Research Article |
Corresponding author: Andrew M. R. Bennett ( andrew.bennett@canada.ca ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2021 Andrew M. R. Bennett.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Citation:
Bennett AMR (2021) Checklists of the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland – Introduction. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.60054
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The distribution of described, extant species of the insect order Hymenoptera recorded from northern North America will be published in a series of ten checklists. In total, 9250 species in 27 superfamilies and 84 families are recorded from Canada, the state of Alaska (USA) and Greenland (Denmark). Within northern North America, 8933 species are recorded in Canada (96.6% of the total species), Alaska has 1513 (16.4%) and Greenland has 205 (2.2%). Within Canada, Ontario is the province with the most species recorded (5322, 57.5% of all species in northern North America), followed by Quebec (4207, 45.5%) and British Columbia (4063, 43.9%). At the family level, Ontario has 82 of the 84 recorded families, Quebec has 76 and British Columbia has 71. The most species-rich superfamilies in northern North America are Ichneumonoidea (4438 species, 48.0% of the total); Apoidea (1438, 15.5%) and Chalcidoidea (1246, 13.5%). The largest families are Ichneumonidae (3201 species, 34.6% of the total), Braconidae (1237, 13.4%), Tenthredinidae (573, 6.2%), Eulophidae (379, 4.1%) and Pteromalidae (309, 3.3%). Overall species richness of the Hymenoptera in northern North America is compared with surveys in Russia, Germany, Finland and the British Isles.
Ants, bees, northern North America, parasitic and predatory wasps, sawflies, species distributions
The order Hymenoptera constitutes one of the largest orders of insects, including such well-known groups as ants, bees and social wasps. The order has slightly more than 154,000 described, extant species in the world (
As with most insects, the vast majority of Hymenoptera species go unnoticed by humans and generally have little or no direct impact on them (
Distributional checklists of insects of northern North America have been published for several major orders.
The starting point for this study was an inventory of the species of Hymenoptera in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa (
With respect to published records, we critically evaluated publications to determine their accuracy. The credibility of literature references was mostly evaluated by checking whether specimens were expertly identified, e.g., by an acknowledged expert of the taxon, as well as by knowledge of the previous distribution of the species (for new records) and the level of evidence provided to support each record. For example, detailed studies treating the biology of species were generally considered more credible than references that lacked any accompanying supporting evidence. For records based on specimens, relative credibility for identifications was judged based on the following categories of specimens, in descending order of trust: primary types, secondary types, non-types used in revisions, non-types identified by experts in the taxon, non-types identified by non-experts in the taxon. If there was a significant doubt with respect to a record (whether specimen- or literature-based) it was omitted. Introduced species, whether deliberate or accidental, are included in the checklists if there is evidence that they have established, e.g., recovery of a biological control agent in subsequent years following release. Biological control agents that were introduced, but not subsequently recovered are not included, nor are accidental, extralimital (= adventive) species that have been collected only once or a few times in northern North America, but for which there is no evidence that they have established breeding populations. Species that had established populations, but are now apparently extinct from an area, e.g., the apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug) on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (
The format chosen for this study is similar to the checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera (
Taxa covered in the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland checklist series showing how superfamilies and/or families are grouped into checklists.
Taxa | |
---|---|
1. | Sawflies: Anaxyeloidea, Cephoidea, Pamphilioidea, Siricoidea, Tenthredinoidea, Xyeloidea |
2 | Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea |
3. | Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Evanioidea, Stephanoidea, Trigonalyoidea |
4. | Chrysidoidea |
5. | Diaprioidea, Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea |
6. | Apoidea: Spheciformes: Ammoplanidae, Ampulicidae, Astatidae, Bembicidae, Crabronidae sensu stricto, Mellinidae, Pemphredonidae, Philanthidae, Psenidae, Sphecidae |
7, | Apoidea: Apiformes |
8. | Vespoidea sensu lato: Formicoidea, Pompiloidea, Scolioidea, Sierolomorphoidea, Tiphioidea, Thynnoidea, Vespoidea sensu stricto |
9. | Braconidae |
10. | Ichneumonidae |
Because this is a series of checklists, not catalogues, only the current, valid species names, including author and year, are listed. In general, synonyms are not provided except in cases in which there has been a relatively recent change to a species name that was prevalent in the literature. If there is doubt about the validity of a species, e.g., if a species complex is suspected, this may be noted below the species name. In addition, other notes pertaining to species or their distributional records may be provided, e.g., explanations why particular records are omitted because misidentifications were discovered. If omission of a distributional record leads to the complete omission of a previously recorded species from Canada, Alaska and Greenland, a note may be provided under the respective genus (or subfamily if a previously published generic record is omitted). Distributions are indicated in the checklists using acronyms of 18, mostly political regions of northern (mostly north of 45° latitude) North America. This style closely follows that of previous checklists of insects in Canada and Alaska, e.g.,
Described, recorded species of Hymenoptera in Canada, Alaska and Greenland totalled for each superfamily, family and selected higher groups in each region. CAN+AK+GL column shows total species for northern North America. See Methods (Presentation of data) for description of distributional acronyms and Fig.
Taxon | CAN +AK +GL | CAN | AK | YT | NT | NU | BC | AB | SK | MB | ON | QC | NB | PE | NS | LB | NF | GL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAWFLIES | 758 | 729 | 183 | 92 | 111 | 43 | 308 | 248 | 158 | 249 | 471 | 411 | 209 | 45 | 203 | 64 | 94 | 7 |
ANAXYELOIDEA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Anaxyelidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CEPHOIDEA | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Cephidae | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
ORUSSOIDEA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Orussidae | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PAMPHILIOIDEA | 55 | 54 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 16 | 40 | 35 | 25 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
Pamphiliidae | 55 | 54 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 16 | 40 | 35 | 25 | 3 | 19 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
SIRICOIDEA | 28 | 28 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
Siricidae | 20 | 20 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
Xiphydriidae | 8 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
TENTHREDINOIDEA | 641 | 613 | 172 | 84 | 104 | 41 | 251 | 213 | 133 | 217 | 393 | 346 | 172 | 37 | 166 | 58 | 80 | 7 |
Argidae | 29 | 29 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 11 | 21 | 19 | 10 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Cimbicidae | 10 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
Diprionidae | 25 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 21 | 15 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
Pergidae | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tenthredinidae | 573 | 546 | 162 | 77 | 96 | 40 | 227 | 194 | 122 | 192 | 341 | 303 | 148 | 33 | 145 | 53 | 70 | 7 |
XYELOIDEA | 16 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Xyelidae | 16 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
APOCRITA | 8492 | 8204 | 1330 | 944 | 836 | 177 | 3755 | 3121 | 1888 | 1951 | 4851 | 3796 | 1648 | 659 | 1474 | 330 | 747 | 198 |
CERAPHRONOIDEA | 52 | 48 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 22 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Ceraphronidae | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Megaspilidae | 25 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
CHALCIDOIDEA | 1246 | 1214 | 113 | 69 | 78 | 7 | 440 | 355 | 207 | 245 | 852 | 566 | 257 | 79 | 223 | 13 | 56 | 26 |
Aphelinidae | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 27 | 20 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Azotidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chalcididae | 39 | 39 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 29 | 17 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Encyrtidae | 110 | 100 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 23 | 16 | 14 | 69 | 35 | 23 | 5 | 22 | 1 | 5 | 10 |
Eucharitidae | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eulophidae | 379 | 374 | 43 | 23 | 34 | 2 | 133 | 108 | 61 | 87 | 285 | 191 | 107 | 18 | 89 | 5 | 28 | 6 |
Eupelmidae | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 20 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eurytomidae | 87 | 87 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 35 | 27 | 21 | 20 | 65 | 44 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Leucospidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Megastigmidae | 21 | 21 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Mymaridae | 96 | 94 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 29 | 19 | 4 | 9 | 67 | 46 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Ormyridae | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Perilampidae | 20 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pteromalidae | 309 | 295 | 36 | 22 | 20 | 3 | 111 | 98 | 57 | 58 | 186 | 136 | 64 | 21 | 49 | 3 | 16 | 9 |
Signiphoridae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tetracampidae | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Torymidae | 60 | 59 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 28 | 20 | 9 | 14 | 41 | 22 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Trichogrammatidae | 35 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CYNIPOIDEA | 149 | 141 | 17 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 56 | 54 | 23 | 29 | 84 | 40 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
Cynipidae | 75 | 75 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 13 | 17 | 46 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Figitidae | 69 | 61 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 32 | 31 | 10 | 11 | 35 | 20 | 14 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
Ibaliidae | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Liopteridae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
DIAPRIOIDEA | 189 | 185 | 39 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 90 | 55 | 18 | 42 | 144 | 124 | 38 | 2 | 41 | 10 | 16 | 5 |
Diapriidae | 181 | 177 | 39 | 33 | 22 | 12 | 88 | 54 | 17 | 42 | 137 | 119 | 34 | 2 | 38 | 9 | 14 | 5 |
Ismaridae | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
EVANIOIDEA | 30 | 30 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 21 | 16 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aulacidae | 18 | 18 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Evaniidae | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gasteruptiidae | 8 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ICHNEUMONOIDEA | 4438 | 4205 | 903 | 510 | 450 | 126 | 1858 | 1566 | 859 | 944 | 2405 | 2117 | 834 | 272 | 708 | 188 | 480 | 147 |
Braconidae | 1237 | 1169 | 178 | 81 | 72 | 17 | 424 | 288 | 198 | 272 | 729 | 529 | 231 | 45 | 180 | 20 | 100 | 27 |
Ichneumonidae | 3201 | 3036 | 725 | 429 | 378 | 109 | 1434 | 1278 | 661 | 672 | 1676 | 1588 | 603 | 227 | 528 | 168 | 380 | 120 |
MYMAROMMATOIDEA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mymarommatidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PLATYGASTROIDEA | 168 | 162 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 33 | 27 | 17 | 19 | 124 | 83 | 45 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
Platygastridae | 71 | 70 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 45 | 25 | 19 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Scelionidae | 97 | 92 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 26 | 22 | 14 | 15 | 79 | 58 | 26 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
PROCTOTRUPOIDEA | 73 | 73 | 34 | 29 | 15 | 4 | 46 | 32 | 18 | 19 | 45 | 44 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 15 | 0 |
Heloridae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pelecinidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Proctotrupidae | 67 | 67 | 34 | 28 | 15 | 4 | 45 | 31 | 17 | 16 | 39 | 39 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 15 | 0 |
Roproniidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vanhorniidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
STEPHANOIDEA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Stephanidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TRIGONALYOIDEA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trigonalyidae | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ACULEATA | 2139 | 2138 | 216 | 291 | 255 | 28 | 1203 | 1025 | 741 | 642 | 1148 | 782 | 436 | 292 | 445 | 109 | 172 | 6 |
APOIDEA | 1438 | 1437 | 132 | 186 | 173 | 15 | 814 | 692 | 513 | 424 | 745 | 516 | 297 | 218 | 308 | 62 | 107 | 3 |
APOIDEA: APIFORMES | 909 | 908 | 95 | 108 | 101 | 15 | 519 | 370 | 303 | 279 | 448 | 322 | 209 | 169 | 238 | 44 | 76 | 3 |
Andrenidae | 202 | 202 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 123 | 87 | 76 | 69 | 94 | 74 | 50 | 39 | 50 | 10 | 14 | 0 |
Apidae | 235 | 234 | 33 | 31 | 27 | 11 | 124 | 87 | 75 | 63 | 112 | 73 | 44 | 40 | 56 | 17 | 20 | 3 |
Colletidae | 57 | 57 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 26 | 24 | 18 | 29 | 36 | 25 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
Halictidae | 198 | 198 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 1 | 85 | 83 | 69 | 55 | 117 | 77 | 61 | 50 | 71 | 6 | 17 | 0 |
Megachilidae | 214 | 214 | 27 | 36 | 32 | 3 | 160 | 88 | 64 | 61 | 88 | 70 | 38 | 27 | 41 | 6 | 18 | 0 |
Melittidae | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
APOIDEA: SPHECIFORMES | 529 | 529 | 37 | 78 | 72 | 0 | 295 | 322 | 210 | 145 | 297 | 194 | 88 | 49 | 70 | 18 | 31 | 0 |
Ammoplanidae | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ampulicidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Astatidae | 20 | 20 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bembicidae | 86 | 86 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 48 | 53 | 29 | 23 | 42 | 26 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Crabronidae | 196 | 196 | 19 | 33 | 30 | 0 | 101 | 121 | 83 | 56 | 121 | 79 | 34 | 23 | 33 | 9 | 19 | 0 |
Mellinidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pemphredonidae | 58 | 58 | 7 | 18 | 11 | 0 | 42 | 36 | 14 | 8 | 33 | 23 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 0 |
Philanthidae | 61 | 61 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 27 | 35 | 27 | 22 | 30 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Psenidae | 36 | 36 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 17 | 21 | 17 | 12 | 28 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0 |
Sphecidae | 60 | 60 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 39 | 37 | 28 | 18 | 31 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
CHRYSIDOIDEA | 183 | 183 | 19 | 30 | 22 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 54 | 48 | 112 | 57 | 39 | 13 | 20 | 3 | 13 | 1 |
Bethylidae | 29 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Chrysididae | 102 | 102 | 13 | 23 | 16 | 0 | 64 | 67 | 41 | 32 | 46 | 30 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
Dryinidae | 50 | 50 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 16 | 15 | 9 | 12 | 44 | 17 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 1 |
Embolemidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
VESPOIDEA sensu lato | 518 | 518 | 65 | 75 | 60 | 13 | 299 | 245 | 174 | 170 | 291 | 209 | 100 | 61 | 117 | 44 | 52 | 2 |
FORMICOIDEA | 229 | 229 | 29 | 20 | 16 | 10 | 127 | 117 | 84 | 82 | 118 | 110 | 41 | 19 | 63 | 25 | 25 | 1 |
Formicidae | 229 | 229 | 29 | 20 | 16 | 10 | 127 | 117 | 84 | 82 | 118 | 110 | 41 | 19 | 63 | 25 | 25 | 1 |
POMPILOIDEA | 140 | 140 | 13 | 28 | 19 | 1 | 86 | 64 | 39 | 45 | 83 | 47 | 25 | 14 | 22 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
Mutillidae | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pompilidae | 107 | 107 | 13 | 27 | 18 | 1 | 67 | 48 | 31 | 33 | 72 | 43 | 24 | 13 | 19 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
Sapygidae | 7 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SCOLIOIDEA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Scoliidae | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SIEROLOMORPHOIDEA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sierolomorphidae | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TIPHIOIDEA | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tiphiidae | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
THYNNOIDEA | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Chyphotidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Thynnidae | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
VESPOIDEA sensu stricto | 107 | 107 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 68 | 55 | 45 | 41 | 69 | 42 | 32 | 27 | 30 | 13 | 21 | 1 |
Rhopalosomatidae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vespidae | 106 | 106 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 2 | 68 | 55 | 45 | 41 | 68 | 42 | 32 | 27 | 30 | 13 | 21 | 1 |
TOTAL SPECIES | 9250 | 8933 | 1513 | 1036 | 947 | 220 | 4063 | 3369 | 2046 | 2200 | 5322 | 4207 | 1857 | 704 | 1677 | 394 | 841 | 205 |
TOTAL FAMILIES | 84 | 84 | 46 | 48 | 46 | 17 | 71 | 66 | 65 | 66 | 82 | 76 | 61 | 51 | 63 | 33 | 39 | 16 |
Map of Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Saint Pierre and Miquelon showing number of described, recorded Hymenoptera species and percentages of total species for each region. Canada is comprised of all regions except for Alaska, Greenland and Saint Pierre and Miquelon. See the Presentation of data section under Methods for the acronyms of the regions treated in the checklist.
Superfamily and family classification of sawflies follows
A total of 9250 described, extant species of Hymenoptera in 84 families in 27 superfamilies are listed for Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Table
The TAXREF database (
In terms of the composition of the species of Hymenoptera in northern North America, just over three quarters of the described, extant, recorded species (77.0%) belong to three superfamilies: Ichneumonoidea (4438 species: 48.0% of the total), Apoidea (1438 species: 15.5%) and Chalcidoidea (1246 species: 13.5%) (Table
Within northern North America, the region with the highest recorded number of extant, described species of Hymenoptera is Ontario: 5322, 57.5% of the 9250 species (Fig.
With respect to comparisons of the relative diversity of described species of Hymenoptera in northern North America versus some other parts of the Northern Hemisphere, some of these data are listed in Table
Summary of current and previous inventories of Hymenoptera for various regions/ countries in the Northern Hemisphere.
Geographic region / country | Described species | Land mass (million km2) | Species / million km2 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Russia | 15,290 | 17.1 | 894.2 |
|
Canada + AK + GL | 9250 | 13.9 | 665.5 | Current study |
Canada | 8933 | 9.98 | 895.1 | Current study |
Germany | 8896 | 0.35 | 25,417 |
|
Finland | 7577 | 0.34 | 22,285 |
|
Britain & Ireland | 7764 | 0.31 | 25,045 |
|
Ontario | 5322 | 1.08 | 4928 | Current study |
A comparison of the overall faunal composition of Hymenoptera in northern North America versus Russia and the British Isles is provided in Table
Comparison of the faunal composition of the Hymenoptera of northern North America (Canada+AK+GL) compared to Russia (
Taxon | Canada+AK+GL | Russia | British Isles | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | % of total | Species | % of total | Species | % of total | |
SAWFLIES | 758 | 8.2% | 1546 | 10.1% | 537 | 6.9% |
APOCRITA | ||||||
Ceraphronoidea | 52 | 0.6% | 77 | 0.5% | 92 | 1.2% |
Chalcidoidea | 1246 | 13.5% | 2307 | 15.1% | 1717 | 22.1% |
Cynipoidea | 149 | 1.6% | 291 | 1.9% | 216 | 2.8% |
Diaprioidea | 189 | 2.0% | 162 | 1.1% | 276 | 3.6% |
Evanioidea | 30 | 0.3% | 44 | 0.3% | 7 | 0.1% |
Braconidae | 1237 | 13.4% | 3467 | 22.7% | 1335 | 17.2% |
Ichneumonidae | 3201 | 34.6% | 3709 | 24.3% | 2578 | 33.2% |
Mymarommatoidea | 2 | < 0.1% | 2 | < 0.1% | 1 | < 0.1% |
Platygastroidea | 168 | 1.8% | 422 | 2.8% | 362 | 4.7% |
Proctotrupoidea | 73 | 0.8% | 78 | 0.5% | 42 | 0.5% |
Stephanoidea | 2 | < 0.1% | 2 | < 0.1% | 0 | < 0.1% |
Trigonalyoidea | 4 | < 0.1% | 8 | 0.1% | 1 | < 0.1% |
Aculeata | ||||||
Apoidea: Apiformes | 909 | 9.8% | 1216 | 8.0% | 260 | 3.3% |
Apoidea: Spheciformes | 529 | 5.7% | 685 | 4.5% | 125 | 1.6% |
Chrysidoidea | 183 | 2.0% | 432 | 2.8% | 80 | 1.0% |
Vespoidea s.l. | 518 | 5.6% | 842 | 5.5% | 135 | 1.7% |
TOTALS | 9250 | 15290 | 7764 |
The approximately 154,000 described species of Hymenoptera constitute about 8% of the estimated 1.9 million described species on the planet (
The list of people to thank for contributing to this project over the past dozen years is extensive. Especially, I would like to thank my Hymenoptera colleagues at the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (