Checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska and Greenland

Henri Goulet; Andrew M. R. Bennett

doi:10.3897/jhr.82.60057

Checklist

Checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska and Greenland

Henri Goulet^‡, Andrew M. R. Bennett^‡

‡ Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada

Corresponding author: Andrew M. R. Bennett ( andrew.bennett@canada.ca )

Academic editor: Marko Prous

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

Citation: Goulet H, Bennett AMR (2021) Checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 21-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.60057

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF1451F8-1AF4-4C28-9674-2E50AF6B4856

Abstract

A distributional checklist of the sawflies (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska (USA) and Greenland (Denmark) is presented. In total, 758 extant, described species, classified in 113 genera in 12 families are recorded. Of these, 729 (in 113 genera in 12 families) are reported from Canada, 183 (in 48 genera in 8 families) from Alaska, and 7 (in 1 genus) from Greenland. The list includes 69 new species records and 5 new generic records for Canada and 29 new species records and 7 new generic records for Alaska. The family Xiphydriidae is also newly recorded from Alaska. No new records are reported from Greenland. Eighty-four new combinations are proposed for species of Nematinae (Tenthredinidae). Distributions are listed for all species, for those in Canada by province or territory, except the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into the island of Newfoundland and the region of Labrador. This inventory is compared with previous Nearctic and Palaearctic surveys, checklists and catalogues.

Keywords

Northern North America, sawflies, species distributions

Introduction

Sawflies (including horntails) comprise an ancient series of lineages in the order Hymenoptera. Including fossils, there are 8618 described species of sawflies in the world (Taeger et al. 2018) compared to a total of about 154,000 in the order Hymenoptera (Huber 2017). The earliest known fossils of Hymenoptera are sawflies of the family Xyelidae (Riek 1955; Lara et al. 2014) from the middle to late Triassic. Previously, sawflies were classified in the suborder Symphyta (Smith 1979a); however, morphology-based phylogenetic studies on the order Hymenoptera established that sawflies were part of a paraphyletic grade of lineages that diverged prior to the origin of the suborder Apocrita, a clade that includes all other extant families of Hymenoptera (Königsmann 1977; Rasnitsyn 1988; Ronquist et al. 1999). This hypothesis of relationships has been supported by more recent studies using molecular data, e.g., Heraty et al. 2011; Peters et al. 2017. In most of these studies, the sawfly superfamily Xyeloidea (family Xyelidae) is sister group to all other Hymenoptera (but see Peters et al. 2017) and superfamily Orussoidea (family Orussidae) is sister group to Apocrita. Sawflies are currently classified into seven extant superfamilies and fourteen extant families (Taeger et al. 2010, 2018). All extant superfamilies are present in northern North America with representatives of all families except for Blasticotomidae (Tenthredinoidea) and Megalodontesidae (Pamphilioidea) (Taeger et al. 2018; Bennett et al. 2019) (Table 1 and Figs 2–26).

In terms of biology, all sawflies are herbivorous as larvae, except for Orussoidea which are parasitoids of horntails (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) (Rawlings 1957) and wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera) (Powell and Turner 1975). Most larvae are external feeders on angiosperms, but some taxa feed externally on conifers, for example, Diprionidae (Benson 1939), Pamphiliidae (Middlekauff 1958) as well as some Tenthredinidae (e.g., Prous et al. 2017). A few taxa, mostly in the tenthredinid subfamily Selandriinae, feed externally on ferns (Smith 1969b). Feeding inside plants has evolved several times, for example, wood-boring in Anaxyelidae (Wickman 1967), Siricidae (Schiff et al. 2012) and Xiphydriidae (Smith 1976a). Some larvae develop internally in stems, especially stem sawflies (Cephidae) (Ries 1937), whereas others feed and develop inside reproductive organs of their host plants, e,g,, species of Xyela Dahlman (Xyelidae) in the staminate cones of pine trees (Pinus Linnaeus) (Burdick 1961). Some species, especially in the genus Euura Newman have larvae that are gall-makers (Benson 1960). In addition, some are leaf-miners, especially within the tenthredinid subfamily Heterarthrinae (Leppänen et al. 2012). Because of their herbivory, some species can be pests, e.g., the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Cephidae) is a widespread pest of wheat and other cereals in North America (Shanower and Hoelmer 2004) and Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Siricidae), a recent invasive species in North America, is a major pest of pine trees in many parts of the world (Hoebeke et al. 2005). As adults, most sawflies, especially females, feed on pollen and nectar, but some taxa, especially in the tenthredinid subfamilies Allantinae, Selandriinae and Tenthredininae are active predators of other insects (Benson 1950) (Fig. 17).

On a world level, sawfly researchers are very well-served by the online Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (ECatSym) (Taeger et al. 2018), which provides a comprehensive compilation of the taxonomic and distributional information and literature sources for all species of sawflies. With respect to surveys of sawflies within the Nearctic region, the catalogue of Smith (1979a) recorded 992 species in America North of Mexico and included distributional ranges for all species, including those known in Alaska and Greenland up to 1974. Masner et al. (1979) calculated the number of described species of sawflies by family in Canada (443). A comprehensive survey of the sawflies of the state of Alaska (USA) has not been made since Smith (1979a), whereas Vilhelmsen (2015) recently reviewed the sawflies of Greenland. Taxonomically, the Nearctic sawfly fauna is very well-studied relative to other groups of Hymenoptera (see references in Table 2), and on a regional level is probably better studied than any other part of the world except for Europe (see comparison in Results and Discussion). Historically, early workers provided catalogues of Nearctic sawflies, e.g., Edward Norton (1867, 1868). In the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries Alexander MacGillivray and, later, Sievert Rohwer both described over 500 species of sawflies (Taeger et al. 2010), the majority of which were Nearctic. In addition, Charles Marlatt revised the North American species of the taxonomically challenging tenthredinid subfamily Nematinae (Marlatt 1896). Starting in the 1930s Herbert Ross contributed to our knowledge of Nearctic sawflies, most importantly with his classification of the genera (Ross 1937) as well as his catalog of the sawflies of North America, north of Mexico (Ross 1951). More recently, from the 1960s to the present, David Smith revised many groups, described over 500 species and provided the catalogue of the sawflies of America North of Mexico (Smith 1979a). Goulet (1992) provided keys to the genera and subgenera of the sawflies of Canada and Alaska. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a distributional checklist of the sawflies of Canada, Alaska and Greenland, incorporating previously published, substantiated records as well as new records based on authoritatively identified specimens.

Methods

Sources of data

Most records in this study are based on examination of specimens deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa (CNC). Other examined specimens are deposited in the following collections (with current curator and acronym used in Table 2): Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (J. deWaard) (BIOUG); California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco California, USA (R. Zuparko) (CAS); Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (J. Dombroskie) (CUIC); University of Guelph Insect Collection, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (S. Marshall) (DEBU); Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA (D. Wahl) (EMUS); Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA (E. Talamas) (FSCA); Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA (T. McElrath) (INHS), Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D. Langor) (NOFC); Collection Entomologique Ouellet-Robert, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (E. Normandin-Leclerc) (QMOR); Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.C. Darling) (ROM); Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany (A. Taeger) (SDEI); University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK, USA (D. Sikes) (UAM); University of Alberta, Strickland Museum, Edmonton, AB, Canada (F. Sperling) (UASM); National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (D. Smith) (USNM). Some records are based on literature sources for which specimens could not be examined (literature citations shown in Table 2). A few records are based on comparison of DNA barcodes and photos on the Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD) website (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). These are denoted with the BIOUG acronym in Table 2. Finally, we do mention records from the 242 km² French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon islands located 25 km from the southern coast of Newfoundland that were obtained from the TAXREF database (Gargominy et al. 2020) managed by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, but specimens were not examined and these records are only mentioned in the text, not included in Table 2. We did not include any other records known only from websites or museum databases. We only include described species, not undescribed taxa or specimens identified only to genus. Fossils are not included in the checklist. All records published up to October 1, 2020 were evaluated for the current checklist.

Presentation of data

Distributions of taxa are indicated using acronyms of 18, mostly political regions of northern (mostly north of 45° latitude) North America. For practical purposes the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into the island of Newfoundland and the region of Labrador on mainland Canada. The acronyms used for the regions are: AK = Alaska (USA), GL = Greenland (Denmark), CAN = Canada and, within Canada, AB = Alberta, BC = British Columbia, LB = Labrador, MB = Manitoba, NB = New Brunswick, NF = Newfoundland island, NS = Nova Scotia, NT = Northwest Territories, NU = Nunavut, ON = Ontario, PE = Prince Edward Island, QC = Quebec, SK = Saskatchewan, SPM = Saint Pierre and Miquelon, YT = Yukon Territory. These regions are shown in Fig. 1. The distributional data are presented in two ways. Table 1 is a summary of the numbers of described, recorded species of sawflies in Canada, Alaska and Greenland totalled for each family by region. Table 2 is the species checklist arranged alphabetically by superfamily for the same regions. The regions are depicted in the tables approximately from West to East beginning with northernmost continental North America (AK to NU) and then across more southern Canada (BC to NF), to Greenland, which provides a pictorial representation of the species’ overall west-to-east distribution across northern North America. It contains three types of distributional records: 1) a published record for which we have examined a specimen; 2) a new (unpublished) record for which we have examined a specimen or a photo and sequence on the BOLD website; and 3) a published record for which we have not examined a specimen, but which we trust. Records from BOLD were considered as new (unpublished) records. The different types of records are indicated by different fonts and colours in Table 2 (see Table heading).

Literature references (shown in the far right column of Table 2) are only noted for previously published records for which no specimens were examined. Relevant major references for higher taxa, e.g., revisions of genera, regional checklists, are cited directly under the higher taxon names in Table 2. Our list is not a catalogue, therefore other than for most species of Nematinae (Tenthredinidae) (see below), synonyms and previous combinations are generally not included; these can be found in Taeger et al (2018). In addition to the published checklist, the data presented in Table 2 have been added to Canadensys (https://data.canadensys.net/ipt/resource?r=aafc-hymenoptera-canada-ak-gl) and are also registered on GBIF (Bennett 2021b).

Classification

Classification follows Taeger et al. (2018) except for the spelling of Anaxyeloidea Martynov, 1925, instead of Anaxyleoidea. Of note, the checklist follows the relatively recent changes to the generic classification of Nematinae (Prous et al. 2014). For ease of use, previous taxonomic combinations are provided for those species that recently moved genus, e.g., most of the species now placed in Euura. For those combinations suggested by Taeger et al. (2018), but not yet formally published, we propose them as new. In total 84 new combinations in Euura and Nematus Panzer are proposed (see Table 2).

Results and discussion

A total of 758 described, extant species of sawflies in 113 genera in 12 families are recorded in Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Tables 1, 2). This represents 8.2% of the 9250 species of Hymenoptera recorded from northern North America (Bennett 2021a). Of these, 729 species, in the same 113 genera and 12 families, are recorded from Canada. This is a 64.6% increase from the 443 species reported in Masner et al. (1979). Taeger et al. (2018) recorded 1245 extant described species in the Nearctic region, which means that northern North America has about 61% of the described Nearctic species, not taking into account new distributional records and species not included in Taeger et al. (2018).

Table 1.

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Described, recorded species of sawflies in Canada, Alaska and Greenland totalled for each taxon and in each region. See Methods (Presentation of data) for description of distributional acronyms and Fig. 1 for a map of their locations. Northwest Territories (NT) and Newfoundland (NF) totals each include six ambiguous records that may have been collected in Nunavut (NU) or Labrador (LB), respectively (denoted by NT* and NF* in Table 2).

Taxon	CAN+AK+GL	CAN(New)	AK	YT	NT	NU	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	PE	NS	LB	NF	GL
ANAXYELOIDEA	1	1 (0)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anaxyelidae	1	1 (0)	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CEPHOIDEA	12	12(2)	0	0	0	0	7	3	3	5	7	6	1	0	5	0	1	0
Cephidae	12	12(2)	0	0	0	0	7	3	3	5	7	6	1	0	5	0	1	0
ORUSSOIDEA	5	5(1)	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	1	4	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
Orussidae	5	5(1)	0	0	0	0	2	0	1	1	4	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
PAMPHILIOIDEA	55	54(5)	6	1	1	0	25	15	10	16	40	35	25	3	19	2	8	0
Pamphiliidae	55	54(5)	6	1	1	0	25	15	10	16	40	35	25	3	19	2	8	0
SIRICOIDEA	28	28(2)	4	3	3	2	14	11	10	10	17	15	10	5	11	4	4	0
Siricidae	20	20(0)	3	3	2	2	13	11	9	8	10	10	7	4	8	3	4	0
Xiphydriidae	8	8(2)	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	2	7	5	3	1	3	1	0	0
TENTHREDINOIDEA	641	613(56)	172	84	104	41	251	213	133	217	393	346	172	37	166	58	80	7
Argidae	29	29(3)	4	3	4	0	10	9	4	11	21	19	10	2	9	1	2	0
Cimbicidae	10	9(2)	4	4	4	1	6	6	4	4	7	6	3	0	3	2	4	0
Diprionidae	25	25(1)	2	0	0	0	8	4	3	10	21	15	11	2	7	2	4	0
Pergidae	4	4(0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	2	0	0	0
Tenthredinidae	573	546(50)	162	77	96	40	227	194	122	192	341	303	148	33	145	53	70	7
XYELOIDEA	16	16(3)	1	4	3	0	8	6	1	0	10	7	1	0	2	0	1	0
Xyelidae	16	16(3)	1	4	3	0	8	6	1	0	10	7	1	0	2	0	1	0
TOTALS	758	729(69)	183	92	111	43	308	248	158	249	471	411	209	45	203	64	94	7

Relative to other parts of the Northern Hemisphere, Canada’s sawfly fauna is less speciose and/or less well-known than other countries/regions. The land mass of Canada is 9.985 million km², which equates to one species per 13,697 km². Adding Alaska (1.718 million km²) and Greenland (2.166 million km²) to this calculation, the average species density of sawflies in northern North America is one species per 18,297 km². In contrast, Taeger et al. (2006) published a checklist of the sawflies of Europe, which recorded 1392 species of sawflies. Considering the land mass of Europe (10.18 million km²), this equals an average of one sawfly species per 7313 km². Other Northern Hemisphere sawfly surveys include Liston et al. (2014) for Britain and Ireland (539 species in 313,100 km² = one species per 580.9 km²), Naito et al. (2020) for Japan (875 species in 377,915 km² = one species per 431.9 km²) and Macek et al. (2020) for the Czech and Slovak Republics (750 species in 127,901 = one species per 170.5 km²). Because of the great differences in the geographic size of these three surveys compared to northern Northern America, it is difficult to make comparisons. A more appropriate comparison of sawfly species diversity between northern North America and a Palaearctic country is provided by Sundukov (2017) who recorded 1546 species in Russia (surface area 17.1 million km²), which equals an average of one sawfly species per 11,060 km². In summary, surveys of smaller areas generally have greater density of sawfly species recorded (except for northern North America compared to Russia), and there is a higher density of sawfly species recorded in all of the Palaearctic surveys compared to the northern Nearctic. The lower species richness of sawflies recorded from the northern Nearctic compared to the Palaearctic is likely an effect of lower sampling in the Nearctic. The western Palaearctic is certainly the best sampled region of the world for most groups of organisms, including sawflies. In conjunction with greater sampling, there has been more study of sawflies in Europe compared to northern North America, especially the hyperdiverse Nematinae. For example, Pristiphora Latreille has 221 described species (Taeger et al. 2018) of which about 120 are known from Europe (Prous et al. 2017). Haris (2006) treated the European species relatively recently and provided a key for 155 Palaearctic species, and Prous et al. (2017) revised 90 species from Scandinavia and neighbouring regions. In contrast, Pristiphora has only 55 described species in the entire Nearctic region (24.7 million km²) (Taeger et al. 2018) and has never been completely revised for the region, although unpublished work by H.R. Wong indicates that many undescribed Nearctic species exist and a revision of the genus for the region is currently in progress (S. Monckton, pers. comm.).

Figure 1.

Map of Canada, Alaska and Greenland showing number of described, recorded sawfly species and percentage of total species for each region. Canada is comprised of all regions except for Alaska and Greenland. See Methods, Presentation of data section for acronyms of regions treated in the checklist.

Table 2.

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Checklist of described species of sawflies of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. See Methods for description of acronyms of regions and Fig. 1 for their locations. Black, regular font records are previously published and a specimen has been examined. Red, boldface records are new (unpublished) and a specimen has been examined. All specimens examined are deposited in the CNC, except if a depository acronym is noted in the far right column. Blue, italicized records are previously published but no specimen has been examined. Literature references are only noted for italicized records. For species with multiple italicized records based on multiple references, the references are listed in order from left to right, corresponding with the distributional records depicted from left to right, unless otherwise noted. An asterisk (*) denotes a record that was collected prior to the establishment of Nunavut or Labrador, and it is uncertain whether the record is from the Northwest Territories or Nunavut, or from the island of Newfoundland or Labrador, respectively. ^§ indicates a species that has been introduced from outside of North America in the last 500 years and has established a population.

ORDER HYMENOPTERA

SUPERFAMILY ANAXYELOIDEA

FAMILY ANAXYELIDAE

Genus Syntexis Rohwer, 1915

S. libocedrii Rohwer, 1915

CAN

–

SUPERFAMILY CEPHOIDEA

FAMILY CEPHIDAE

Nearctic revision – Ries 1937

Genus Caenocephus Konow, 1896

C. aldrichi Bradley, 1905

CAN

–

Genus Calameuta Konow, 1896

Key to Nearctic species – Smith and Schiff 2005

C. clavata (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Genus Cephus Latreille, 1802

C. cinctus Norton, 1872

CAN

–

C. pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1767) ^§

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

Genus Janus Stephens, 1835

Key to Nearctic species – Smith and Solomon 1989

J. abbreviatus (Say, 1824)

CAN

–

Emond and Wong 1987

J. bimaculatus (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

NS-BIOUG

J. integer (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

Genus Phylloecus Newman, 1838

(= Hartigia Schiødte: see Liston and Prous 2014). Nearctic Revision – Smith 1986c as Hartigia

P. bicinctus Provancher, 1875

CAN

–

P. cowichanus (Ries, 1937)

CAN

–

P. riesi (D.R. Smith, 1986)

CAN

–

P. trimaculatus (Say, 1824)

CAN

–

BC, MB-Ries 1937; NB-Smith 1986c

Genus Trachelus Jurine, 1807

T. tabidus (Fabricius, 1775) ^§

CAN

–

SUPERFAMILY ORUSSOIDEA

FAMILY ORUSSIDAE

Genus Orussus Latreille, 1796

Nearctic revision – Middlekauff 1983

O. minutus Middlekauff, 1983

CAN

–

Skvarla et al. 2015

O. occidentalis Cresson, 1879

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1983

O. sayii Westwood, 1835

CAN

–

O. terminalis Newman, 1838

CAN

–

O. thoracicus Ashmead, 1898

CAN

–

INHS

SUPERFAMILY PAMPHILIOIDEA

FAMILY PAMPHILIIDAE

SUBFAMILY CEPHALCIINAE

Genus Acantholyda Costa, 1894

Nearctic revision – Middlekauff 1958

Subgenus Acantholyda Costa, 1894

A. erythrocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) ^§

CAN

–

AB-NOFC

A. pini Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

Subgenus Itycorsia Konow, 1894

A. albomarginata (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. angulata (MacGillivray, 1912)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1958

A. atrata (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. balanata (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

A. brunnicans (Norton, 1864)

CAN

–

A. brunniceps (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1958

A. bucephala (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. burkei Middlekauff, 1958

CAN

–

A. chicoutimiensis (Huart, 1879)

CAN

–

A. circumcincta (Klug, 1808)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1958

A. crocina Middlekauff, 1958

CAN

–

A. luteomaculata (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. maculiventris (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

A. ochrocera (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

A. ruficeps (Harrington, 1893)

CAN

–

A. terminalis (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. tesselata (Klug, 1808)

CAN

–

A. verticalis (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1958

A. zappei (Rohwer, 1920)

CAN

–

Genus Cephalcia Panzer, 1803

Key to Nearctic species – Eidt 1969

C. californica Middlekauff, 1958

CAN

–

Eidt 1969

C. distincta (MacGillivray, 1912)

CAN

–

Eidt 1969

C. fascipennis (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Eidt 1969

C. frontalis (Westwood, 1874)

CAN

–

C. fulviceps (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

C. marginata Middlekauff, 1953

CAN

–

C. nigra Middlekauff, 1958

CAN

–

Eidt 1969

C. provancheri (Huart, 1879)

CAN

–

Eidt 1969

C. semidea (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY PAMPHILIINAE

Genus Neurotoma Konow, 1897

Nearctic revision – Middlekauff 1958

N. crataegi Middlekauff, 1940

CAN

–

SK-INHS

N. edwardi Liston, 1996 = N. fasciata (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

N. inconspicua (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1958

N. willi Middlekauff, 1958

CAN

–

Genus Onycholyda Takeuchi, 1938

Nearctic revision – Middlekauff 1964

O. excavata (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

O. luteicornis (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

O. multisignata (Norton, 1864)

CAN

–

NT-INHS

O. nigritibialis (Rohwer, 1912)

CAN

–

AB, SK-Middlekauff 1964; NS-Goulet 1987

O. quebecensis (Provancher, 1878)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

O. rufofasciata (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

O. sitkensis (Kincaid, 1900)

CAN

–

Kincaid 1900

Genus Pamphilius Latreille, 1803

Nearctic revision – Middlekauff 1964

P. burquei (Provancher, 1878)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Smith 1975b

P. cinctus Harrington, 1893

CAN

–

P. infuscatus Middlekauff, 1964

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

P. middlekauffi Shinohara & D.R. Smith, 1983

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

P. ochreipes (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

AK, MB-Middlekauff 1964; NS-Goulet 1987

P. pacificus (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

P. palachei (Ashmead, 1902)

–

Middlekauff 1964

P. pallimaculus (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

P. persicum MacGillivray, 1907

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

P. phyllisae Middlekauff, 1964

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

P. rileyi (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

P. semicinctus (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

Middlekauff 1964

P. uniunguis Middlekauff, 1964

CAN

–

P. vernalis Middlekauff, 1964

CAN

–

FAMILY SIRICIDAE

Nearctic Revision – Schiff et al. 2012

SUBFAMILY SIRICINAE

Genus Sirex Linnaeus, 1761

S. abietinus Goulet, 2012

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. areolatus (Cresson, 1868)

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. behrensii (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

S. californicus (Ashmead, 1904)

CAN

–

S. cyaneus Fabricius, 1781

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. longicauda Middlekauff, 1948

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. nigricornis Fabricius, 1781

CAN

–

S. nitidus (T. W. Harris, 1841)

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. noctilio Fabricius, 1793 ^§

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

S. varipes Walker, 1866

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

Genus Urocerus Geoffroy, 1785

Key to Nearctic species – Smith 1987; Schiff et al. 2012

U. albicornis (Fabricius, 1781)

CAN

–

U. californicus Norton, 1869

CAN

–

U. cressoni Norton, 1864

CAN

–

U. flavicornis (Fabricius, 1781)

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

U. sah (Mocsáry, 1881) ^§

CAN

–

U. taxodii (Ashmead, 1904)

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY TREMICINAE

Genus Tremex Jurine, 1807

T. columba (Linnaeus, 1763)

CAN

–

Schiff et al. 2012

Genus Xeris Costa, 1894

World revision: – Goulet et al. 2015

X. caudatus Cresson, 1865

CAN

–

Goulet et al. 2015

X. indecisus MacGillivray, 1893

CAN

–

X. melancholicus Westwood, 1874

CAN

–

FAMILY XIPHYDRIIDAE

Genus Xiphydria Latreille, 1802

Nearctic revision – Smith 1976a

X. abdominalis Say, 1824

CAN

–

X. canadensis Provancher, 1875

CAN

–

X. champlaini Rohwer, 1921

CAN

–

X. hicoriae Rohwer, 1918

CAN

–

X. maculata Say, 1836

CAN

–

Smith 1976a

X. mellipes T.W. Harris, 1841

CAN

–

UAM

X. prolongata (Geoffrey, 1785) ^§

CAN

–

X. tibialis Say, 1824

CAN

–

SUPERFAMILY TENTHREDINOIDEA

FAMILY ARGIDAE

SUBFAMILY ARGINAE

Genus Arge Schrank, 1802

Nearctic revision – Smith 1989

A. abdominalis (Leach, 1817)

CAN

–

A. borealis (Kirby, 1882)

CAN

–

Smith 1989

A. clavicornis (Fabricius, 1781)

CAN

–

AK, SK, MB-Smith 1989; NT-INHS; NF-Smith 1979a

A. coccinea (Fabricius, 1804)

CAN

–

A. curvaria D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

A. cyra (Kirby, 1882)

CAN

–

NF-BIOUG

A. humeralis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1809)

CAN

–

A. macleayi (Leach, 1817)

CAN

–

Smith 1989

A. ochropus (Gmelin, 1790) ^§

CAN

–

Hoebeke and Wheeler 2005

A. onerosa (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

A. parena D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

Smith 1989

A. pectoralis (Leach, 1817)

CAN

–

Smith 1989

A. quidia D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

A. scapularis (Klug, 1814)

CAN

–

A. smithi Blank, Liston & Taeger, 2009

CAN

–

Smith 1989

A. sparta (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

A. tavida D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

A. tumsua D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

A. willi D.R. Smith, 1989

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY ATOMACERINAE

Genus Atomacera Say, 1836

Nearctic revision – Smith 1969a

Atomacera debilis Say, 1836

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY STERICTIPHORINAE

Genus Aproceros Malaise, 1931

A. leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939 ^§

CAN

–

CFIA 2020

Genus Schizocerella Forsius, 1927

Nearctic revision – Hartsough et al. 2007

S. lineata (Rohwer, 1909)

CAN

–

S. pilicornis (Holmgren, 1868)

CAN

–

AB-INHS

Genus Sphacophilus Provancher, 1888

Nearctic revision – Smith 1971a

Subgenus Ceocolus D.R. Smith, 1971

S. nigriceps (Konow, 1906)

CAN

–

Smith 1971a

Subgenus Litocolus D.R. Smith, 1971

S. cellularis (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Genus Sterictiphora Billberg, 1820

Nearctic revision – Smith 1969a

S. cruenta D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

S. maura (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

INHS

S. prunivora (Dyar, 1897)

CAN

–

S. sericea (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

S. transversa D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

Smith 1969a

FAMILY CIMBICIDAE

SUBFAMILY ABIINAE

Genus Abia Leach, 1817

A. americana (Cresson, 1880) (species complex)

CAN

–

AK-Smith 1979a; BC-BIOUG; NS-Goulet 1987

A. fasciata (Linnaeus, 1758) ^§

CAN

–

A. inflata (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

A. kennicotti Norton, 1867

CAN

–

A. lonicerae (Linnaeus, 1758)^§

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY CIMBICINAE

Genus Cimbex Olivier, 1791

C. americanus Leach, 1817 (species complex)

CAN

–

C. semidea (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

BC-INHS

Genus Trichiosoma Leach, 1817

T. aleutianum Cresson, 1880

–

Smith 1979a

T. crassum W.F. Kirby, 1882

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. triangulum W. Kirby, 1837 (species complex)

CAN

–

FAMILY DIPRIONIDAE

Key to Nearctic genera and species checklist – Smith 1974a

SUBFAMILY DIPRIONINAE

Genus Diprion Schrank, 1802

D. similis (Hartig, 1836)^§

CAN

–

MB-Wong and Tidsbury 1983; NB, PE, NS, NF-Lyons 2014

Genus Gilpinia Benson, 1939

G. frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793)^§

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

G. hercyniae (Hartig, 1837)^§

CAN

–

Wong 1972; Bowers et al. 1993; Turnock and Melvin 1963

Genus Neodiprion Rohwer, 1918

Nearctic revision – Ross 1955

N. abbotii (Leach, 1817)

CAN

–

N. abietis (T.W. Harris, 1841)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

N. burkei Middleton, 1931

CAN

–

N. compar (Leach, 1817)

CAN

–

Atwood and Peck 1943

N. dubiosus Schedl, 1933

CAN

–

N. fulviceps (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

N. lecontei (Fitch, 1858)

CAN

–

Coppel and Benjamin 1965

N. maurus Rohwer, 1918

CAN

–

Lawrence and Melvin 1967

N. mundus Rohwer, 1918

CAN

–

N. nanulus Schedl, 1933

CAN

–

Ciesla and Smith 2011

N. nigroscutum Middleton, 1933

CAN

–

N. pinetum (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Atwood and Peck 1943

N. pratti (Dyar, 1899)

CAN

–

MB-Turnock and Melvin 1963; NB, NS-Smith 1979a

N. rugifrons Middleton, 1933

CAN

–

N. scutellatus Rohwer, 1918

CAN

–

N. sertifer (Geoffroy, 1785) ^§

CAN

–

Looney et al. 2016

N. swainei Middleton, 1931

CAN

–

Wallace 1959; Smith 1979a

N. tsugae Middleton, 1933

CAN

–

N. virginianus Rohwer, 1918

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY MONOCTENINAE

Genus Monoctenus Dahlbom, 1835

M. fulvus (Norton, 1872)

CAN

–

M. melliceps (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

M. suffusus (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

FAMILY PERGIDAE

Nearctic checklist – Smith 2006a

Genus Acordulecera Say, 1836

A. dorsalis Say, 1836

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

A. maculata MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

A. mellina MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

A. pellucida (Konow, 1898)

CAN

–

CAN-Smith 2006a; ON-INHS

FAMILY TENTHREDINIDAE

SUBFAMILY ALLANTINAE

Nearctic revision – Smith 1979b

Genus Allantus Panzer, 1801

A. albolabris (Rohwer, 1917)

CAN

–

A. basalis (Klug, 1818) ^§

CAN

–

A. cinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) ^§

CAN

–

ON, NB-Smith 1979b; NS-BIOUG

A. mellipes (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

A. rahmus D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

AK-USNM

A. umbonatus Wong, 1966

CAN

–

A. viennensis (Shrank, 1781)

CAN

–

Genus Ametastegia Costa, 1882

A. angusta (Kincaid, 1900)

CAN

–

A. aperta (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

A. articulata (Klug, 1818)

CAN

–

A. coloradensis (Weldon, 1907)

CAN

–

A. equiseti (Fallén, 1808)

CAN

–

A. glabrata (Fallén, 1808) ^§

CAN

–

A. pallipes (Spinola, 1808) ^§

CAN

–

AK-UAM

A. recens (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

NF*

–

Smith 1979a

A. rocia D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

A. tenera (Fallén, 1808) ^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM

A. xenia D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

Genus Aphilodyctium Ashmead, 1898

A. fidum (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Genus Dimorphopteryx Ashmead, 1898

D. abnormis Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

D. melanognathus Rohwer, 1910

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

D. pinguis (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

D. virginica Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

Genus Empria Lepeletier, 1828

E. alpina Benson, 1938

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

E. candidata (Fallén, 1808)

CAN

–

SK-INHS

E. coryli (Dyar, 1897)

CAN

–

E. evansi D.R. Smith, 1980

CAN

–

Smith 1980a

E. ignota (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

E. improba (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

E. maculata (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

E. multicolor (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

NF-INHS

E. nordica Ross, 1936

CAN

–

E. obscurata (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

Genus Eriocampa Hartig, 1837

E. juglandis (Fitch, 1857)

CAN

–

E. ovata (Linnaeus, 1760) ^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM

Genus Macremphytus MacGillivray, 1908

M. lovetti MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

M. semicornis (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

SK-INHS; MB, NF-Smith 1979b

M. tarsatus (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

M. testaceus (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

Genus Monostegia Costa, 1859

M. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1798) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Monsoma MacGillivray, 1908

M. inferentium (Norton, 1868)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

M. pulveratum (Retzius, 1783) ^§

CAN

–

Kruse et al. 2010

Genus Phrontosoma MacGillivray, 1908

P. belfragei (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

P. brocca D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

Smith 1980a

P. usta D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

Genus Pseudosiobla Ashmead, 1898

P. excavata (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

Genus Taxonus Hartig, 1837

T. borealis MacGillivray, 1895

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

T. epicera (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

T. pallicoxus (Provancher, 1885)

CAN

–

Smith 1979b

T. pallidicornis (Norton, 1868)

CAN

–

T. pallipes (Say, 1823)

CAN

–

T. proximus (Provancher, 1885)

CAN

–

T. rufocinctus (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. spiculatus (MacGillivray, 1908)

CAN

–

T. terminalis (Say, 1824)

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY ATHALIINAE

Genus Athalia Leach, 1817

Nearctic distribution – Hoebeke et al. 2011

A. cornubiae Benson, 1931 ^§

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY BLENNOCAMPINAE

Nearctic revision – Smith 1969c

Genus Apareophora Sato, 1928

A. dyari (Benson, 1930)

CAN

–

A. rossi D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

Genus Ardis Konow, 1886

A. atrata (Harrington, 1894)

CAN

–

A. pallipes (Serville, 1823) ^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Goulet 1987

Genus Blennogeneris MacGillivray, 1923

B. coloradensis (Rohwer, 1911)

CAN

–

B. spissipes (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Genus Claremontia Rohwer, 1909

C. conspiculata (MacGillivray, 1908)

CAN

–

C. osgoodi (D.R. Smith, 1969)

CAN

–

C. paupera (Provancher, 1882)

CAN

–

Smith 1969c

C. quebecensis (D.R. Smith, 1969)

CAN

–

C. typica Rohwer, 1909

CAN

–

Genus Eupareophora Enslin, 1914

E. parca (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Williams 2007; Smith 1969c

Genus Eutomostethus Enslin, 1914

E. ephippium (Panzer, 1798) ^§

CAN

–

E. luteiventris (Klug, 1816) ^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM

Genus Halidamia Benson, 1939

H. affinis (Fallén, 1807) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Lagonis Ross, 1937

L. nevadensis (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Smith 1969c

Genus Lycaota Konow, 1903

L. sodalis (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Genus Monardis Enslin, 1914

M. pulla D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

Genus Monophadnoides Ashmead, 1898

M. atrata (MacGillivray, 1893)

CAN

–

AK-USNM

M. rubi (T.W. Harris, 1845)

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Goulet 1987

Genus Monophadnus Hartig, 1837

M. aequalis MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

M. contortus (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

Smith 1969c

M. lattini D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

M. pallescens (Gmelin, 1790)^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM

Genus Paracharactus MacGillivray, 1908

P. niger (Harrington, 1889)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

P. rudis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

Genus Periclista Konow, 1886

P. albicollis (Norton, 1872)

CAN

–

Smith 1969c

P. diluta (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Smith 1969c

P. marginicollis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. media (Norton, 1864)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

Genus Phymatocera Dahlbom, 1835

Key to species – Goulet 1981

P. fumipennis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

P. racemosae D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

P. rusculla (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

P. similata (MacGillivray, 1908)

CAN

–

SK-INHS

P. smilacinae D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

ON-DEBU; QC-Smith 1969c; NS-Goulet 1987

Genus Rhadinoceraea Konow, 1886

R. aldrichi (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

R. insularis (Kincaid, 1900)

CAN

–

Smith 1969c

R. nubilipennis (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Genus Stethomostus Benson, 1939

S. fuliginosus (Shrank, 1781)^§

CAN

–

Genus Tethida Ross, 1937

T. barda (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

Genus Tomostethus Konow, 1886

T. multicinctus (Rohwer, 1909)

CAN

–

Genus Waldheimia Brullé, 1846

W. carbonaria (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

W. vitis (T.W. Harris, 1832)

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY HETERARTHRINAE

Nearctic Revision – Smith 1971b

Genus Caliroa Costa, 1859

C. annulipes (Klug, 1816) ^§

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

C. cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) ^§

CAN

–

C. dionae Smith & Moisan-De Serres, 2017

CAN

–

Smith and Moisan-De Serres 2017

C. distincta D.R. Smith, 1971

CAN

–

C. fasciata (Norton, 1864)

CAN

–

C. hyalina D.R. Smith, 1971

CAN

–

C. labrata MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

C. liturata MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

C. lobata MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

C. lorata MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

C. lunata MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

NF*

–

Goulet 1987; Smith 1979a

C. obsoleta (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Raizenne 1957

C. petiolata D.R. Smith, 1971

CAN

–

C. quercuscoccineae (Dyar, 1894)

CAN

–

Genus Endelomyia Ashmead, 1898

E. aethiops (Gmelin, 1790) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Fenella Westwood, 1839

F. nigrita Westwood, 1839

CAN

–

Genus Fenusa Leach, 1817

Subgenus Fenusa Leach, 1817

F. dohrnii (Tischbein, 1846) ^§

CAN

–

Smith 1971b

F. pumila Leach, 1817 ^§ Note: not seen in many urban areas in last 30 years.

CAN

–

Snyder et al. 2007; Digweed and Langor 2004; Digweed et al. 2009

Subgenus Kaliofenusa Viereck, 1910

F. ulmi Sundevall, 1847 ^§

CAN

–

Looney et al. 2016

Genus Fenusella Enslin, 1912

Note: some species limits in Fenusella are unclear. Fenusella wuestneii (Konow) has previously been recorded from the far north of North America (Smith 1979a: QC to AK), but is likely not the same as F. wuestneii in Europe because in Europe this is a more southern species on a southern host. More study is required to determine if far northern Nearctic specimens of Fenusella are F. alaskana, F. septentrionalis (Koch) or F. wuestneii.

F. alaskana Kincaid, 1900

CAN

–

Kincaid 1900; Smith 1971b

F. hortulana (Klug, 1818) ^§

CAN

–

F. leucostoma (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

Smith 1971b

F. nana (Klug, 1816) ^§

CAN

–

Digweed et al. 2009

F. populifoliella (Townsend, 1893)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

Genus Heterarthrus Stephens, 1835

H. nemoratus (Fallén, 1808) ^§

CAN

–

AK-Snyder et al. 2007; NT, AB, SK-Digweed et al. 2009

H. vagans (Fallén, 1808) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Metallus Forbes, 1885

Distribution and biology of Nearctic species – Eiseman and Smith (2017)

M. capitalis (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

AK-Smith 1979a; AB-BIOUG; NB-Smith 1971b

M. lanceolatus (Thomson, 1870) ^§

CAN

–

Hoebeke and Wheeler 2005

M. rohweri MacGillivray, 1909

CAN

–

Eiseman and Smith 2017

Genus Nefusa Ross, 1951

N. ambigua (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

AB-BIOUG; Goulet 1987

Genus Profenusa MacGillivray, 1914

P. alumna (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

P. canadensis (Marlatt, 1895)

CAN

–

P. lucifex (Ross, 1936)

CAN

–

P. thomsoni (Konow, 1886) ^§

CAN

–

AK-Digweed et al. 1997; YT, NT, BC, AB, SK, NB, NS; NF-Digweed et al. 2009

Genus Scolioneura Konow, 1890

S. vaccinii D.R. Smith & Eiseman, 2015

CAN

–

S. vicina Konow, 1894 ^§

CAN

–

Digweed et al. 2009

Genus Setabara Ross, 1951

S. histrionica (MacGillivray, 1909)

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY NEMATINAE

Genus Anoplonyx Marlatt, 1896

Key to Nearctic larvae – Wong 1955

A. canadensis Harrington, 1902

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

A. laricivorus (Rohwer & Middleton, 1932)

CAN

–

A. luteipes (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

NF*

–

YT, BC-Smith 1979a; AB, NF-Wong 1955

A. occidens Ross, 1937

CAN

–

Genus Caulocampus Rohwer, 1912

Revision – Smith 1968

C. acericaulis (MacGillivray, 1906)

CAN

–

C. matthewsi D.R. Smith, 1968

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

Genus Cladius Illiger, 1807

Nearctic revision – Smith 1974b

Subgenus Cladius Illiger, 1807

C. pectinicornis (Geoffroy, 1785) ^§ = C. difformis (Panzer, 1799)

CAN

–

AK-UAM; QC, NS-Smith 1974b

Subgenus Priophorus Dahlbom, 1835

C. betulae (Rohwer, 1922)

CAN

–

NF*

–

Smith 1974b

C. brullei (Dahlbom, 1835) ^§

CAN

–

Smith 1980a

C. compressicornis (Fabricius, 1804) ^§

CAN

–

Smith 1974b

C. infuscatus (MacGillivray, 1916)

CAN

–

Subgenus Trichiocampus Hartig, 1837

C. grandis (Serville, 1823) ^§

CAN

–

NF*

–

Smith 1974b

C. gregarius Dyar, 1895

CAN

–

C. simplicornis Norton, 1869

CAN

–

NT-INHS

Genus Craterocercus Rohwer, 1911

C. fraternalis (Norton, 1872)

CAN

–

Genus Dineura Dahlbom, 1835

D. militaris (Cresson, 1880) = Hemichroa amelanchieridis (Rohwer, 1920)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Goulet 1987

Genus Euura Newman, 1837

Holarctic distributions of former genus Amauronematus – Benson 1962; partial key to Nearctic species of former genus Pachynematus – Ross 1945; review of Eastern US species of former genus Phyllocolpa – Smith and Fritz 1996; key to Nearctic species of former genus Pikonema – Ross 1938; revisions of former genus Tubpontania: – Zinovjev and Viberg 1999; Vikberg 2010.

Note: Prous et al. 2014 synonymized many genera with Euura and did not recognize subgenera.

E. abnormis (Holmgren, 1883) = Amauronematus abnormis (Holmgren, 1883)

CAN

–

MacGillivray 1919

E. acutiserra (Lindqvist, 1949) = Phyllocolpa acutiserra (Lindquist, 1949)

CAN

–

Benson 1960

E. agama (Rohwer, 1912), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa agama (Rohwer, 1912)

CAN

–

E. alaskensis (Rohwer, 1911), comb. nov. = Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer, 1911)

CAN

–

NT*

–

AK, NF-Smith 1979a; NT-Kusch and Cerezke 1991

E. amentorum (Förster, 1854) = Amauronematus amentorum (Förster, 1854)

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Benson 1962

E. annulata (Gimmerthal, 1834) = Pachynematus annulatus (Gimmerthal, 1834)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. anolita (Ross, 1951), comb. nov. = Pachynematus anolita Ross, 1951

CAN

–

E. arctophilae (Benson, 1960), comb. nov. = Tubpontania arctophilae (Benson, 1960)

CAN

–

E. atra (Jurine, 1807) ^§

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Smith 1979a

E. atrata (MacGillivray, 1919) = Pontania atrata MacGillivray, 1919

CAN

–

E. atriceps (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus atriceps (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Poinar and Smith 2003

E. attus (D.R. Smith, 1979), comb. nov. = Nematus attus D.R. Smith, 1979

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. aurantiaca (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Pachynematus aurantiacus Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

Ross 1945

E. beckettae (Benson, 1960), comb. nov. = Pontania beckettae Benson, 1960

CAN

–

E. borealis (Marlatt, 1892), comb. nov. = Amauronematus borealis (Marlatt, 1892)

–

Fox 1892

E. bozemani (Cooley, 1903), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa bozemani (Cooley, 1903)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; MB-INHS

E. brunnea (Norton, 1864) = Amauronematus brunneus (Norton, 1864)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. calais (W.F. Kirby, 1882), comb. nov. = Nematus calais W.F. Kirby, 1882

CAN

–

AK-USNM

E. chalcea (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus chalceus (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. clibrichella (Cameron, 1878) = Pachynematus clibrichellus (Cameron, 1878)

CAN

–

E. clitellata (Serville, 1823) = Pachynematus clitellatus (Serville, 1823)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. clypeata (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Pachynematus clypeatus Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. coloradensis (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus coloradensis (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. completa (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus completus MacGillivray, 1919

–

E. cooki (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Amauronematus cooki Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

E. corniger (Norton, 1861), comb. nov. = Pachynematus corniger (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

AK-INHS, Smith 1979a

E. cosensii Rohwer, 1915

CAN

–

Rohwer 1915

E. crassicornis (Rohwer, 1912), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa crassicornis Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Zinovjev and Smith 1999

E. crassipes (Thomson, 1871) = Pontania crassipes (Thomson, 1871)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. currani (Ross, 1951), comb. nov. = Nematus currani Ross, 1951

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Curran 1926

E. dahlbomi (Thomson, 1871), comb. nov. = Amauronematus dahlbomi (Thomson, 1871)

CAN

–

E. delicatula (MacGillivray, 1919) = Pontania arctica (MacGillivray, 1919)

CAN

–

AK, NU-MacGillivray 1919; MB-Benson 1960

E. digesta (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus digestus MacGillivray, 1919

–

E. dimmockii (Cresson, 1880) = Pikonema dimmockii (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

NT*

–

Smith 1979a

E. dolichura (Thomson, 1871) = Pontania dolichura (Thomson, 1871)

CAN

–

Benson 1960

E. dulichus (Wong, 1968), comb. nov. = Amauronematus dulichus (Wong, 1968)

CAN

–

E. effrenata (MacGillivray, 1923), comb. nov. = Nematus effrenatus (MacGillivray, 1923)

–

MacGillivray 1923a

E. egnatia (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus egnatia (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

MacGillivray 1923b

E. errata (MacGillivray, 1923), comb. nov. = Nematus erratus (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. excavata (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa excavata (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. excessa (MacGillivray, 1923), comb. nov. = Nematus excessus (MacGillivray, 1923)

–

MacGillivray 1923a

E. excisa (Thomson, 1863) = Pachynematus excisus (Thomson, 1863)

–

E. extensicornis (Norton, 1861) = Pachynematus extensicornis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Ross 1945

E. gregaria (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Pachynematus gregarius Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

E. groenlandica (Malaise, 1933) = Amauronematus groenlandicus Malaise, 1933

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. hebes (Konow, 1907) = Amauronematus hebes Konow, 1907

CAN

–

E. helleni (Lindqvist, 1941) = Amauronematus helleni Lindqvist, 1941

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. histrio (Serville, 1823) = Amauronematus histrio (Serville, 1823)

CAN

–

AK-Smith 1979a; MB, ON-Benson 1962

E. hoppingi Ross, 1937 = Pontania hoppingi (Ross, 1937)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. hudsoniimagnus (Dyar, 1895), comb. nov. = Nematus hudsoniimagnus Dyar, 1895

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. hulteni (Malaise, 1931) = Amauronematus hulteni Malaise, 1931

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. indicata (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus indicatus MacGillivray, 1919

–

E. iridescens (Cresson, 1880), comb. nov. = Nematus iridescens Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. isolata (Kincaid, 1900), comb. nov. = Amauronematus isolatus Kincaid, 1900

CAN

–

Kincaid 1900; MacGillivray 1919

E. itelmena (Malaise, 1931) = Amauronematus itelmena (Malaise, 1931)

CAN

–

NT*

–

Smith 1979a; Benson 1962

E. jugicola (Thomson, 1871) = Nematus jugicola Thomson, 1871

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. kukakiana (Kincaid, 1900), comb. nov. = Pontania kukakiana Kincaid, 1900

–

Kincaid 1900

E. lanatae Malaise, 1921

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. leavitti (Rohwer, 1910), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa leavitti (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

Smith and Fritz 1996

E. leptocephalus (Thomson, 1863), comb. nov. = Nematus leptocephalus Thomson, 1863

CAN

–

E. leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846) = Phyllocolpa leucapsis (Tischbein, 1846)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. leucolena (Brischke, 1883) = Amauronematus leucolenus (Brischke, 1883)

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. limbata (Cresson, 1880), comb. nov. = Nematus limbatus Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. lineata (Harrington, 1893), comb. nov. = Amauronematus lineatus (Harrington, 1893)

CAN

–

AK-USNM

E. longicauda (Hellén, 1948) = Amauronematus longicauda (Hellén, 1948)

CAN

–

E. lucidae (Rohwer, 1912), comb. nov. = Pontania lucidae Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Rohwer 1912

E. magus (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus magus (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

NT, BC-Smith 2004; NU-MacGillivray 1919

E. mariana (Ross, 1929), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa mariana (Ross, 1929)

CAN

–

E. marlatti (Dyar, 1895), comb. nov. = Nematus marlatti Dyar, 1895

CAN

–

E. microphyes (Förster, 1854) = Amauronematus microphyes (Förster, 1854)

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. moerens (Förster, 1854), comb. nov. = Pachynematus moerens (Förster, 1854)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. montivaga (Marlatt, 1896) = Pachynematus montivagus (Marlatt, 1896)

–

AK-USNM

E. mucronata (Hartig, 1837) = E. gallae (Newman, 1837) (see Liston and Prous 2014)

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. myrtillifoliae (Benson, 1960), comb. nov. = Pontania myrtillifoliae Benson, 1960

CAN

–

E. neglecta (W.F. Kirby, 1882) = Amauronematus neglectus (Kirby, 1882)

CAN

–

E. nigra Norton, 1867

CAN

–

Norton 1867

E. nigrella Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Rohwer 1912

E. nigrita (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa nigrita (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

E. nigriventris (Holmgren, 1883) = Nematus nigriventris Holmgren, 1883

–

E. nitidipleuris (Malaise, 1931) = Amauronematus nitidipleuris Malaise, 1931

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. obducta (Hartig, 1837) = Pachynematus obductus (Hartig, 1837)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Vilhelmsen 2015

E. obscuripes (Holmgren, 1883) = Amauronematus obscuripes (Holmgren, 1883)

CAN

–

E. oligospila (Förster, 1854) = Nematus oligospilus Förster, 1854

CAN

–

AK-Smith 1979a; NT-INHS; AB-MacGillivray 1923b

E. ora (Kincaid, 1900) = Pontania ora Kincaid, 1900

–

Kincaid 1900

E. orbitalis Norton, 1862

CAN

–

E. oregonensis (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Amauronematus oregonensis Marlatt, 1896

–

USNM

E. pallistigmus (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

Rohwer 1910

E. parvilabris (Thomson, 1863), comb. nov. = Pachynematus parvilabris (Thomson, 1863)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. peninsularis (Kincaid, 1900), comb. nov. = Pontania peninsularis Kincaid, 1900

–

Kincaid 1900

E. pepii (Ross, 1929), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa pepii (Ross, 1929)

CAN

–

E. petiolaridis (Rohwer, 1917), comb. nov. = Pontania petiolaridis Rohwer, 1917

CAN

–

Rohwer 1917

E. pinguidorsum (Dyar, 1895), comb. nov. = Nematus pinguidorsum Dyar, 1895

CAN

–

Wong 1954

E. placenta (Norton, 1867), comb. nov. = Pontania placenta (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Norton 1867

E. pleurica (Norton, 1867), comb. nov. = Pachynematus pleuricus (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

AK-USNM

E. poecilonota (Zaddach, 1876) = Nematus poecilonotus Zaddach, 1876

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. polaris (Holmgren, 1883) = Nematus polaris Holmgren, 1883

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. popuella (Ross, 1929), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa popuella (Ross, 1929)

CAN

–

E. populi (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Tubpontania populi (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

E. pravus (Konow, 1895) = Nematus pravus (Konow, 1895)

CAN

–

E. proxima (Serville, 1823) = Pontania proxima (Serville, 1823)

CAN

–

E. pumila (Rohwer, 1910), comb. nov. = Tubpontania pumila (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

Rohwer 1910

E. quadrifasciata (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus quadrifasciatus (MacGillivray, 1919)

CAN

–

E. reticulata (Holmgren, 1883) = Nematus reticulatus Holmgren, 1883

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. ribesii (Scopoli, 1763) ^§ = Nematus ribesii (Scopoli, 1763)

CAN

–

AK-USNM

E. robusta (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa robusta (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

E. rotundidentata (Zinovjev & Vikberg, 1999), comb. nov. = Tubpontania rotundidentata (Zinovjev & Vikberg, 1999)

CAN

–

Zinovjev and Vikberg 1999

E. ruralis (Cresson, 1880), comb. nov. = Pikonema rurale (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

E. sagmarius (Konow, 1895) = Amauronematus sagmarius Konow, 1895

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. salicisdesmodioides (Walsh, 1866), comb. nov. = Pontania salicisdesmodioides (Walsh, 1866)

CAN

–

E. salicisnodus Walsh, 1866

CAN

–

E. salicisodoratus (Dyar, 1894), comb. nov. = Nematus salicisodoratus Dyar, 1894

CAN

–

AK, ON-USNM

E. salicispisum (Walsh, 1866), comb. nov. = Pontania salicispisum (Walsh, 1866)

CAN

–

E. salicispomum (Walsh, 1866), comb. nov. = Pontania salicispomum (Walsh, 1866)

CAN

–

E. semilactea (Zaddach, 1883) = Amauronematus semilacteus (Zaddach, 1883)

CAN

–

E. serissimae Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Rohwer 1912

E. setator (Ross, 1945), comb. nov. = Pachynematus setator Ross, 1945

CAN

–

E. smithae (Ross, 1945) = Pachynematus smithae Ross, 1945

CAN

–

E. spiraeae (Zaddach, 1883) ^§ = Nematus spiraeae Zaddach, 1883

CAN

–

Moisan-De Serres and Smith 2017

E. sporax (Ross, 1945), comb. nov. = Pachynematus sporax Ross, 1945

CAN

–

AK-USNM; Ross 1945

E. stenogaster (Förster, 1854) = Amauronematus stenogaster (Förster, 1854) = Amauronematus fallax auct.

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. stipata (MacGillivray, 1921), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa stipata (MacGillivray, 1921)

–

MacGillivray 1921

E. stordalensis (Strand, 1905), comb. nov. = Amauronematus stordalensis (Strand, 1905)

CAN

–

MacGillivray 1919

E. subatrata (MacGillivray, 1921), comb. nov. = Pontania subatrata MacGillivray, 1921

–

MacGillivray 1921

E. sublorata (MacGillivray, 1921), comb. nov. = Pontania sublorata MacGillivray, 1921

–

MacGillivray 1921

E. subpallida (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Nematus subpallidus (MacGillivray, 1919)

CAN

–

E. sueta (MacGillivray, 1921), comb. nov. = Pontania sueta MacGillivray, 1921

–

MacGillivray 1921

E. superba (Provancher, 1885), comb. nov. = Nematus superbus (Provancher, 1885)

CAN

–

Smith 1975b

E. tibialis (Newman, 1837) = Nematus tibialis Newman, 1837

CAN

–

E. tillbergi (Malaise, 1921) = Amauronematus tillbergi Malaise, 1921

CAN

–

E. trifasciata (MacGillivray, 1919), comb. nov. = Amauronematus trifasciatus (MacGillivray, 1919)

CAN

–

E. tundra (Kincaid, 1900), comb. nov. = Phyllocolpa tundra (Kincaid, 1900)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. uvator (Ross, 1945), comb. nov. = Pachynematus uvator Ross, 1945

CAN

–

Ross 1945; INHS

E. vaga (Fabricius, 1781) = Pachynematus vagus (Fabricius, 1781)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. vancouverensis (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus vancouverensis (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Marlatt 1896

E. variator (Ruthe, 1859) = Amauronematus variator (Ruthe, 1859)

CAN

–

E. ventosa (MacGillivray, 1923), comb. nov. = Amauronematus ventosus MacGillivray, 1923

–

MacGillivray 1923a

E. ventralis (Say, 1824) = Nematus ventralis Say, 1824

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

E. vicina (Serville, 1823) = Nematus vicinus Serville, 1823 = Nematus crassus (Fallén, 1808)

CAN

–

Benson 1962

E. viduata (Zetterstedt, 1838) = Amauronematus viduatus (Zetterstedt, 1838)

CAN

–

E. villosa (Thomson, 1863) = Nematus villosus Thomson, 1863

CAN

–

Smith 2008

E. whitneyi (Rohwer, 1920), comb. nov. = Amauronematus whitneyi Rohwer, 1920

–

Rohwer 1920

E. wrangeli (Marlatt, 1896), comb. nov. = Nematus wrangeli (Marlatt, 1896)

–

Marlatt 1896

E. xantha (Rohwer, 1909), comb. nov. = Amauronematus xanthus Rohwer, 1909

CAN

–

E. zebratus (Kincaid, 1900), comb. nov. = Nematus zebratus (Kincaid, 1900)

–

Kincaid 1900

Genus Fallocampus Wong, 1977

Key to Nearctic species (as Platycampus) – Smith 1976b

F. albostigmus (Rohwer, 1908)

CAN

–

Smith 1976b; Wong 1977; Smith 1979a

F. americanus (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

Smith 1976b

Genus Hemichroa Stephens, 1835

Holarctic revision – Smith 1975a

H. crocea (Geoffroy, 1785)

CAN

–

Smith 1975a

Genus Hoplocampa Hartig, 1837

Nearctic revision – Ross 1943c

H. alpestris Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

Ross 1943c

H. bioculata Rohwer, 1908

CAN

–

H. brevis (Klug, 1816) ^§

CAN

–

H. cookei (Clarke, 1906)

CAN

–

INHS

H. halcyon (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Goulet 1987

H. lacteipennis Rohwer, 1910

CAN

–

Ross 1943c

H. marlatti Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

H. montanicola Rohwer, 1911

CAN

–

Ross 1943c

H. neneti Ross, 1943

CAN

–

H. pallipes MacGillivray, 1893

CAN

–

Ross 1943c

H. spala Ross, 1943

CAN

–

Ross 1943c

H. stricklandi Ross, 1943

CAN

–

H. testudinea (Klug, 1816) ^§ Note: apparently eradicated in BC (Vincent et al. 2019)

CAN

–

Vincent et al. 2013; Burgart et al. 2016

Genus Kerita Ross, 1937

Nearctic revision of Pseudodineurini – Smith 1976c

K. atira D.R. Smith, 1976

CAN

–

Genus Nematinus Rohwer, 1911

Nearctic revision – Smith 1986b

N. acuminatus (Thomson, 1871) = N. pontanioides (Marlatt, 1896)

CAN

–

N. ochreatus (Rohwer, 1910)

CAN

–

N. parsebenus D.R. Smith, 1986

CAN

–

N. unicolor (Dyar, 1895)

CAN

–

SK, MB-Wong 1954; NF-Smith 1979a

Genus Nematus Panzer, 1801

Note: Prous et al. 2014 synonymized several genera with Nematus, did not recognize subgenera, and moved some species to Euura.

Nearctic revision of former genus Craesus (= Croesus) – Smith 1972; Nearctic revision of former subgenus N. (Nematus) (most species) – Smith 2008

N. abbotii (W.F. Kirby, 1882)

CAN

–

N. alniastri (Scharfenberg, 1805), comb. nov.^§ = Craesus alniastri (Scharfenberg, 1805)

CAN

–

Smith 1972; Buckle 1930

N. castaneae (Rohwer, 1915), comb. nov. = Craesus castaneae Rohwer, 1915

CAN

–

N. erythrogaster Norton, 1864

CAN

–

N. laticulus (Norton, 1869)

CAN

–

Smith 2008

N. latifasciatus Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Smith 2008

N. latitarsus (Norton, 1862), comb. nov. = Craesus latitarsus Norton, 1862

CAN

–

Smith 1972

N. nigristigma (Provancher, 1885)

CAN

–

Smith 1975b

Note: type mostly destroyed, therefore generic identity relative to Prous et al. 2014 unclear (D. Smith, pers. comm.)

N. tertius D.R. Smith, 2008

CAN

–

Smith 2008

N. umbratus Thomson, 1871

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

N. wahlbergi Thomson, 1871^§

CAN

–

BIOUG

Genus Pristiphora Latreille, 1810

Note: Prous et al. 2014 synonymized several genera with Pristiphora and did not recognize subgenera.

Descriptions of some Nearctic species –Wong and Ross 1960; Distributions and new combinations of species previously in Pristolini – Smith and Dolan 2016; European revision including synonymies and newly recorded Holarctic species – Prous et al. 2017.

P. abbreviata (Hartig, 1837)

CAN

–

P. acidovalva Wong, 1969

CAN

–

P. aphanta Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

P. appendiculata (Hartig, 1837)

CAN

–

P. banksi Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

P. bivittata (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

P. borea (Konow, 1904)

CAN

–

P. breadalbanensis (Cameron, 1882)

CAN

–

P. cadma Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. chlorea (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

P. cincta Newman, 1837

CAN

–

P. coactula (Ruthe, 1859)

CAN

–

P. elaphita Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

P. erichsonii (Hartig, 1837) ^§ Note: introduced, but also naturally Holarctic (see Wong 1974)

CAN

–

AK-Richmond et al. 1995; NT, PE, NS-Ives and Muldrew 1984

P. ferruginosa (Wong, 1968) = Melastola ferruginosa Wong, 1968

CAN

–

P. frigida (Boheman, 1865) = P. gelida Wong, 1968

CAN

–

P. geniculata (Hartig, 1840) ^§

CAN

–

BIOUG

P. groenblomi (Lindqvist, 1952)

–

Smith 1979a

P. hucksena Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

P. insularis Rohwer, 1910

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. labradoris (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. lata (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

P. lativentris (Thomson, 1871)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. leechi Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

P. lena Kincaid, 1900

CAN

NT*

–

Smith 1979a

P. litura (Klug, 1816) = Neopareophora litura (Klug, 1816)

CAN

–

P. macnabi (Ross, 1945) = Pristola macnabi Ross, 1945

CAN

–

AK-Smith and Dolan 2016; AB, MB-Wong 1968

P. maura Rohwer, 1908

CAN

–

P. melanocarpa (Hartig, 1840)

CAN

–

P. micronematica Malaise, 1931

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. mollis (Hartig, 1837)

CAN

–

P. nigra Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

P. pallidiventris (Fallén, 1808)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a; Rohwer 1910

P. parbeta Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. pseudocoactula (Lindqvist, 1952)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. punctifrons (Thomson, 1871)

CAN

–

Prous et al. 2017

P. relativa Norton, 1867

CAN

–

NT*

–

Smith 1979a

P. resinicolor (Marlatt, 1896) = Melastola resinicolor (Marlatt, 1896)

–

Smith 1979a

P. reuteri (Lindqvist, 1960)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. rufipes Serville, 1823 ^§

CAN

–

NF*

–

BC, NF-Smith 1979a; AB-Smith 1980a

P. serrula Wong & Ross, 1960

CAN

–

P. siskiyouensis Marlatt, 1896

CAN

–

Smith 1980a

P. staudingeri (Ruthe, 1859)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

P. subbifida (Thomson, 1871) ^§

CAN

–

Smith et al. 2018

P. sycophanta Walsh, 1866

CAN

–

Genus Pseudodineura Konow, 1885

Nearctic revision of Pseudodineurini – Smith 1976c

P. fuscula (Klug, 1816) ^§

CAN

–

P. kasatochi D.R. Smith, 2010

–

Smith et al. 2010

P. lehosa D.R. Smith, 1976

CAN

–

Smith 1976c

P. parva (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Smith 1976c

Genus Susana Rohwer & Middleton, 1932

Review – Smith 2006b

S. fuscala Wong & Milliron, 1972

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY SELANDRIINAE

Nearctic revision – Smith 1969b

Genus Adelesta Ross, 1937

A. nova (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

Smith 1969b

Genus Aneugmenus Hartig, 1837

A. flavipes (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Ross 1930

A. padi (Linnaeus, 1760) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Birka Malaise, 1944

B. nordica D.R. Smith, 1969

CAN

–

Genus Brachythops Curtis, 1939

B. flavens (Klug, 1816)

CAN

–

Smith 1969b

B. wuestneii (Konow, 1885)

CAN

–

Smith 1969b

Genus Dolerus Panzer, 1801 Nearctic revision – Goulet 1986

Subgenus Achaetoprion Goulet, 1986

D. abdominalis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. abstrusus Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. agcistus MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

MB-Ross 1931; ON, QC-Goulet 1986

D. beauvoisi D.R. Smith, 2009

CAN

–

D. decussatus Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. eurybis Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. lesticus MacGillivray, 1914

CAN

–

Ross 1931

D. maculicollis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

D. mimus Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. moramus Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. nativus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

NT*

–

D. neoagcistus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. nigrilabris Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. nortoni Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. rossi Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. sayi Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

Subgenus Dicrodolerus Goulet, 1986

D. apricus (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

D. nauticus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

Subgenus Dolerus Panzer, 1801

D. aeneiceps Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. aprilis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

D. apriloides MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

D. elderi Kincaid, 1900

CAN

–

D. incisus Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. nasutus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

D. nimbosus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

D. similis (Norton, 1861)

CAN

–

D. tibialis Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

D. yukonensis Norton, 1872

CAN

–

Subgenus Equidolerus Taeger & Blank, 1996

D. frisoni Ross, 1931

CAN

–

Note: Records by Smith (1979a) of D. pratensis (Linnaeus) from AB and MB are D. frisoni (Goulet 1986). D. pratensis is only Palearctic.

D. gessneri André, 1880

CAN

–

D. konowi MacGillivray, 1914

CAN

–

D. subfasciatus F. Smith, 1874

CAN

–

Subgenus Loderus Konow, 1890

D. gilvipes (Klug, 1818)

CAN

–

Subgenus Neodolerus Konow, 1890

D. centralis Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. columbianus Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. fulgens Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

D. hebes Goulet, 1986

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. neosericeus MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

D. parasericeus MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

D. polysericeus MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

D. sericeus Say, 1824

CAN

–

Goulet 1986; Smith 1980a

Subgenus Oncodolerus Goulet, 1986

D. acidus (MacGillivray, 1923)

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

Subgenus Poodolerus Zhelochovtsev, 1988

D. asper Zaddach, 1859

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. borealis MacGillivray, 1893

CAN

–

D. illini Ross, 1931

CAN

–

D. neocollaris MacGillivray, 1908

CAN

–

Smith 1980a

D. nitens Zaddach, 1859 ^§

CAN

–

D. nocuus MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

D. rufilobus Ross, 1931

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

D. unicolor (Palisot de Beauvois, 1809)

CAN

–

Goulet 1986

Genus Heptamelus Haliday, 1855

Taxonomy and biology of H. dahlbomi (Thomson, 1870) versus H. ochroleucus (Stephens, 1835) – Vikberg and Liston 2009

H. dahlbomi (Thomson, 1870) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Nesoselandria Rohwer, 1910

N. morio (Fabricius, 1781) ^§

CAN

–

Genus Strongylogaster Dahlbom, 1835

Nearctic revision – Smith 1969b

S. distans Norton, 1868

CAN

–

S. impressata Provancher, 1878

CAN

–

S. lata D.R. Smith & Naito, 1995

CAN

–

S. macula (Klug, 1817) ^§

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

S. multicincta Norton, 1862

CAN

–

S. polita Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

S. remota Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

S. rufigastra (Kincaid, 1900)

CAN

–

Smith 1969b

S. soriculatipes Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

S. tacita (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

S. tibialis Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Genus Thrinax Konow, 1885

Nearctic revision – Smith 1966 as Hemitaxonus

T. albidopicta (Norton, 1868)

CAN

–

T. dubitata (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

T. multicinctus (Hall, 1918)

CAN

–

T. primaria (D.R. Smith, 1966)

CAN

–

Smith 1966

SUBFAMILY TENTHREDININAE

Note: Smith and Gibson (1984) stated that Filacus doanei (Rohwer) has CNC specimens labelled “Victoria, B.C.”. They doubted they were labeled correctly since all other specimens are from Mexico to California. Genus and species omitted pending additional specimens from Canada.

Genus Aglaostigma Kirby, 1882

Nearctic revision – Ross 1943a

A. jocosum (Provancher, 1882)

CAN

–

A. quattuordecimpunctatum (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

A. rubens (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

A. semiluteum (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

Genus Lagium Konow, 1904

Review – Smith 1986a

L. atroviolaceum (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

Genus Leucopelmonus MacGillivray, 1916

L. annulicornis (Harrington, 1893)

CAN

–

Genus Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835

Nearctic revision – Gibson 1980

M. alba MacGillivray, 1895

CAN

–

M. albomaculata (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

M. amediata Gibson, 1980

CAN

–

NS-INHS

M. bifasciata (Say, 1823)

CAN

–

M. cassandra Kirby, 1882

CAN

–

M. epinota (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. festana Ross, 1931

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. flavicoxae (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. flavolineata (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. flicta MacGillivray, 1920

CAN

–

M. formosa (Klug, 1817)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. fuliginea Norton, 1867

CAN

–

M. fumator Norton, 1867

CAN

–

M. goniphora (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. intermedia (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

M. lineatana Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. macgillivrayi Gibson, 1980

CAN

–

M. maculilabris Konow, 1899

CAN

–

M. mensa Gibson, 1980

CAN

–

M. mixta MacGillivray, 1895

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. nigra (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

M. oregona Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. pannosa (Say, 1836)

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. propinqua Harrington, 1889

CAN

–

M. pulchella (Klug, 1817)

CAN

–

M. punctata MacGillivray, 1895

CAN

–

M. punctumalbum (Linnaeus, 1767) ^§

CAN

–

M. senacca Gibson, 1980

CAN

–

Gibson 1980

M. serratalineata Gibson, 1980

CAN

–

M. simillima Rohwer, 1917

CAN

–

M. succincta Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

M. tibiator Norton, 1864

CAN

–

M. trisyllaba (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

M. varia (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

M. zoe Kirby, 1882

CAN

–

Genus Pachyprotasis Hartig, 1837

P. rapae (Linnaeus, 1767)

CAN

–

Genus Rhogogaster Konow, 1884

Nearctic revision – Ross 1943b

R. addenda (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

R. californica (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

R. lateraria (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

Ross 1943b

R. viridis (Linnaeus, 1758)

CAN

–

Genus Tenthredo Linnaeus, 1758

Nearctic revisions of T. arcuata species group, T. verticalis and prosopa groups – Goulet 1996, 2020

T. alaskana (Enslin, 1910)

–

T. alienata Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

T. angulifera (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

NB-USNM; NS-INHS

T. anomocerus Rohwer, 1912

CAN

–

BC-CUIC

T. appalachia Goulet & D.R. Smith, 1995

CAN

–

Goulet and Smith 1995

T. arctica (Thomson, 1870)

CAN

–

T. atra Linnaeus, 1758

CAN

–

T. auraria Konow, 1899

CAN

–

T. basilaris Say, 1824

CAN

–

T. cascadensis Goulet, 1996

CAN

–

T. cinctitibiis Norton, 1869

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. colon Klug, 1817

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. coloradensis Rowher, 1912

CAN

–

T. comox Goulet, 1996

CAN

–

T. cordillera Goulet, 1996

CAN

–

AK-CAS

T. devia (Konow, 1900)

CAN

–

ON-ROM

T. discrepans Norton, 1868

CAN

–

Norton 1868

T. dissimilis (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. diversiceps Rohwer, 1910

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. elegantula (Cresson, 1880)

CAN

–

T. erythromera Provancher, 1885

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. eximia Norton, 1868

CAN

–

T. fawnae Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. fernaldii MacGillivray, 1900

CAN

–

T. ferrugineipes Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. flaviocciput Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. fraternalis (Ross, 1931)

CAN

–

T. grandis (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. juga Konow, 1908

–

Konow 1908

T. lacticincta Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

T. leoni Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

QC-QMOR

= T. cingulatus Provancher, 1878

T. leucostoma (Kirby, 1837)

CAN

–

T. lobata (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. macgillivrayi (Smulyan, 1915)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. maculosa (Smulyan, 1915)

CAN

–

= T. mantha Ross, 1951

T. magnata MacGillivray, 1897

CAN

–

T. masneri Goulet & D.R. Smith, 1995

CAN

–

Goulet and Smith 1995

T. maxima (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

T. mellicoxa Provancher, 1878

CAN

–

Goulet 1987

T. mellina (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. micheleae Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. nigritarsalis Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. nigritibialis MacGillivray, 1897

CAN

–

T. nordica Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

AB-UASM

= T. bella Cresson, 1880

T. nova MacGillivray, 1897

CAN

–

AB-INHS

T. occidentalis Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

T. olivacea Klug, 1817

CAN

–

T. opima Cresson, 1880

CAN

–

T. originalis (Norton, 1867)

CAN

–

YT-QMOR; BC-EMUS

T. paraverticalis Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. perplexa MacGillivray, 1897

–

Konow 1908

T. piceocincta (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

NS-FSCA

Note: previous records from AK (as T. harrimani Kincaid) are omitted until species group is revised.

T. pleuralis Cresson, 1865

CAN

–

T. remea MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

T. rhammisia MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. ruficollis Harrington, 1894

CAN

–

T. rufiscutum Goulet, 2020

CAN

–

T. rufopectus (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. rurigena MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

T. rutila MacGillivray, 1923

CAN

–

T. secunda MacGillivray, 1897

CAN

–

T. signata (Norton, 1860)

CAN

–

T. stricklandi (Ross, 1931)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. subcoerulea Eschscholtz, 1822

–

AK-USNM

Note: species misinterpreted. True T. subcoerulea only from AK

T. subrufescens Kirby, 1882

CAN

–

T. taegeri Goulet, 1996

CAN

–

T. titusi Rohwer, 1909

CAN

–

T. transversolinea Goulet, 2020 = T. rubripes MacGillivray, 1900

CAN

–

T. ungava Goulet, 1996

CAN

–

T. varians Norton, 1868

CAN

–

T. varipicta Norton, 1868

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

T. vellosa Ross, 1951

CAN

–

T. verticalis Say, 1824

CAN

–

T. xantha Norton, 1864

CAN

–

T. yuasi MacGillivray, 1920

CAN

–

Genus Zaschizonyx Ashmead, 1898

Z. montana (Cresson, 1865)

CAN

–

SUPERFAMILY XYELOIDEA

FAMILY XYELIDAE

Key to Nearctic genera – Ross 1932

SUBFAMILY MACROXYELINAE

Genus Macroxyela Kirby, 1882

Nearctic revision – Smith and Schiff 1998

M. ferruginea (Say, 1824)

CAN

–

Genus Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898

Nearctic revision – Smith and Schiff 1998

M. aviingrata (Dyar, 1898)

CAN

–

M. tricolor (Norton, 1862)

CAN

–

Genus Xyelecia Ross, 1932

X. nearctica Ross, 1932

CAN

–

SUBFAMILY XYELINAE

Genus Pleroneura Konow, 1897

Nearctic revision – Smith 1977

P. aldrichi Ross, 1932

CAN

–

P. brunneicornis Rohwer, 1910

CAN

–

P. californica (Ashmead, 1898)

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

Genus Xyela Dalman, 1819

Nearctic revision – Burdick 1961

X. alberta (Curran, 1923)

CAN

–

X. alpigena (Strobl, 1895)

CAN

–

X. bakeri Konow, 1898

CAN

–

X. cheloma Burdick, 1961

CAN

–

X. julii Brébisson, 1818 Status relative to X. obscura (Strobl) currently under investigation

CAN

–

BIOUG-AB, ON

X. linsleyi Burdick, 1961

CAN

–

X. middlekauffi Burdick, 1961

CAN

–

Burdick 1961

X. minor Norton, 1869

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

X. pini Rohwer, 1913

CAN

–

Smith 1979a

In contrast to Canada, the number of species of sawflies in Alaska and Greenland is far lower, with 183 species in 48 genera in 8 families from Alaska and 7 described species in 1 genus (Euura) from Greenland (Tables 1, 2). Smith (1979a) recorded 136 species of sawflies from Alaska, meaning that the current survey has increased the number by 34.6%. The number of described species recorded from Alaska has some degree of uncertainty for several reasons. First, there are four species of Tenthredo Linnaeus that have been omitted because of unpublished research by the senior author that indicates that they are junior synonyms. The species are: Tenthredo bivittata Kincaid, T. harrimani Kincaid, T. retroversa MacGillivray and T. rusticula MacGillivray. It is noted here that several other species of Tenthredo recorded from Canada are also of questionable validity or uncertain status and so are omitted from the checklist as well, pending further study. These are: T. mutans Norton, T. nigricostata Provancher, T. pallicola MacGillivray, T. pectoralis Norton, T. redimacula MacGillivray, T. tricolor (Norton) and T. varians Norton. Second, it is likely that some of the 20 species of Euura listed only from Alaska are invalid; however, these species are included in the checklist since we currently have no evidence of their invalid status. Third, the number of species of Neodiprion Rohwer in Alaska is likely higher than the two listed in Table 2: N. abietis (Harris) and N. tsugae Middleton, but confirmation of the identity of other species was not possible prior to submission of the manuscript.

The summary of the entomofauna of Greenland (Vilhelmsen 2015) included records from three genera of Tenthredinidae; however, one of these (Ametastegia Costa) was only recorded at genus level and therefore is not included in the current list, and the other two (Amauronematus Konow and Pachynematus Konow) are now both synonyms of Euura. Vilhelmsen (2015) recorded five species (not including Ametastegia sp.) and noted three more recorded by Henriksen (1939) that could not be substantiated by specimens. Of these three, we include Euura (=Amauronematus) borealis (Marlatt) in our list based on the male holotype at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (Fox 1892). We omit the other two – Cladius grandis (Serville) and Euura (=Amauronematus) viduata (Zetterstedt) pending discovery of supporting specimens. We do include one additional species, not included in Vilhelmsen (2015): Euura (=Pachynematus) parvilabris (Thomson) based on the record in Smith (1979a). Apart from being recorded from Greenland, the latter species is the northernmost sawfly collected in the world (from Ward Hunt Island, Nunavut, Canada: 83°05'N) (Benson 1962).

Fourteen species have been reported from Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Gargominy et al. 2020) as follows: Pamphiliidae: Onycholyda luteicornis (Norton); Siricidae: Urocerus albicornis (Fabricius), U. flavicornis (Fabricius); Cimbicidae: Abia fasciata (Linnaeus); Diprionidae: Neodiprion abietis; Tenthredinidae: Allantus cinctus (Linnaeus), Caliroa cerasi (Linnaeus), Cladius simplicornis Norton, Dolerus nitens Zaddach, Euura ribesii (Scopoli), Pachyprotasis rapae (Linnaeus), Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), P. geniculata (Hartig) and Tenthredo piceocincta (Norton). It is noted that the record of Urocerus flavicornis was listed in the TAXREF online database as U. gigas (Linnaeus), without noting subspecies. North American specimens previously identified as U. gigas flavicornis are now considered a distinct species (Schiff et al. 2012). It is possible that specimens from Saint Pierre and Miquelon belong to U. gigas gigas but this is currently considered to occur in the Palaearctic region only. Despite not being able to examine specimens from Saint Pierre and Miquelon, all records are credible. All of these species are known from the island of Newfoundland except Caliroa cerasi (recorded from QC) and Euura ribesii and Cladius simplicornis (both recorded from NS). Considering that 94 species of sawflies are known from the island of Newfoundland (Table 1), more species are expected to occur in the collectivity.

In terms of species richness of sawflies by distributional area, the political region in our checklist with the highest recorded number of species of sawflies is Ontario (471: 62.1% of 758 species), followed by Quebec (411: 54.2%) and British Columbia (308, 40.6%) (Fig. 1 and Table 1). The greater relative species richness in these areas is certainly strongly influenced by higher sampling effort compared to more northern or central regions. Despite this southern bias, sawflies are well-represented in northern regions, at least in the northwest (Alaska, Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories) with 183, 92 and 111 species, respectively. These numbers represent 24.1%, 12.1% and 14.6% of the total sawfly species recorded in northern North America (Fig. 1). As a comparison, Chalcidoidea is a more southern group with 9.1%, 5.5% and 6.3% of the total species recorded in the same three regions (Huber et al. 2021).

In total, 69 new species records of sawflies are reported for Canada, which represents 9.5% of the total number of described species recorded in the country. The number of new Canadian species records by family is summarized in Table 1 (in parentheses following the Canada totals). The checklist includes five new generic records for Canada: Calameuta Konow and Trachelus Jurine (Cephidae), Pseudosiobla Ashmead and Setabara Ross (Tenthredinidae) and Xyelecia Ross (Xyelidae). There are 29 new species records for Alaska (15.8% of the 183 species recorded) and seven new generic records: Xiphydria Latreille (Xiphydriidae) and six genera of Tenthredinidae (Ardis Konow, Eutomostethus Enslin, Eriocampa Hartig, Lagonis Ross, Monophadnoides Ashmead and Monophadnus Hartig). All families in our checklist were previously recorded from Canada. Xiphydriidae is newly recorded from Alaska. There were no new records for Greenland.

Some species of sawflies recorded in northern North America are known to have been accidentally introduced to the Nearctic since European colonization. These are indicated in Table 2 by a ^§ following the author and year of publication. In some cases, it is unclear whether species have been introduced in recent times (the last 500 years) or whether they have a historical Holarctic distribution. Only species for which there is good evidence of recent, accidental introduction are considered introduced. Of the 758 total species in northern North America, 64 (8.4%) are considered as introduced. This figure may be slightly lower than the actual number of introduced species because of difficulty assessing whether species are historically Holarctic or recently introduced, especially in some of the large, relatively poorly known genera such as Euura, Nematus and Pristiphora. Overall, introduced species are known from 8 of the 12 families: Argidae (2 species), Cephidae (2), Cimbicidae (2), Diprionidae (4), Pamphiliidae (1), Siricidae (2), Tenthredinidae (50) and Xiphydriidae (1). Of note, within Tenthredinidae, the subfamily Heterarthrinae has a relatively high percentage of introduced species: 13 of 37 (35.1%), presumably because this group has leaf-mining larvae (Smith 1971b) that often occur unnoticed in plant material transported by humans.

It is certain that additional sampling in northern North America will increase the number of recorded sawfly species by discovery of new species, as well as detection of southern Nearctic and Palaearctic species that have previously gone unnoticed. Almost all of the undiscovered diversity will be in Tenthredinidae. Based on DNA barcode data, and using the Barcode Index Number (BIN) criterion of Ratnasingham and Hebert (2013) that 2% sequence divergence was indicative of species differences, Bennett et al. (2019) found that the number of BINs of sawflies in Canada in the BOLD database was lower than the number of recorded species in all families except Siricidae (25 BINs compared to 20 species) and Cimbicidae (15 BINs versus 8 species). The number of BINs of Tenthredinidae in Canada (528) was nearly equal to the number of species they recorded (532); however, they predicted that more than 200 additional species of Tenthredinidae were present in Canada. This prediction has been supported by a recent Nearctic review of two species groups of Tenthredo (30 species) which included description of 13 new species of which 9 are present in northern North America (Goulet 2020). It has been noted in other studies that the use of DNA barcodes in sawflies works well in many groups, but can be a poor estimate of species diversity in others (Schmidt et al. 2017 for sawflies in general, Prous et al. 2017, 2020 for Pristiphora and Empria Lepeletier and Serville, respectively). Therefore, a great deal more collecting and taxonomic research is required before we are able to make a more informed estimate of the total number of sawflies in northern North America. It is hoped that this checklist will provide baseline distributional data that will facilitate these much-needed studies.

Figures 2–7.

Sawfly adults 2 Syntexis libocedrii (Anaxyelidae), Oregon, USA (photo by N. Schiff) 3 Phylloecus trimaculatus (Cephidae), Joliette, QC, Canada 4 Orussus occidentalis (Orussidae), Ottawa, ON, Canada 5 Acantholyda erythrocephala (Pamphiliidae), Ottawa, ON, Canada 6 Tremex columba (Siricidae), Lake Manitou, ON, Canada 7 Xiphydria abdominalis (Xiphydriidae), Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Figures 8–13.

Sawfly adults 8 Arge sp. (Argidae), Ottawa, ON, Canada 9 Trichiosoma triangulum (Cimbicidae), Matagami, QC, Canada 10 Diprion similis (Diprionidae), Lake Manitou, ON, Canada 11 Acordulecera dorsalis (Pergidae), Antrim, New Jersey, USA (photo by T. Murray) 12 Ametastegia pallipes (Tenthredinidae: Allantinae), Manitoulin Island, ON, Canada 13 Eutomostethus ephippium (Tenthredinidae: Blennocampinae), Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Figures 14–19.

Sawfly adults 14 Metallus capitalis (Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae), Driftwood Prov. Park, ON, Canada 15 Cladius pallipes, Manitoulin Island, ON, Canada 16 Dolerus (Achaetoprion) sp. (Tenthredinidae: Selandriinae), Manitoulin Island, ON, Canada 17 Lagium atroviolaceum (Tenthredinidae: Tenthredininae) feeding on aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Gore Bay, ON, Canada 18 Tenthredo pleuralis (Tenthredinidae: Tenthredininae), St. Anthony, NF, Canada 19 Macroxyela ferruginea (Xyelidae), Maryland, USA (photo by S. Schulmeister).

Figures 20–26.

Sawfly larvae 20 Cimbex americanus (Cimbicidae) Lake Manitou, ON, Canada 21 Nematus (= Craesus) latitarsus (Tenthredinidae: Nematinae), Vancouver, BC, Canada 22 Dimorphopteryx sp. (Tenthredinidae: Allantinae) Driftwood Prov. Park, ON, Canada 23 Eriocampa ovata (Tenthredinidae: Allantinae) St. Andrew’s, NF, Canada 24 Neodiprion nanulus (Diprionidae) Ottawa, ON, Canada 25 Eupareophora parca (Tenthredinidae: Blennocampinae) Ottawa, ON, Canada 26 Macremphytus testaceus (Tenthredinidae: Allantinae) Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks go to A. Taeger (Senckenburg) for discussions on species limits and nomenclature of many species, for allowing inclusion of his identifications of some Nearctic species, for graciously sharing his comprehensive collection of electronic sawfly literature and for hosting the senior author during a trip to Müncheberg. Thanks also go to A. Liston (Senckenburg, Germany) for clarification of the species limits within Fenusella. We gratefully acknowledge the curators of the collections in which examined specimens are deposited. The following individuals are thanked for permission to use their photos of live sawflies: N. Schiff, US Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, MS (Syntexis libocedrii); T. Murray, MA, USA (Acordulecera sp.) and S. Schulmeister, Germany (Macroxyela ferruginea). D. Barnes of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, ON helped prepare the plates of photographs of live insects and compiled and checked the distributional data. A. Bass (AAFC, Ottawa) helped check and compile the literature and formatted the data for upload to GBIF. J. Huber of Natural Resources Canada (NRC), Ottawa graciously proofread a draft of this study. D. Langor (NRC, Edmonton, AB) confirmed the Alberta record of Acantholyda erythrocephala; D. Moreau (AAFC, Kentville, NS) provided the specimens on which the new Nova Scotia record of Phylloecus trimaculatus is based. This study would not have been possible without the work of several summer students who surveyed the CNC and the literature for relevant records, especially J. Quisto (Ottawa). Thanks also go to those people who collected specimens that are stored and were sequenced at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, including J. Sibbald (BC), A. Watson (New Horizons School, Ardrossan, Alberta), M. Gibbs (Chesterville Public School, Ontario), C. Huntley (Wellington Hall Academy, Guelph, Ontario) and T. Zemlak (University of Guelph) and especially to J. deWaard (University of Guelph) for permitting inclusion of these records. D. Smith (United States National Museum) reviewed the manuscript and provided extensive comments and additions, especially with respect to records from Alaska. Spencer Monckton (York University, Toronto) also provided useful comments during review and M. Prous (University of Oulu, Finland) reviewed and acted as associate editor for the manuscript and offered advice on the taxonomy of Nematinae. Finally, H. Savina (Toulouse) and T. Noblecourt (Laboratoire National d’Entomologie Forestière, Quillan, France) offered helpful assistance on sawflies recorded from Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

References

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Bennett AMR, Sheffield CS, deWaard JR (2019) Hymenoptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 311–360. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.28510

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