Research Article |
Corresponding author: Maksim Yu. Proshchalykin ( proshchalikin@biosoil.ru ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2018 Yulia V. Astafurova, Maksim Yu. Proshchalykin, Maximilian Schwarz.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Astafurova YV, Proshchalykin MY, Schwarz M (2018) The cuckoo bee genus Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in Iran. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 66: 39-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.66.29269
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An overview is provided of the Iranian fauna of cleptoparastic bee species in the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Halictinae: Halictini: Sphecodina). In total, 25 species are recorded from Iran, eight of which are newly recorded for the country: Sphecodes anatolicus Warncke, 1992, S. croaticus Meyer, 1922, S. haladai Warncke, 1992, S. pectoralis Morawitz, 1876, S. rubicundus Hagens, 1875, S. rufiventris (Panzer, 1798), S. saxicolus Warncke, 1992, and S. tadschicus Blüthgen, 1935. A new species S. ebmeri Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. n. (Mazandaran) is described and illustrated. For many species of Sphecodes the distribution data within Iran are enlarged.
taxonomy, new species, new records, fauna, Palaearctic region
Sphecodes Latreille, 1804 is a large genus of family Halictidae distributed worldwide except in the Polar Regions. Most Sphecodes species are cleptoparasites of Lasioglossum Curtis and Halictus Latreille (Halictidae), but some attack nests of other pollen-collecting short-tongued bees, Nomioides Schenck (Halictidae), Andrena Fabricius, Calliopsis Smith, Melitturga Latreille, and Perdita Smith (Andrenidae), Colletes Latreille and Lonchopria Vachal (Colletidae), and perhaps Dasypoda Latreille (Melittidae) (
The present paper is part of a series of works dealing with the bees of the genus Sphecodes of the territory of the Palaearctic region (
There are currently 862 species of bee known from Iran (
Here we have attempted to build a survey of Iranian material available and to provide an overview of the 25 species found across Iran. Of these species, eight are recorded for the first time for the Iranian fauna and one species is described as new. For each species we provide a list of Iranian localities from the material examined and give previously published occurrences along with a summary of the wider distribution.
The results presented in this paper are based on 324 specimens collected in Iran and currently housed in the Zoological Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) and private collection of Maximilian Schwarz (Ansfelden, Austria). Acronyms for collections from which specimens were borrowed or are deposited are as follows:
The taxonomy and distribution of species generally follows that of
Specimens were studied with the use of a Leica M205A stereomicroscope and photographs taken with a combination of stereomicroscope Olympus SZX10 and digital camera Canon EOS70D. Final images representing a composite of several photographs taken at different focal planes and combined using Helicon Focus 6. All images were post-processed for contrast and brightness using Adobe Photoshop.
The species are presented alphabetically and those that could not be inspected in this paper are quoted from published sources. Provinces are presented in alphabetical order and the names of provinces are given in bold type. New distributional records are noted with an asterisk (*).
Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Semnan: 10 km W Damghan, 10.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to Finland and Sweden), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (Alborz, *Golestan, Tehran, Semnan), Central Asia, Syria, Israel, Russia (east to Far East), China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Gansu).
East Azerbaijan: 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Kerman: 30 km S Sirjan, 1730 m, 7.VI.2010, (3 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Mazandaran: 20 km S Amoi, 430 m, 6.VI.2014, (4 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]; 10 km S Chaloos, 380 m, 15.VI.2010, (5 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
South and Central Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (*East Azerbaijan, *Golestan, Isfahan, *Kerman, *Mazandaran, Tehran), Central Asia, Russia (east to Khakass Republic), China (Gansu, Xinjiang).
East Azerbaijan: 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Italy (Sicily), Georgia, Armenia, Turkey, *Iran (East Azerbaijan), Central Asia.
Material examined. Mazandaran: Elbrus, 50 km S Chalus, 2800 m, 26.VII.1977, (1 ♀, 8 ♂), leg. A. Ebmer [PCMS]. West Azerbaijan: Serou, 1650 m, 28.V.2010, (2 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 64°), Russia (east to Far East), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (Mazandaran, *West Azerbaijan), Central Asia, Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).
Specimens from Iran differ from specimens from the rest of the range by having an entirely dark metasoma with distinctly punctate T2 in male.
East Azerbaijan: 10 km E Shabestar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♂), M. Halada [PCMS].
South and Central Europe, Russia (European part), Caucasus, Turkey, *Iran (East Azerbaijan), Turkmenistan.
Holotype ♂: Iran, Mazandaran, Elbrus, 50 km S (90 km Straße) Chalus, 2800 m, 26.VII.1977, leg. A.W. Ebmer [OÖLM].
Sphecodes ebmeri Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. n., holotype, male (a, d, f–i), S. nomioides Pesenko, male (b, e), and S. geoffrellus (Kirby), male (c): a–c genitalia, dorsal view d, e antennae, lateral view f habitus, lateral view g head, frontal view h mesosoma, dorsal view i metasoma, dorsal view.
The male is close to Sphecodes nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 owing to similar structure, sculpture of the body including distinctly punctate metasomal terga and similar small trapezoidal gonostylar shape (Fig.
(Male). (Fig.
Mesosoma black; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with coarse punctures (20–30 μm) separated by 0.5–2 puncture diameters (Fig.
Metasoma (Fig.
Female unknown.
This species is dedicated to the Austrian hymenopterist Andreas W. Ebmer in recognition of his outstanding contributions to bee researches.
Only known from the type locality in Iran (Mazandaran).
Golestan: 40 km Minudasht, 750 m, 1.VI.2014, (1 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Mazandaran: 10 km N Gashar, 2300 m, 7.VI.2014, (1 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 62°), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (*Golestan, Mazandaran, Zanjan), Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia (east to Irkutsk Prov.), China (Xinjiang).
East Azerbaijan: 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♀, 7 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Gilan: 15 km SE Tutkabon, 1100 m, 9.VI.2014, (2 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]; Tulkabon near Roodbar, 16.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Fars: 10 km E Kazerum, 1990 m, 23.V.2014, (2 ♀, 2 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (2 ♀, 97 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Kerman: 30 km S Sirjan, 1730 m, 7.VI.2010, (21 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; Deh Bakri, 1640 m, 3.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 8 km N Bardsir, 2050 m, 6.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 25 km E Jiroft (Mijan), 1650 m, 27.V.2014, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Razavi Khorasan: Gerirud[=Tedzhen] River, Khorasan, 9.IV.1898, (1 ♀), leg. N. Zarudny [ZISP]. West Azerbaijan: Serou, 1650 m, 28.V.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 63°), North Africa, Turkey, Iran (Alborz, *East Azerbaijan, *Fars, *Gilan, *Golestan, *Kerman, Mazandaran, Qazvin, *Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, *West Azerbaijan), Pakistan, Israel, Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia (east to Yakutia), China (Xinjiang), India (Assam, Sikkim).
Kerman: 20 km E Ghobria, 1780 m, 5.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
*Iran (Kerman), Central Asia.
East Azerbaijan: Tavriz[=Tebriz], 6.VI.1914, (1 ♀), leg. Andrievskiy [ZISP].
Europe (north to Finland, Sweden, Denmark and England), Turkey, Iran (*East Azerbaijan, Zanjan), Syria, Central Asia, China (Gansu, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia), Russia (east to Far East), Japan (Hokkaido, Kyushu, Honshu, Okinawa).
Hamadan: 100 km NE Hamadan, 2100 m, 22.V.1975, (1 ♂), leg. Y. Ressle [PCMS]. Lorestan: Dorud, Laninabad, 670 m, 11.V.2016, (1 ♀), leg. M. Kafka [PCMS]. West Azerbaijan: Serou, 1650 m, 28.V.2010, (3 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; Ilam pr. Ada Man, Dinar Gaouh, 1830 m, 12.V.2016, (2 ♀, 3 ♂), leg. M. Kafka [PCMS].
Europe (north to the Netherlands), Russia (European part), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (Alborz, *Hamadan, *Lorestan, *West Azerbaijan).
East Azerbaijan: Sis, 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Fars: Pab E Neyriz, 2060 m, 18.V.1978, (1 ♀), leg. K. Warncke [PCMS]; 15 km SE Sarvestan, 1800 m, 17.V.1978, (1 ♀), leg. M. Kraus [PCMS]. Gilan: Tulkabon near Roodbar, 16.VI.2010, (2 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 15 km SE Tulkabon, 1100 m, 9.VI.2014, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Kerman: 50 km N Sabzavaran, 2170 m, 24.V.1978, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), leg. K. Warncke [PCMS]; 25 km E Jiroft (Mijan), 1650 m, 27.V.2014, (1 ♀, 3 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]; 40 km S Sirjan, 1870 m, 29.V.2014, (6 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad: Kuh Gol near Sisakht, 9.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Mazandaran: 10 km S Chaloos, 380 m, 15.VI.2010, (5 ♀, 21 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 20 km S Amoi, 430 m, 6.VI.2014, (1 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. North Khorasan: 10 km W Raz, Kopet Dagh, 1200 m, 27.V.2014, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Sistan and Baluchestan: Khash, Iranshekhr, 21.V.1955, (1 ♀), leg. D. Steinberg [ZISP]. South Khorasan: Birjand, 18.VI.1896, (1 ♂), leg. N. Zarudny [ZISP].
Europe (north to 64°), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (Alborz, East Azerbaijan, *Fars, *Gilan, *Golestan, *Kerman, *Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Mazandaran, *North Khorasan, *Sistan and Baluchestan, *South Khorasan, Zanjan), Pakistan, Central Asia, Mongolia, China (Heilongjiang), Russia (east to Far East), India (Jammu, Kashmir).
Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (1 ♀, 3 ♂), M. Halada [PCMS]. Kerman: Jupar, 1900 m, 1.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; Raziabad, 1160 m, 4.VI.2010, (2 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 20 km E Ghobria, 1780 m, 5.VI.2010, (2 ♀, 6 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 8 km N Bardsir, 2050 m, 6.VI.2010, (1 ♀, 3 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 30 km S Sirjan, 1730 m, 7.VI.2010, (3 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Khuzestan: Half Tapeh, 300 km N di Abadan, Canale Dario, 30.VI.1965, (2 ♂), leg. Giordani Soika, Mavromoustakis [PCMS].
South Europe, Russia (South of European part), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (*Golestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, *Kerman, *Khuzestan, Tehran), Pakistan, Israel, Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, China (Gansu, Xinjiang), India (Gujarat).
Razavi Khorasan: ”Khorasan” , 3-4.VIII.1901, (1 ♀), leg. N. Zarudny [ZISP].
*Iran (Razavi Khorasan), Central Asia, China (Gansu, Xinjiang).
East Azerbaijan: Sis, 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (15 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Gilan: 15 km SE Tutkabon, 1100 m, 9.VI.2014, (1 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Kerman: Jupar, 1900 m, 1.VI.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]; 20 km E Ghobria, 1780 m, 5.VI.2010, (8 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. West Azerbaijan: Serou, 1650 m, 28.V.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 66°), North Africa, Turkey, Iran (*East Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Mazandaran, Tehran), Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia (east to Far East), China (Gansu, Xinjiang, Sichuan).
Fars: Monti steppici, 5 km N Di Persepolis, 6.VII.1965, (1 ♀), leg. Giordani Soika, Mavromoustakis [PCMS]. Hamadan: Hamadan, 10.VIII.1964, (1 ♂), leg. G. Bohart [PCMS]. Khuzestan: Half Tapeh, 300 km N di Abadan, Canale Dario, 30.VI.1965, (1 ♀), leg. Giordani Soika, Mavromoustakis [PCMS]. Tehran: Elburz, Pulour, 22 km N di Ab Ali, 11.VII.1965, (1 ♀), leg. Giordani Soika, Mavromoustakis [PCMS].
South Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Israel, Iran (*Fars, Hamadan, *Khuzestan, Tehran), Central Asia, Mongolia, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia), Russia (east to Buryatia), Cape Verde Islands.
East Azerbaijan: Sis, 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♀, 13 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Fars: 10 km E Kazerum, 1990 m, 23.V.2014, (1 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]; Dasht Arjan, 2040 m, 6.V.2016, (1 ♀), leg. M. Kafka [PCMS].
Europe (north to Finland and Sweden), North Africa, Turkey, Iran (Alborz, *East Azerbaijan, *Fars, Hamadan, Tehran), Israel, Central Asia, Mongolia, Russia (east to Far East).
No material examined.
Turkey, Iran (Alborz), Central Asia, Russia (east to Irkutsk Prov.).
West Azerbaijan: Serou, 1650 m, 28.V.2010, (1 ♀), leg. M. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 56°), Russia (European part), North Africa, Caucasus, Turkey, *Iran (West Azerbaijan).
Fars: 10 km E Kazerum, 1990 m, 23.V.2014, (2 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Gilan: 15 km SE Tutkabon, 1100 m, 9.VI.2014, (1 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Mazandaran: 15 km S Alamdeh, 530 m, 7.VI.2014, (1 ♂), leg. J. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 57°), North Africa, Turkey, *Iran (Fars, Mazandaran), Central Asia, Russia (east to Khakass Republic).
Kerman: Zurabad, 3.IV.1898, (1 ♀), leg. N. Zarudny [ZISP].
*Iran (Kerman), Central Asia.
No material examined.
Europe (north to southern England and Latvia), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (Mazadaran), Central Asia, China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Beijing, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Zhejiang), Russia (east to Far East), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), India (Tamil Nadu).
No material examined.
We examined some specimens determined by K. Warncke, P. Bogusch, J. Starka and M. Schwarz from Iran deposited in PCMS and concluded that Sphecodes schenckii has been confused with S. tadschicus Blüthgen in Popov, 1935. The specimen recorded from Alborz Province (
Europe (north to Germany), Russia (European part), Caucasus, Turkey, Iran (?), Israel.
Lorestan: 10 km Dorud, 1520 m, 27.V.2014, (1 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS].
Europe (north to 56°), North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, Russia (east to Altai).
Sphecodes
schenkii
:
East Azerbaijan: Sis, 10 km E Shabeslar, 1540 m, 19.VI.2010, (1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Gilan: 15 km SE Tutkabon, 1100 m, 9.VI.2014, (1 ♀), leg. J. Halada [PCMS]. Golestan: 70 km E Minudasht, 1050 m, 12.VI.2010, (2 ♀, 1 ♂), leg. M. Halada [PCMS]. Semnan: Chashm, 2232 m, 5-7.VII.2011, (1 ♂), leg. A. Timokhov [ZISP]. Mazandaran: Bastam, 27.VI.1965, (1 ♀), leg. Matile [PCMS]; Damavand, 2800 m, 7-8.VII.2011, (1 ♀), leg. A. Timokhov [ZISP]; 20 km S Amol, 430 m, 6.VI.2014, (1 ♀), J. Halada [PCMS]. Yazd: Sanij, 1-4.VI.2011, (1 ♂), leg. A. Timokhov [ZISP].
*Iran, Central Asia.
Iran is a mostly mountainous country, with a landscape dominated by mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. A great variety of terrestrial ecosystems are situated on the territory of Iran: desert, semi-desert, steppe, forest steppe, forests and woodlands. However, dry biotopes occupy the majority of the Country and only 7% of the surface area is forested (most forest is found on the mountain slopes). Landscape and biotope diversity have a great effect on the diversity of bees, observable in the Sphecodes fauna of Iran, which includes forest species of temperate zoneas well as steppe and desert species of subtropics and endemic mountain species.
The majority of the Sphecodes fauna of Iran is formed by 14 widespread species, distributed from Europe to West Siberia or even to the Russian Far East and Japan: These are S. albilabris, S. alternatus, S. crassus, S. ephippius, S. gibbus, S. longulus, S. monilicornis, S. pellucidus, S. pinguiculus, S. puncticeps, S. reticulatus, S. rufiventris, S. scabricollis, and S. spinulosus. Some of these species (S. ephippius, S. reticulatus, S. scabricollis, S. crassus) occur in the mountains of Iran where their ranges follow their host ranges from the temperate zone of Palaearctic region. Sphecodes pinguiculus is distributed in steppe and desert zones of the Palaearctic region and does not occur above mountain steppe in Iran. Such species as S. alternatus, S. monilicornis, S. pellucidus, S. albilabris, S. gibbus, S. longulus, and S. puncticeps are widespread from north to south of Palaearctic region and occur in different native zones from forest to desert. Sphecodes majalis, S. croaticus and S. rubicundus are steppe species, distributed in central and south Europe and reaching north-western Iran through Turkey and the Caucasus. Sphecodes haladai, S. pectoralis, S. saxicolus and S. tadschicus are desert and steppe Irano-Turanian species distributed in Central Asia and Iran. Sphecodes anatolicus is a rare mountain species known from Mediterranean and Caucasian Regions to Central Asia. Sphecodes olivieri is widespread in semi-desert and desert of the Western Palaearctic. Sphecodes ebmeri sp. n. is a mountain edemic of Elbrus which also could be found in mountain Turkey and the Caucasus.
In total, 25 species of Sphecodes are recorded from Iran. This is distinctly less in comparison with the adjacent fauna of Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia (Table
List of Sphecodes species recorded in Iran, Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia.
Sphecodes species | Iran | Turkey | Caucasus | Central Asia | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sphecodes albilabris (Fabricius, 1793) | + | + | + | + |
2 | S. alternatus Smith, 1853 | + | + | + | + |
3 | S. anatolicus Warncke, 1992 | + | + | + | + |
4 | *S. armeniacus Warncke, 1992 | – | + | – | + |
5 | S. barbatus Blüthgen, 1923 | – | + | – | – |
6 | *S. crassanus Warncke, 1992 | – | + | – | – |
7 | S. crassus Thomson, 1870 | + | + | + | + |
8 | *S. cristatus Hagens, 1882 | – | + | + | + |
9 | S. croaticus Meyer, 1922 | + | + | + | + |
10 | *S. dusmeti Blüthgen, 1924 | – | + | – | + |
11 | S. ebmeri Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. n. | + | – | – | – |
12 | S. ephippius (Linné, 1767) | + | + | + | + |
13 | *S. ferruginatus Hagens, 1882 | – | + | + | + |
14 | *S. geoffrellus (Kirby, 1802) | – | + | + | + |
15 | S. gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) | + | + | + | + |
16 | *S. hakkariensis Warncke, 1992 | – | + | – | + |
17 | S. haladai Warncke, 1992 | + | – | – | + |
18 | S. hyalinatus Hagens, 1882 | – | – | + | + |
19 | *S. intermedius Blüthgen, 1923 | – | + | + | + |
20 | S. longulus Hagens, 1882 | + | + | + | + |
21 | S. majalis Pérez, 1903 | + | + | + | – |
22 | S. miniatus Hagens, 1882 | – | – | + | + |
23 | S. monilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | + | + | + | + |
24 | *S. niger Hagens, 1874 | – | + | + | – |
25 | *S. nomioidis Pesenko, 1979 | – | + | – | – |
26 | *S. nurekensis Warncke, 1992 | – | – | – | + |
27 | S. olivieri Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1825 | + | + | + | + |
28 | S. pectoralis Morawitz, 1876 | + | – | – | + |
29 | S. pellucidus Smith, 1845 | + | + | + | + |
30 | S. pesenkoi Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2018 | – | – | – | + |
31 | S. pinguiculus Pérez, 1903 | + | + | + | + |
32 | S. pseudofasciatus Blüthgen, 1925 | – | + | + | – |
33 | S. puncticeps Thomson, 1870 | + | + | + | + |
34 | S. reticulatus Thomson, 1870 | + | + | + | + |
35 | S. rubicundus Hagens, 1875 | + | + | + | – |
36 | S. ruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | – | + | + | – |
37 | S. rufiventris (Panzer, 1798) | + | + | + | + |
38 | S. sandykachis Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2018 | – | – | – | + |
39 | S. saxicolus Warncke, 1992 | + | – | – | + |
40 | S. scabricollis Wesmael, 1835 | + | + | + | + |
41 | S. schenckii Hagens, 1882 | + | + | + | – |
42 | S. schwarzi Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2015 | – | – | – | + |
43 | S. spinulosus Hagens, 1875 | + | + | + | + |
44 | S. tadschicus Blüthgen, 1935 | + | – | – | + |
45 | S. trjapitzini Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2018 | – | – | – | + |
46 | S. turanicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin, 2017 | – | – | – | + |
47 | S. zangherii Noskiewicz, 1931 | – | + | – | – |
Total: | 25 | 34 | 29 | 36 |
We are grateful to Fritz Gusenleitner for help during our visit to Austria, and Andrew Grace for checking the English. We also wish to thank Michael Ohl, Arkady Lelej, and Rodrigo Gonçalves, who reviewed the manuscript and helped to improve this text. This investigation was supported by the Russian Funds for Basic Research (grant numbers 16–04–00197 and 17–04–00259) and the State Research Project (АААА-А17–117030310210–3).