Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ting-Jing Li ( ltjing1979@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2020 Li Luo, Qiao-Hua Zhang, Bin Chen, Ting-Jing Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Luo L, Zhang Q-H, Chen B, Li T-J (2020) Additions to the knowledge of the genus Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963 from China (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 119-137. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.52309
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In this study, Halysituberosus Dong & Wang, 2017 is treated as a synonym of Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963 (syn. nov.). Halysituberosus yingjiangensis Dong & Wang, 2017 is a new synonym of Allorhynchium lugubrinum (Cameron, 1900) (syn. nov.) and Halysituberosus menglianensis Dong & Wang, 2017 is transferred to Allorhynchium as a new combination (comb. nov.). Based on additional COI gene sequencing and morphological characters including genitalia characters, both Allorhynchium diffinis (Giordani Soika, 1986) and Allorhynchium radiatum Li, Barthélémy & Carpenter, 2019 are confirmed to be valid species, and their males of the two species are described for the first time. Allorhynchium quadrimaculatum Gusenleitner, 1997 is newly recorded from China. A key to the Chinese species of Allorhynchium are also updated.
Allorhynchium, Eumeninae, Halysituberosus, new synonym, new record
At present, Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963 contains 20 species and four subspecies worldwide, which are mostly distributed in the Oriental region (
DNA barcode was first proposed by Hebert (
Specimens examined are deposited in Chongqing Normal University (China) and Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China). Descriptions were made under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ61). All figures were taken and measured with Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope. Body length was measured from the anterior margin of head to the posterior margin of metasomal tergum II by KEYENCE-VHX-5000. Photoshop CS6 was used to make the figure plates. For the description of punctures, “sparsely” means that interspaces are larger than one puncture diameter, “moderately” means equal to the diameter, and “densely” means less than one diameter.
A total of 19 dried and pinned specimens belonging to A. diffinis and A. radiatum were examined, among which some were difficult to separate from A. diffinis and A. radiatum. In order to exactly identify these specimens, we selected seven specimens of A. diffinis, A. radiatum and three other species (Allorhynchium argentatum, Allorhynchium chinense, and Anterhynchium flavomarginatum) for molecular identification (Table
Species | Collecting site | Subfamily | Accession number |
Al. diffinis | Sichuan (China) | Eumeninae | MT196405 |
Al. radiatum | Guizhou (China) | Eumeninae | MT188371 |
Al. A | Guangxi (China) | Eumeninae | MT188373 |
Al. B | Guangdong (China) | Eumeninae | MT188372 |
Al. argentatum | Guangxi (China) | Eumeninae | MT178403 |
Al. chinense | Yunan (China) | Eumeninae | MT178402 |
An. flavomarginatum | Hubei (China) | Eumeninae | MT178404 |
Vespa mandarinia | Primorskiy (Russia) | Vespinae | AAW6949 |
Abbreviations:
A1 for antennal segment 1;
A2 for antennal segment 2;
T1 for metasomal tergum 1;
T2 for metasomal tergum 2;
S1 for metasomal sternum 1;
S2 for metasomal sternum 2, and so on.
Allorhynchium van der Vecht, 1963: 57–58. Type species: Vespa argentata Fabricius, 1804, by original designation.
Archancistrocerus Giordani Soika, 1986: 143–146. Type species: Archancistrocerus diffinis Giordani Soika, 1986, by original designation.
Halysituberosus Dong & Wang, 2017: 184. Type species: Halysituberosus menglianensis Dong & Wang, 2017, by original designation (syn. nov.).
Anterior face of pronotum without foveae; tegula longer than wide, emarginated apically and not reaching posterior end of parategula; epicnemial carina present; dorsolateral margin of propodeum somewhat rounded and without teeth-like projections; T1 either evenly rounded or rather rectangular in lateral view, in some species T1 with somewhat transverse carina basally; in some species, S2 of male convex, or protruding medially into a transverse crest in lateral view; S7 of male with flat uplifted area or 1–3 teeth; metasoma sessile (
Oriental, Australian and Palearctic regions.
Halysituberosus menglianensis Dong & Wang, 2017: 184.
Holotype, ♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Puer City, Menglian County, 22°19.746'N, 99°35.049'E, 962 m, 13.VI.1989, Dazhi Dong (
Rhynchium lugubrinum Cameron, 1900: 532.
Allorhynchium lugubrinum: van der Vecht, 1963: 60;
Halysituberosus yingjiangensis Dong & Wang, 2017: 184–186. (syn. nov.)
1♂, China, Yunnan Prov., Dehong City, Yingjiang County, 24°41.722'N, 97°56.772'E, 844 m, 7.X.1997, Dazhi Dong (
Archancistrocerus diffinis Giordani Soika, 1986: 143–146.
Allorhynchium diffinis
(Giordani Soika, 1986):
6♀♀1♂, China, Sichuan Prov., Leshan City, Emeishan County, Shaxi Town, 29°25.083'N, 103°26.913'E, 926 m, 11.VIII.2011, Tingjing Li (
The species A. diffinis in the original description was identified on a single female from Sichuan, China (
Sequence alignment results display that the same COI sequence occurs in Allorhynchium A, Allorhynchium B and A. radiatum, and 29 different nucleic acids are present in A. radiatum, Allorhynchium A, Allorhynchium B and A. diffinis (Suppl. material
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Allorhynchium diffinis | |||||||
(2) Allorhynchium radiatum | 0.043 | ||||||
(3) Allorhynchium A | 0.043 | 0.000 | |||||
(4) Allorhynchium B | 0.043 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
(5) Allorhynchium chinense | 0.152 | 0.166 | 0.166 | 0.166 | |||
(6) Allorhynchium argentatum | 0.130 | 0.146 | 0.146 | 0.146 | 0.064 | ||
(7) Anterhynchium flavomarginatum | 0.182 | 0.176 | 0.176 | 0.176 | 0.192 | 0.186 | |
(8) Vespa mandarinia | 0.248 | 0.248 | 0.248 | 0.248 | 0.230 | 0.229 | 0.214 |
(Fig.
Body with large yellow markings: clypeus wholly, anterior half of pronotum, propodeum largely, tegula except brown spot, parategula, and wide apical bands on T1–T2; clypeal apex deeply emarginated and forming acute tooth on each lateral side; body with coarse punctures, punctures on both head and mesosoma denser than those on metasoma; A13 short, bent backward, and not beyond the middle of A11; S2 protruding medially into a big and strong crest and rounded apically; S7 with three distinct teeth at basal area.
Allorhynchium radiatum Li, Barthélémy & Carpenter, 2019: 139–140.
1♀1♂, China, Guizhou Prov., Qiannan City, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Dongdai Village, 25°23.408'N, 108°04.374'E, 576 m, 21.VI.2015, Tingjing Li and Yan Peng (
The species A. radiatum was described on a single female from Hong Kong, China (
(Figs
Compared with the related A. diffinis, body of A. radiatum almost black or just with a few thin yellow markings, A13 elongated and longer than that of A. diffinis, punctures on both T2 and S2 distinctly coarser, S2 protruding medially into a transverse crest or indistinctly convex (in A. diffinis, S2 protruding medially into a big and strong crest in lateral view and rounded apically), apex of penis valve round in frontal view (in A. diffinis, apex of penis valve not round).
China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou).
In addition, there was an error that needs to be corrected in the reference (
Allorhynchium quadrimaculatum
Gusenleitner, 1997: 759; 2011: 1362;
2♀♀, China, Guangxi Prov., Baise City, Lingyun County, Yuhong Town, Hexiang Village, 24°29.355'N, 106°29.664'E, 791 m, 31.VII.2018, Yan Peng and Zhang Xue (
Body length 12.2–13.0 mm in female (Fig.
China (new record: Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Vietnam; Laos.
1 | T1 evenly rounded in lateral view and without transverse rim at junction of anterior and dorsal faces | 2 |
– | T1 rather rectangular in lateral view and with transverse rim at junction of anterior and dorsal faces | 4 |
2 | Occipital carina relatively wide laterally; clypeus of male entirely black | A. chinense (de Saussure, 1862) |
– | Occipital carina narrower laterally than the above species; clypeus of male with yellow spots | 3 |
3 | T1 and T2 with very small, sparse and thin punctures except lateral and apical portions | A. argentatum (Fabricius, 1804) |
– | T1 and T2 with relatively bigger and denser punctures except lateral and apical portions | A. metallicum (de Saussure, 1852) |
4 | Emargination of clypeal apex relatively wider and shallower (Figs |
5 |
– | Emargination of clypeal apex narrower and deeper, almost semicircular (Figs |
7 |
5 | Tegula reddish brown (Fig. |
A. lugubrinum (Cameron, 1900) |
– | Tegula dark black (Figs |
6 |
6 | Wings dark brown, with purple luster (Fig. |
A. quadrimaculatum Gusenleitner, 1997 |
– | Wings pale brown, without purple luster (Fig. |
A. menglianensis (Dong & Wang, 2017) comb. nov. |
7 | Body almost black or with few yellow markings, T1 and T2 without apical bands or just with interrupted yellow apical bands or small spots (Figs |
A. radiatum Li, Barthélémy & Carpenter, 2019 |
– | Body largely with yellow markings, both T1 and T2 with great wide yellow apical bands (Figs |
A. diffinis (Giordani Soika, 1986) |
We are very grateful to Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology (Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China) for helping us to take pictures of the type specimens deposited in
Figure S1
Data type: multimedia