serrulae of the lancet (Fig. 14). The only other species with which it might be confused in Costa Rica is Waldheimia fascipennis, which also has the wings broadly black at the base and apex and yellow at the center; however, Waldheimia fascipennis has an entirely orange head, entirely white hind basitarsomere, and deeper serrulae on the lancet (Fig. 15).