Research Article |
Corresponding author: James M. Carpenter ( carpente@amnh.org ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2018 Ting-Jing Li, James M. Carpenter.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li T-J, Carpenter JM (2018) A taxonomic account of the genus Labus de Saussure, 1867 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 23-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26976
|
Three new species namely Labus edentatus sp. n. from China L. sparsipunctus sp. n. from Thailand and L. robustus sp. n. from Indonesia are described and illustrated. Both L. amoenus van der Vecht 1935 and L. pusillus van der Vecht 1963 are newly recorded from China and Vietnam and L. angularis van der Vecht 1935 is also firstly recorded from China. An updated key to the world species of the genus Labus is provided.
Hymenoptera, Vespidae , Eumeninae , Labus , new species
The genus Labus de Saussure is an Oriental genus containing 13 species (
The specimens examined are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (USA), Chongqing Normal University (China), Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (Thailand), and Yunnan Agricultural University (China), respectively. Descriptions and measurements were made under a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ1500), and all figures were taken with Microptics-USA/Visionary Digital photomicrographic system developed by Roy Larimer and multiple layers stacked using Helicon Focus. The ratios used throughout the descriptions were measured in the same magnification of the stereomicroscope. All measurements were taken as the maximal length of body parts measured. Body length was measured from the anterior margin of the head to the posterior margin of metasomal tergum 2. For the density description of punctures, “sparsely” means that interspaces are larger than punctures diameter, “moderately” means equal to the diameter, and “densely” means less than the diameter. Terminology principally follows van der
The abbreviations used in the text are shown as follows:
A1 for antennal segment 1,
A2 for antennal segment 2,
T1 for metasomal tergum 1,
T2 for metasomal tergum 2,
S1 for metasomal sternum 1,
S2 for metasomal sternum 2, and so on.
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York
CQNU Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing
QSBG Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai
YNAU Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming
Labus
de Saussure, 1867: 3; van der
Labus spiniger de Saussure, 1867, by subsequent designation of
Body slender; in female frons with fovea in front of the anterior ocellus; tegula not exceeding parategula posteriorly; pronotum usually without normal transverse carina; metanotum dentiform mesally; submarginal carina of propodeum produced posteriorly; propodeal valvula elongate, rectangular; second submarginal cell of forewing forming obtuse angle basally; midtibia with one spur; metasoma petiolate, petiole abruptly swollen apically (
Oriental Region.
Holotype, ♀, China: Hongkong, Hung Fa Leng, 50Q KK 108 854, 435m, 16.IV–16.V. 2014, Yiu Vor, HFL-Moo1.F.Hy.9, deposited in AMNH.
Female (Figs
Head. In front view head (Fig.
Mesosoma. Anterior angles of pronotum projecting only slightly, pronotal transverse carina obsolete; punctures on pronotum, mesoscutum, mesepisternum and scutellum slightly denser and their interspaces duller than those on frons; metanotum with an acute tubercle in the middle; propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina (Fig.
Metasoma. Metasomal petiole (Fig.
China (Hongkong).
This species resembles L. pusillus van der Vecht, 1963 by propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina and swollen part of metasomal petiole as long as or longer than half of the length of the petiole. It differs from L. pusillus and all other members of the genus by the following character combination: the median portion of clypeus less produced, its emargination wide medially and lateral teeth slightly blunter (Fig.
The specific name edentatus is derived from two Latin words: e- and dentatus, referring to propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina.
Holotype, ♀, Thailand, Loei Phu Ruea NPPhaLonNoi, 17°30.502'N, 101°20.868'E, 1343m, Pan traps, 5–6.III.2007, Patikhom Tumtip, T2297, deposited in QSBG; 1♂, Thailand, Loei Phu Ruea NPPhaLonNoi, 17°30.502'N, 101°20.868'E, 1343m, Malaise trap, 12–19.III.2007, Patikhom Tumtip, T2307, deposited in AMNH.
Female (Figs
Labus sparsipunctus sp. n. 6 habitus of holotype (dorsal view), ♀ 7 habitus of paratype (dorsal view), ♂ 8 head of holotype (frontal view), ♀ 9 frontal fovea of holotype, ♀ 10 head of paratype (frontal view), ♂ 11 propodeum of paratype (dorsal view), ♂ 12 metasomal petiole of paratype, ♂.
Head. Head (Fig.
Mesosoma. Anterior angles of pronotum projecting slightly, pronotal anterior and transverse carina obsolete, punctures on pronotum dense, interspaces less than punctures, mesoscutum and scutellum sparsely punctate, interspaces more than punctures, mesepisternum dull and coriaceous, with sparse punctures; metanotum with a small and blunt tubercle in the middle; propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina (Fig.
Metasoma. Metasomal petiole relatively long and slender, total length of petiole 7.53× its basal width and 2.76× apical one, swollen part of metasomal petiole almost as long as half of the length of the petiole and shiny with scattered minute punctures; linear part of petiole slightly rugosely punctate; each of T2 and S2 with an apical translucent lamella, and sparsely covered with extremely minute and shallow punctures.
Male (Figs
Thailand.
This species is allied to L. clypeatus van der Vecht, 1935 from Indonesia, with which it has the following characters in common: propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina, and swollen part of metasomal petiole less than half of the length of the petiole (Fig.
The specific name sparsipunctus is derived from two Latin words: sparsus and punctus, referring to frons sparsely punctate in female.
Holotype, ♂, Indonesia, W. Java, Kereteg, 10.VI.1965, J.E. Lukavsky, deposited in AMNH.
Male (Figs
Head. Head in front view (Fig.
Mesosoma. Anterior angles of pronotum projecting moderately, pronotal anterior and transverse carina present, punctures on pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum similar to those on frons; mesepisternum coarsely punctate and punctures slightly denser than that of other parts; metanotum with a small tubercle in the middle; propodeum posteriorly on each side with a moderate tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina (Fig.
Metasoma. Metasomal petiole (Fig.
Indonesia (Java).
This species resembles L. postpetiolatus Gusenleitner, 1988 from Thailand by metasomal petiole short and stout, its total length about 4.5× basal width, and its linear part distinctly rugosely punctate (Figs
The specific name is derived from one Latin word: robustus, referring to metasomal petiole stout.
Labus
armatus
Cameron, 1900: 536;
Labus
amoenus
van der Vecht, 1935: 159, 161, 162; 1963: 9;
8♀♀2♂♂, Vietnam, Nghē An Prov. Khe Bo 19°3'N, 104°43'E, 123m, 25–28.IV.1998, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 1♂, Vietnam: Hà Giang Prov. Cao Bō, Tham Ve River 22°45'N, 104°55'E, 295m, 24–25.IV.2000, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 2♀♀2♂♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Puer City, Lancang County, Mulan Town, 27.VII.2014, Pan Huang (CQNU); 2♂♂, Malaysia, Johor Panti Forest Reserve 01°51.45'N, 103°53.10'E, 23m, 1. VI. 2009, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 2♀♀, Malaysia, Johor Kota Tinggi Waterfalls, 01°49,45'N, 103°50.02'E, 16m, 1.VI.2009, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 1♂, Malaysia, Johor Panti Nature Park, 01°47.16'N, 103°56.33'E, 27m, 30.VII.2009, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 1♂, Thailand, Phetchabun Khao Kho NP decid. Forest 16°39.587'N, 101°08.134'E, 220m, Malaise trap, 26.II–5.III.2007, Somchai Chachumnan & Saink Singtong leg. (AMNH); 1♂, Thailand, Phetchabun Khao Kho NP decid. Forest, 16°32.539'N, 101°2.483'E,524m, Malaise trap, 12–19.XII.2006, Somchai Chachumnan & Saink Singtong leg. (AMNH); 1♂, Thailand, Ratchathani Pha Taem NPE. of ThungLuang Dipt. for 15°39.989'N, 105°30.468'E, 238m, Malaise trap, 1–7.I.2007, Thongkam & Pakdee leg. (AMNH); 1♀, Thailand, Chaiyaphum TatToneNP Nrsry at hd.wtr., 15°58,344'N, 102°2.169'E, 257m, Malaise trap, 19–26.II.2007, Tawit Jaruphan & Orawan Budsawong leg. (AMNH); 1♂, Singapore, under bank Felled trees New Road by Racecourse, 25.IV.1976 (AMNH).
Body length 7.0–8.0 mm; head (Figs
Vietnam (new record), China (new record); India; Laos; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia.
Labus
angularis
van der Vecht, 1935: 161, 164;
2♀♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna City, Mengla County, Shangyong Town, Longmen Village, 2011.VIII.3–5, Yong Zhou (CQNU).
Head (Fig.
China (new record); India; Myanmar; Thailand; Indonesia.
Labus
clypeatus
van der Vecht, 1935: 162, 166–167;
No specimens examined.
Clypeus somewhat shorter, the median portion less produced, its teeth slightly blunter; spine of metanotum somewhat blunter; posterior excavation of propodeum not margined above, and propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina; apical lamellae sharp; metasomal petiole slender, its total length more than 9× basal width, the swollen part more than 3× as wide as the basal linear part, about 2/3× as long as the lineal part and more gradually swollen than in L. spiniger de Saussure, 1867; punctuation the same as in L. spiniger (van der
Vietnam; Indonesia (Java).
Eumenes
exiguus
de Saussure, 1855: 150;
Labus
exigua
: Dover, 1925: 291; van der
No specimens examined.
The original description of the species gave insufficient detail to distinguish it from other species. Head wider than long, without indentation; metasomal petiole punctate and without bulging, widening a little back and forth, then truncated right to its articulation, and carrying two insensitive tubercles in front of its middle; S2 bell-shaped, but very short, appreciably wider than long, strongly swollen above and below, and offering at its posterior edge a strong duplication of the teguments; second cubital cell strongly narrowed towards the radial and prolonged at its posterior border, but at its external angle; antennal hooks very small; scape yellow beneath; pronotum anteriorly with a yellow, narrow, perfectly regular and medianly interrupted band, and each of T1–T2 and S2 with a yellow apical band; legs ferrugineous, with some parts of femora and mid tibia black (de
Malaysia; Singapore; China: Hong Kong.
Labus
humbertianus
de Saussure, 1867: 4;
No specimens examined.
Body black, with yellowish white and brown markings. Yellowish white markings are as follows: anterior margin of horizontal portion of pronotum, parategula, at apical lamellar spine of the propodeum, fore tibiae on outer side, mid tibiae with a small yellow mark at base, a narrow thin transverse band at the posterior apex of T1, and a thin transverse band on T2 and S2. Brown markings are as follows: tegula (almost brownish black) except a small yellow mark at apex, propodeal valvula, and tarsi (partly); wings rather strongly infuscated; head and thorax densely and coarsely punctate; frontal fovea large, distinctly larger than the anterior ocellus, concavity of fovea divided by a blunt and low median ridge; pronotal spine rather short and conical; propodeum on each side with a long and sharp tooth above the apical lamellar spine; petiole coarsely and densely punctate, except on the swollen part which is sparsely and more finely punctate; swollen part as long as half of the length of the petiole (van der
India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar.
Labus
lofuensis
Giordani Soika, 1973: 99;
1♀1♂, China, Hainan Prov.,Ta Hau, 4. VII. 1935, L. Gressit (AMNH).
Body (Figs
China (first record from Hainan); Vietnam.
Labus
philippinensis
Giordani Soika, 1986: 78;
2♂♂, Philipphines, Laguna, I.R.R. I.Univ. Phil. Los Banos, 13.III.1980, J.Kojima (AMNH); 1♂, Philipphines, Bataan Prov. Luzon, Dinalupihan Municipality, 5.5 mi. w. of Culo, 16.IX.1945, P.I. Richard Dow (AMNH); 1♀, Philipphines, Pampanga Prov. Luzon, Road west of Ft. Stotsepburg, 4.X.1945, P.I. Richard Dow (AMNH).
Body (Figs
Philippines.
Labus
postpetiolatus
Gusenleitner, 1988: 174;
1♂, Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Chiang Dao Farm, 24–25.IX.1999, M.I. Wibawa (AMNH).
Body (Fig.
Thailand.
Labus
pusillus
van der Vecht, 1963: 6;
1♀1♂, Sri Lanka, Central Pro., Kandy Dist. Vic. Randenigala Rantembe Sanct. 07°13'N, 80°57'E, 13.VIII.1999, MT M. & J. Wasbauer (AMNH); 1♀, Sri Lanka, Central Prov., Kandy Dist. U. Peradeniya Gannoruwa Forest Area, 250 m, 07°17'N, 80°36'E, 13–14.VIII.1999, MT M. & J. Wasbauer (AMNH); 1♀, Sri Lanka, Central Prov., Kandy Dist. U. Peradeniya Hantana Mt., 7°15'N, 80°37'E, 10–14.VIII.1999, MT M. & J. Wasbauer (AMNH); 1♂, Sri Lanka, Nilgala Uva Prov., 1–14. VII. 1968, P. B. Karunaratne (AMNH); 1♀1♂, Vietnam, Nghē An Prov., Khe Bo, 19°03'N, 104°43'E, 123 m, 25–28.IV.1998, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 1♀, Vietnam, Ha Giang Prov., Du Gia commune, 22°54'N, 105°14'E, 680 m, 29–30.IV.2000, James M. Carpenter (AMNH); 1♂, India: Cherangode, Nilgiri Hills 3500, V, 1950, P. S. Nathan; 1♀, Sri Lanka, Colomlo; 2♀1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Lijiang City, Yulong County, Shudi valley, 4. V. 2004, Ting-Jing Li (CQNU); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Kunming City, Ciba Town, Helongtan mountain, 19.VI.2002, Peng Wang (CQNU); 1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Dali City, Gucheng Town, Yitasi, 19.VIII. 2003, Ming Luo (YNAU); 1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Puer City, Jingdong County, nearby Chuan river, 28.IV.2004, Kai Wu (YNAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Wenshan City, Qiubei County, Liulangdong, 3.V.2004, Peng Wang (CQNU); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Puer City, Jingdong County, Xujiaba, 30.IV.2005, Li Ma (YNAU); 1♀, China, Yunnan Prov., Baoshan City, Lujiang Ba, Pumanshao, 17.VII.2006, Rui Zhang (YNAU); 2♀♀2♂♂, China, Sichuan Prov., Panzhihua City, Miyi County, Baima, 29.VII.2011, Ting-Jing Li (CQNU); 1♀, China, Sichuan Prov., Liangshan City, Dechang County, Yonglang Town, 1.VIII.2011, Tingjing Li (CQNU).
Body (Figs
China (new record); Vietnam (new record); India; Sri Lanka; Nepal.
Labus
rufomaculatus
van der Vecht, 1963: 8;
No specimens examined.
Closely allied to L. amoenus van der Vecht, 1935 with the following characters in common: head higher than wide, the sides slightly flattened; anterior lateral angles of pronotum each produced into a sharp spine; metanotum with sharp median tooth; propodeum, as seen in profile, with short blunt tooth above the apical tooth; metasomal petiole relatively long and slender (Van der
Indonesia.
Labus
spiniger
de Saussure, 1867: 4; van der
1♀, China, Hainan Prov., Ta Hau, 04.VII.1935, L. Gressitt (AMNH); 1♂, China, Hainan Prov., Ta Hian, 19.VI.1935, L. Gressit (AMNH).
Frons coarsely and densely punctate (Figs
China (new record); Indonesia.
Labus
sumatrensis
Giordani Soika, 1991: 163;
No specimens examined.
Allied to L. angularis van der Vecht, 1935 mainly distinguished by the shape of clypeus which is very weakly marginalized at the apex, with apical teeth replaced by two undeveloped tubercles; punctures on frons thicker than those in L. angularis and on thorax visibly larger, punctuation of metasoma approximately as in L. angularis (
Indonesia.
Labus
vandervechti
Giordani Soika, 1958: 83; van der
No specimens examined.
Very closely allied to L. spiniger de Saussure, 1867 (van der
Indonesia.
In the below key, information on L. clypeatus van der Vecht, L. exiguus (de Saussure), L. humbertianus de Saussure, L. rufomaculatus van der Vecht, L. sumatrensis Giordani Soika and L. vandervechti Giordani Soika is extracted from the original descriptions, and the characters of other species were studied on specimens.
1 | Propodeum posteriorly on each side without a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina (Figs |
2 |
– | Propodeum posteriorly on each side with a tooth above the apical spine formed by the submarginal carina (Figs |
5 |
2 | Swollen part of metasomal petiole as long as or longer than half of the length of the petiole (Figs |
3 |
– | Swollen part of metasomal petiole less than half of the length of the petiole (Fig. |
4 |
3 | The median portion of clypeus less produced, its emargination wide medially and lateral teeth slightly blunter (Fig. |
L. edentatus sp. n. |
– | The median portion of clypeus slightly more produced, its emargination narrower medially and lateral teeth sharper (Figs |
L. pusillus van der Vecht, 1963 |
4 | Frons sparsely punctate and more shiny between the punctures (Figs |
L. sparsipunctus sp. n. |
– | Frons coarsely and densely punctate, and duller between the punctures; total length of petiole more than 9× basal width | L. clypeatus van der Vecht, 1935 |
5 | The linear part of metasomal petiole short and wide, and distinctly rugosely punctuate, total length of petiole about or less than 4.51× basal width (Figs |
6 |
– | The linear part of metasomal petiole long and narrow, and just slightly rugosely punctuate, total length of petiole at least more than 6.5× basal width (Figs |
7 |
6 | The tooth above the apical spine of propodeum sharply acute and high, and far away from apical spine (Fig. |
L. postpetiolatus Gusenleitner, 1988 |
– | The tooth above the apical spine of propodeum comparatively blunter and lower, and closer to the apical spine (Fig. |
L. robustus sp. n. |
7 | Swollen part of metasomal petiole half of the length of the petiole | 8 |
– | Swollen part of metasomal petiole less than half of the length of the petiole (Figs |
9 |
8 | Legs black, with the following parts yellow: fore tibiae on outerside and mid tibiae with a small mark at base (van der |
L. humbertianus de Saussure, 1867 |
– | Legs ferrugineous, only with some parts of femora and midtibia black (van der |
L. exiguus (de Saussure, 1855) |
9 | Head in frontal view as long as wide, its sides rounded (Figs |
10 |
– | Head in frontal view longer than wide, its sides somewhat flattened (Figs |
12 |
10 | Clypeus distinctly punctate, punctures larger and relatively denser (Figs |
L. philippinensis Giordani Soika, 1986 |
– | Clypeus less distinctly punctate, punctures sparser (Fig. |
11 |
11 | Punctures on frons thicker than in the L. angularis and those on mesosoma visibly larger | L. sumatrensis Giordani Soika, 1991 |
– | Punctures on frons sparser and those on mesosoma smaller than the above species | L. angularis van der Vecht, 1935 |
12 | Frons not carinate; body with red or ferruginous spots and without yellow marks | L. rufomaculatus van der Vecht, 1963 |
– | Inter-antennal carina continued on lower part of frons; body with distinct yellow spots or bands | 13 |
13 | Metasomal petiole at least partly red or reddish brown, with yellow apical narrow band; frontal fovea relatively bigger (Figs |
14 |
– | Metasomal petiole black, with narrow yellow apical band; frontal fovea smaller (Fig. |
15 |
14 | The horizontal part of the propodeum punctate, the punctures comparatively smaller; the sides of the propodeum rugose and rather dull between the punctures; the transverse ridge at apex of propodeum less pronounced | L. spiniger de Saussure, 1867 |
– | The horizontal part of the propodeum more distinctly punctate, the punctures not much closer, but slightly larger, and better defined; the sides of the propodeum more shiny between the punctures, the transverse ridge at apex of propodeum more pronounced, as seen in profile forming a more distinctly projecting tooth (Giordani Soika 1958; van der |
L. vandervechti Giordani Soika, 1958 |
15 | In female, frontal fovea much deeper, distinctly defined, and rounded (Fig. |
L. lofuensis Giordani Soika, 1973 |
– | In female, frontal fovea shallow, longer than wide, not distinctly defined (Fig. |
L. amoenus van der Vecht, 1935 |
We are very grateful to Christophe Barthélémy (Hongkong, China) for sending the specimen and allowing its deposition in AMNH. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos: 31772490, 31372247, 31000976), Young Talent Incubation Programme of Chongqing Normal University (14CSDG07).