Checklist
Print
Checklist
Checklist of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea (Hymenoptera) of Canada, Alaska and Greenland
expand article infoJohn T. Huber, Andrew M. R. Bennett§, Gary A. P. Gibson|, Y. Miles Zhang, D. Christopher Darling#
‡ Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada
§ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| griculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
¶ University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
# Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
Open Access

Abstract

A checklist of 1246 extant, described species, classified in 346 genera in 18 families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) are reported from Canada, Alaska (USA) and Greenland (Denmark) based on examined specimens and published records up to December 31, 2020. Of the reported species, 1214 (in 345 genera in 18 families) are listed from Canada, 113 (in 58 genera in 10 families) from Alaska, and 26 (in 22 genera in 4 families) from Greenland. The list includes 235 new species records and 53 new generic records for Canada (no new family records). Forty-one new species records, 22 new generic records and the families Chalcididae and Eurytomidae are newly reported for Alaska. No new records were found for Greenland. Two species (in one genus) of Mymarommatoidea are reported from Canada. For each species in Canada, distribution is tabulated by province or territory, except the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into the island of Newfoundland and the region of Labrador. The inclusion of known species from Alaska and Greenland results in the first comprehensive distributional checklist for the entire northern part of the Nearctic region. A brief review of the history of cataloguing Chalcidoidea in North America and a comparison of this checklist with four published checklists from the Palaearctic region is provided.

Keywords

Microhymenoptera, Nearctic region, northern North America, species distributions

Introduction

The superfamily Chalcidoidea is one of the most diverse groups of organisms on the planet (Figs 213). More than 22,700 species are described (Huber 2017), but Heraty et al. (2013) estimated that there might be up to 500,000 species worldwide. Most chalcidoids, for which the biology is known, are parasitoids, having been reared from a wide variety (12 orders) of Insecta, and also 2 orders of Arachnida and the family Anguinidae (Nematoda) (Gibson 1993). A few are predators and some are phytophagous. For more comprehensive information on the biology of Chalcidoidea see, e.g., Clausen (1940), Askew (1971), Bendel-Janssen (1977), Gordh (1979a), Gauld and Bolton (1988), Hanson and Gauld (1995), Noyes (2019). In addition to Chalcidoidea, the small superfamily Mymarommatoidea is also included in this paper because it is generally considered to be the sister group to Chalcidoidea (Gibson et al. 2007; Huber et al. 2008; Heraty et al. 2013). The biology of Mymarommatoidea is unknown, except that one has been reared from a bracket fungus and most are collected in shady, moist areas such as deciduous forests (Huber et al. 2008).

The first published cataloguing efforts for Chalcidoidea of the Nearctic region began with Peck (1951), with supplements by Burks (1958, 1967b). Peck (1963) catalogued the literature for each species up to and including 1958. The families comprising the Chalcidoidea section in Krombein et al. (1979) were catalogued by B. Burks, G. Gordh, and E. Grissell, former chalcidologists at United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM), and included the relevant taxonomic literature to the end of 1972 or 1976 depending on the family. These catalogues also included species and records from Greenland. In his acclaimed Universal Chalcidoidea Database (UCD) for world Chalcidoidea, Noyes (2019) included the data from these previous catalogues. His database is now the only comprehensive compilation of taxonomic, biological, distributional and literature source information for world Chalcidoidea for the past 40–50 years, though it has not been updated since March 2019. Among other searches, it can be used to generate numbers and lists of Chalcidoidea names for any biogeographical region or country, and political subdivision within larger countries. Building on the information contained in the UCD, it is the purpose of this paper to provide the first checklist of the Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea of Canada, Alaska and Greenland incorporating previously published, substantiated records as well as new records based on authoritatively identified specimens.

Methods

Sources of data

All records are substantiated by evidence, either collection- or literature-based. The vast majority of records in this checklist are based on specimens in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa (CNC). Additional distributional records, for which specimens could not be examined, were obtained by mining previous literature. Because of the relatively poor knowledge of Chalcidoidea, regional collections were generally not consulted because of the immense amount of work required to identify and curate most specimens in these collections. However, a few records were based on examination of specimens (or their photographs) deposited in other collections, as follows: Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (PMAE: M. Buck); Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (ROM: C. Darling); Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (RSKM: C. Sheffield), University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (UAM: D. Sikes). Whereas most records are Canadian, records from Alaska (USA), Greenland (Denmark) and the 242 km2 French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon islands located 25 km from the southern coast of Newfoundland are also included so as to provide complete coverage of the northern part of the Nearctic region. Most of the Alaska species records (74 of 113) were based on specimens in collections (CNC and UAM). The remainder were literature records, primarily from the chapters in Krombein et al. (1979), which mostly catalogued specimens in the USNM. The Greenland records were taken almost exclusively from the relevant chapters in Böcher et al. (2015) with some records substantiated by specimens in the CNC. The single species recorded from Saint Pierre and Miquelon was obtained from the TAXREF database (Gargominy et al. 2020) managed by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, but specimens were not examined and this species is only discussed in the text, not included in Table 2. Because of relatively poor sampling of the chalcidoids of these last three regions, it is likely that the current survey is not as complete for them as it is for Canada. All records published up to December 31, 2020 were evaluated for the current checklist.

We exclude from the checklist the very few fossil species of Chalcidoidea described from Canadian Cretaceous amber; all are now classified in Mymaridae (Poinar and Huber 2011) and Rotoitidae (Gumovsky et al. 2018). Further, species introduced into Canada from other countries for biological control against introduced pests are included only if there is irrefutable evidence that they became established after release. Often, no follow up surveys were undertaken to determine if the species released had established and so their continued presence is unsubstantiated. Because there is no single compilation of intentionally released species, one must search for their names in the five volumes on biological control in Canada: McLeod et al. (1962), Kelleher et al. (1971), Kelleher and Hulme (1984), Mason and Huber (2002) and Mason and Gillespie (2012). At least 18 species are or were commercially produced in Canada (Mason and Huber 2002), 14 of which are included in the checklist. The other four species, Aphytis melinus DeBach, Eretmocerus californicus Howard, Metaphycus helvolus (Compere) and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja, occur in the southern states of USA or outside the Nearctic region on pests of crops not, or not extensively, grown commercially in Canada so are most unlikely to be found there. Some of the commercially produced species may establish more or less permanent populations in areas where they are released, often in large numbers at intervals (usually in greenhouses) or may occur naturally outside the facilities that produce them. We do not include any records in Table 2 that are solely known from websites such as iNaturalist, BugGuide or online databases of specimens in museums because for Chalcidoidea, examination of specimens with reference to authoritatively identified material is generally required. Finally, we only include described species, not undescribed taxa or specimens identified only to genus.

Presentation of data

Distributions of taxa are indicated using acronyms of 18, mostly political, regions of northern (mostly north of 45° latitude) North America. For practical purposes the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is divided into the island of Newfoundland and the region of Labrador on mainland Canada. The acronyms used for the regions are: CAN = Canada, AK = Alaska (USA), GL = Greenland, SPM = Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Within Canada, the regions are: AB = Alberta, BC = British Columbia, LB = Labrador, MB = Manitoba, NB = New Brunswick, NF = Newfoundland island, NS = Nova Scotia, NT = Northwest Territories, NU = Nunavut, ON = Ontario, PE = Prince Edward Island, QC = Quebec, SK = Saskatchewan, YT = Yukon Territory. All regions are shown in Fig. 1. The distributional data are presented in two ways. Table 1 is a summary of the numbers of described, recorded species of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea in Canada, Alaska and Greenland (not including Saint Pierre and Miquelon) totalled for each family for all 17 regions. Table 2 is the species checklist arranged alphabetically by family for the same 17 regions. It contains three types of distributional records: 1) a published record for which we have examined a specimen; 2) a new (unpublished) record for which we have examined a specimen; and 3) a published record for which we have not examined a specimen, but is well-substantiated (see Assessing credibility of records section in Bennett 2021a). The different types of records are indicated by different fonts and colours in Table 2 (see Table heading). The absence of a provincial or territorial acronym for a species recorded from Canada indicates that the taxon was recorded from Canada but no province was specified. Literature references (shown in the far right column of Table 2) are only noted for previously published records for which no specimens were examined. Authors’ names that have been spelled in different ways, such as with or without diacritic marks, are spelled in only one way for consistency, for example, Förster, not Foerster. Literature references for published records for which specimens were examined are not provided as this would dramatically increase the size of the study and make it practically impossible to present the distributional data in a table format. We do provide an extensive, but by no means comprehensive, list of references for higher taxa, e.g., revisions of genera and regional checklists, which are cited directly under the higher taxon names in Table 2. Our list is not a catalogue so synonyms and homonyms are generally excluded; these can be found in UCD. In addition to the published checklist, the data presented in Table 2 have been added to Canadensys (https://data.canadensys.net/ipt/resource?r=aafc-hymenoptera-canada-ak-gl) and are also registered on GBIF (Bennett 2021b).

Classification

The family classification in Chalcidoidea has been extremely volatile, varying from 1 to 23 recognized families (see Grissell and Schauff 1997), with changes even in the last few years and more changes likely in the future. We mainly follow the family classification in Heraty et al. (2013) in which 22 families were recognized, except we also recognize the family Megastigmidae, which was raised from subfamily status within Torymidae by Janšta et al. (2018). Five extant families, the Agaonidae, Cynipencyrtidae, Eriaporidae, Rotoitidae, and Tanaostigmatidae do not occur in northern North America. Species of Agaonidae are associated exclusively with figs (Ficus spp.), which do not naturally occur in Canada, Cynipencyrtidae consists of one genus and species in Asia, Eriaporidae occur only in the Old World, the two described species of Rotoitidae occur only in Chile and New Zealand, and species of Tanaostigmatidae occur in the New World only as far north as the southern states of USA.

Results and discussion

A total of 1246 described, extant species of Chalcidoidea in 346 genera in 18 families are listed for Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Tables 1 and 2). Of these, 1214 species, classified in 345 genera in 18 families, are listed from Canada. To place the current number of species in perspective, it represents a 149% increase from the 500 species reported in Danks (1979). In terms of relative species richness within Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea species comprise 13.5% of the 9250 species recorded in northern North America and 13.6% of the 8933 recorded in Canada (Bennett 2021a). Yet in comparison to other areas of the world the number of Chalcidoidea is relatively low. Gijswijt (2003) recorded 1085 species of Chalcidoidea for The Netherlands, Weber et al. (2018) 1964 species (and likely about 380 more) for Germany, Dale-Skey et al. (2016) 1754 species for Great Britain and Ireland, and Belokobylskij et al. (2019) 2307 species for Russia, other countries that have recently published checklists for Chalcidoidea. Britain and Ireland together (313,100 km2) are only about 3.2% the size of Canada (9.985 million km2), but despite this, the 1754 species recorded from there is almost 1.5 times greater than all the species we record from Canada. Canada and Russia have a much greater variety of ecozones and habitats than does Britain and Ireland, which have little or no tundra, temperate rain forest, grassland or semi-desert. While the colder climate over much of Canada contributes to the apparently depauperate fauna this is not the main reason. Lack of collecting as well as lack of study of what has been collected, in groups other than those of research interest to the few taxonomists who study Chalcidoidea in Canada, is probably the main factor contributing to poor knowledge of species and their distributions.

Table 1.

Described, recorded species of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea in Canada, Alaska and Greenland totalled for each taxon and in each region. See Methods for acronyms used for the regions and Fig. 1 for their locations. Regions are arranged generally north to south and west to east.

Taxon CAN+ AK+GL CAN(New) AK YT NT NU BC AB SK GL GL QC NB PE NS LB NF GL
Aphelinidae 38 38 (12) 0 0 0 0 11 9 6 5 27 20 8 1 8 0 1 0
Azotidae 1 1 (0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chalcididae 39 39 (7) 3 2 1 0 13 9 14 16 29 17 5 1 2 0 1 0
Encyrtidae 110 100 (23) 4 2 3 1 33 23 16 14 69 35 23 5 22 1 5 10
Eucharitidae 8 8 (0) 1 1 1 0 4 7 3 2 6 3 3 2 1 0 0 0
Eulophidae 379 374 (62) 43 23 34 2 133 108 61 87 285 191 107 18 89 5 28 6
Eupelmidae 28 28 (7) 0 0 0 0 8 6 3 4 20 8 4 3 3 0 0 0
Eurytomidae 87 87 (15) 4 5 3 0 35 27 21 20 65 44 9 8 11 2 0 0
Leucospidae 1 1 (0) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Megastigmidae 21 21 (5) 3 2 2 1 11 5 3 4 12 10 3 2 3 2 3 0
Mymaridae 96 94 (7) 12 5 8 0 29 19 4 9 67 46 10 10 18 0 1 1
Ormyridae 9 9 (3) 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 7 4 2 0 3 0 0 0
Perilampidae 20 20 (6) 0 2 0 0 8 9 8 3 14 13 5 4 5 0 0 0
Pteromalidae 309 295 (71) 36 22 20 3 111 98 57 58 186 136 64 21 49 3 16 9
Signiphoridae 1 1 (0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tetracampidae 4 4 (0) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0
Torymidae 60 59 (17) 3 3 3 0 28 20 9 14 41 22 8 2 5 0 1 0
Trichogrammatidae 35 35 (0) 4 2 2 0 13 11 1 6 17 13 4 1 3 0 0 0
CHALCIDOIDEA 1246 1214 (235) 113 69 78 7 440 355 207 245 852 566 257 79 223 13 56 26
MYMAROMMATOIDEA 2 2(0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Based on sequencing of the DNA barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and using the Barcode Index Number (BIN) criterion of Ratnasingham and Hebert (2013) that 2% sequence divergence is indicative of species differences, Bennett et al. (2019) estimated that there are 3301 species of Chalcidoidea from Canada in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) database (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). This represents 2.7 times the number of recorded named species of Chalcidoidea in Canada. These BINs have not yet been reconciled against the names in the checklist so the percent congruence is unknown, but it illustrates that there are many unrecorded species. The comparison of COI sequences from unidentified specimens against those of named species in such databases as BOLD will certainly help to reveal yet more species to add to the checklist, e.g., Anastatus reduvii (Howard) (Eupelmidae), a recent, accidentally introduced parasitoid of the major pest Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (Gariepy and Talamas 2019).

Compared to Canada, the number of species of Chalcidoidea recorded from Alaska and Greenland is far lower (113 species in 58 genera in 10 families from Alaska and 26 described species in 22 genera in 4 families from Greenland) (Tables 1, 2). The summary of the entomofauna of Greenland (Böcher et al. 2015) included records from six chalcidoid families, but specimens of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae were only identified to genus, and so are not included in our checklist. Relative to Canada, the smaller land masses and more northerly latitudes of Alaska and Greenland definitely contribute to lower species richness, but it is also probable that the numbers are lower than expected because of relatively poor sampling in Alaska and Greenland (as well as in the three Canadian territories, NT, NU and YT). In addition, one species of Chalcidoidea, Pteromalus elevatus (Walker, 1834) (Pteromalidae) has been recorded from the French Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Islands (Gargominy et al. 2020). This record is derived from an online database and specimens have not been examined, but this species has been recorded previously from NB, NS and NL (Hoebeke and Wheeler 1996).

Table 2.

Checklist of species of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. See Methods for acronyms used for the regions. Distributional acronyms in black regular font are previously published and supported by an examined specimen. Red, boldface records are new (unpublished) records supported by an examined specimen. All specimens supporting boldfaced records are deposited in the CNC except if a depository acronym is noted in the far right column. Blue, italicized records are previously published but not validated by an examined specimen. Literature references are only noted for italicized records. For species with multiple italicized records based on multiple references, the references are listed in order from left to right, corresponding with the distributional records depicted from left to right, unless otherwise noted. An asterisk (*) denotes a record from Newfoundland for which it is uncertain whether it was from the island of Newfoundland or mainland Labrador.

ORDER HYMENOPTERA
SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA
World families key – Gibson 1993; Nearctic families key – Grissell and Schauff 1997; Canadian families keys – Yoshimoto 1984; Nearctic generic keys – Gibson et al. 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Peck 1963, Burks 1979ai, Gordh 1979a, Grissell 1979; Greenland fauna – Böcher et al. 2015.
FAMILY APHELINIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Woolley 1997a; Nearctic catalogue – Gordh 1979b (as part of Encyrtidae)
SUBFAMILY APHELININAE
Genus Aphelinus Dalman, 1820
Partial revision – Shirley et al. 2017
A. abdominalis (Dalman, 1820) CAN ON NS
A. annulipes (Walker, 1851) CAN BC
A. asychis Walker, 1839 CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
A. chaonia Walker, 1839 CAN ON NB NS
A. daucicola Kurdjumov, 1913 CAN BC AB ON QC
A. gossypii Timberlake, 1924 CAN QC NB
A. howardii Dalla Torre, 1898 CAN BC AB
A. jucundus Gahan, 1924 CAN ON QC Gordh 1979b
A. mali (Haldeman, 1851) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
A. marlatti (Ashmead, 1888) CAN ON
A. niger Girault, 1913 CAN ON
A. perpallidus Gahan, 1924 CAN ON QC Gordh 1979b
A. prociphili Carver, 1980 CAN ON QC
A. sanborniae Gahan, 1924 CAN AB ON QC
A. semiflavus Howard, 1908 CAN MB ON NS Richardson and Westdal 1965; MacKauer and Bisdee 1965
A. varipes (Förster, 1840) CAN BC AB SK ON QC
Genus Aphytis Howard, 1900
World revision – Rosen and DeBach 1979
A. diaspidis (Howard, 1881) CAN ON QC Jarvis 1908; Burden and Hart 1994
A. mytilaspidis (Le Baron, 1870) CAN BC ON QC NB NS Burden and Hart 1994; Peck 1963
A. proclia (Walker, 1839) CAN NB
Genus Marietta Motschulsky, 1863
World key – Hayat 1986
M. mexicana (Howard, 1895) CAN QC Martel and Sharma 1968
M. picta (Andre, 1878) CAN Hayat 1986
M. pulchella (Howard, 1881) CAN BC SK ON QC Peck 1963; Burden and Hart 1994
SUBFAMILY COCCOPHAGINAE
Genus Coccobius Ratzeburg, 1852
C. varicornis (Howard, 1881) CAN SK ON QC Cumming 1953; Jarvis 1911
Genus Coccophagus Westwood, 1833
World revision – Compere 1931
C. brunneus Provancher, 1887 CAN QC Gahan and Rohwer 1917
C. cinguliventris Girault, 1909 CAN QC
C. fletcheri Howard, 1897 CAN ON Howard 1897
C. gossypariae Gahan, 1927 CAN BC AB ON NB Mader et al. 2020
C. lycimnia (Walker, 1839) CAN BC AB ON QC NS
C. perflavus Girault, 1916 CAN ON QC Beaulne 1949
C. quaestor Girault, 1917 CAN MB ON Girault 1917
C. scutellaris (Dalman, 1826) CAN BC
Genus Encarsia Förster, 1878
E. aurantii (Howard, 1894) CAN QC Girault 1912a
E. citrina (Craw, 1891) CAN Thompson 1953
E. formosa Gahan, 1924 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NF AB,SK,MB,QC, NB,PE,NS-Baird 1938; NF-Baird 1940
E. gennaroi Pedata & Giorgini, 2017 CAN ON
E. lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli, 1916) CAN ON Baird 1947
E. perniciosi (Tower, 1913) CAN ON Caesar 1915
SUBFAMILY ERETMOCERINAE
Genus Eretmocerus Haldeman, 1850
E. eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich, 1997 CAN ON
FAMILY AZOTIDAE
Nearctic catalogue – Gordh 1979b (as part of Encyrtidae)
Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894
A. clisiocampae (Ashmead, 1894) CAN ON Jarvis 1908
FAMILY CHALCIDIDAE
Subfamily classification, phylogeny – Cruaud et al. 2021; Nearctic generic key – Bouček and Halstead 1997; New World generic revision – Bouček 1992; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979a
SUBFAMILY BRACHYMERIINAE
Genus Brachymeria Westwood, 1829
Nearctic revision – Burks 1960
B. aeca Burks, 1960 CAN BC SK MB ON QC NS
B. compsilurae (Crawford, 1911) CAN BC MB ON
B. ovata (Say, 1824) CAN ON QC Peck 1951
B. parvula (Walker, 1834) CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON AK-UAM
B. podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) CAN AB
B. tegularis (Cresson, 1872) CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC AK-UAM
B. tibialis (Walker, 1834) CAN QC Madrid and Stewart 1980
B. truncatella Burks, 1967 CAN SK
SUBFAMILY CRATOCENTRINAE
Genus Acanthochalcis Cameron, 1884
Nearctic key – Halstead 1990c
A. nigricans Cameron, 1884 CAN ON
SUBFAMILY CHALCIDINAE
New World revision – Burks 1940, Delvare 1992;
Genus Chalcis Fabricius, 1787
Nearctic revision – Burks 1940; New World checklist – Delvare 1992
C. canadensis (Cresson, 1872) CAN MB ON QC NB Cresson 1872
C. divisa (Walker, 1862) CAN ON
C. flebilis (Cresson, 1872) CAN ON QC Cresson 1872
C. microgaster Say, 1824 CAN MB ON QC
C. neptis Burks, 1940 CAN SK MB
C. phoenicapoda Burks, 1940 CAN Peck 1951
Genus Conura Spinola, 1837
Nearctic revision (as Ceratosmicra, Spilochalcis) – Burks 1940
C. albifrons (Walsh, 1861) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS AK-UAM
C. arcana (Cresson, 1872) CAN AB MB ON
C. debilis (Say, 1836) CAN BC SK MB ON
C. delumbis (Cresson, 1872) CAN MB ON QC Burks 1979a
C. igneoides (Kirby, 1883) CAN AB ON
C. juxta (Cresson, 1872) CAN ON QC
C. leptis (Burks, 1940) CAN BC
C. maria (Riley, 1870) CAN ON
C. melana (Burks, 1940) CAN ON
C. meteori (Burks, 1940) CAN NF Halstead 1986
C. side (Walker, 1843) CAN BC SK ON QC Burks 1940
C. torvina (Cresson, 1872) CAN BC AB SK ON
C. xanthostigma (Dalman, 1820) CAN ON Graham 1944
SUBFAMILY HALTICHELLINAE
Genus Haltichella Spinola, 1811
Nearctic review – Halstead 1990a
H. xanticles (Walker, 1843) CAN SK ON QC Burks 1979a
Genus Hockeria Walker, 1834
Nearctic revision – Halstead 1990b
H. bicolor Halstead, 1990 CAN ON Halstead 1990b
H. eriensis (Wallace, 1942) CAN AB SK PMAE; RSKM
H. micra Halstead, 1990 CAN AB PMAE
H. unipunctatipennis (Girault, 1918) CAN ON QC
Genus Psilochalcis Kieffer, 1905
P. usta (Grissell & Schauff, 1981) CAN BC SK ON
SUBFAMILY PHASGONOPHORINAE
Genus Phasgonophora Westwood, 1832
P. sulcata Westwood, 1832 CAN BC MB ON QC NB
Genus Trigonura Sichel, 1866
Nearctic key – Burks 1959
T. elegans (Provancher, 1887) CAN BC MB ON QC
T. pini Burks, 1959 CAN YT BC MB
T. tarsata (Dalla Torre, 1898) CAN SK MB ON QC NB Burks 1979a
T. ulmi Burks, 1959 CAN SK MB ON QC NB
FAMILY ENCYRTIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Noyes et al. 1997; Nearctic review – Noyes and Woolley 1994; world review (biocontrol) – Noyes and Hayat 1994; Nearctic catalogue – Gordh 1979b; Nearctic review of genera and keys – Trjapitzin and Gordh 1978a, 1978b, Gordh and Trjapitzin 1981
SUBFAMILY ENCYRTINAE
Genus Acerophagus Smith, 1880
Nearctic Revision and keys – Rosen (1969)
A. angelicus (Howard, 1898) CAN QC Peck 1963
A. malinus (Gahan, 1946) CAN ON Boyce 1948
Genus Adelencyrtus Ashmead, 1900
A. intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832) CAN BC Gahan 1924
Genus Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 1857
A. bicoloripes (Girault, 1915) CAN ON NS
A. fuscicollis (Dalman, 1820) CAN BC ON
A. scutellatus (Miller, 1961) CAN ON NS
A. testaceipes (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN ON Wang and Laing 1989
Genus Aphycoides Mercet, 1921
A. clavellatus Dalman, 1820 CAN Trjapitzin 1989
Genus Apsilophrys De Santis, 1964
A. vaga (Howard, 1885) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB Peck 1963
Genus Blastothrix Mayr, 1876
Nearctic review – Sugonjaev 1983
B. brittanica Girault, 1917 CAN BC Sugonjaev 1983
B. longipennis Howard, 1881 CAN ON QC Noyes 2004
B. sericea (Dalman, 1820) CAN BC SK ON QC NB NS
Genus Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, 1844
B. nigripes Howard, 1895 CAN BC AB
B. noveboracensis Howard, 1895 CAN BC ON NB NS
Genus Casus Noyes & Woolley, 1994
C. parma Noyes & Woolley, 1994 CAN ON Noyes and Woolley 1994
Genus Cerchysius Westwood, 1832
C. pallipes (Provancher, 1887) CAN ON
Genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833
World revision – Guerrieri and Viggiani 2005
C. alaskae Trjapitzin & Triapitsyn, 2008 AK Trjapitzin and Triapitsyn 2008
C. albicornis Howard, 1881 CAN MB ON
C. elegans (Dalman, 1820) CAN ON PE Gahan 1933
C. swezeyi Ashmead, 1903 CAN ON Guerrieri and Viggiani 2005
Genus Coelopencyrtus Timberlake, 1919
C. hylaeoleter Burks, 1958 CAN ON Gordh 1979b
Genus Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 1844
European revision – Guerrieri and Noyes 2005
C. albipes (Westwood, 1837) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB
C. bakeri (Howard, 1898) CAN AB SK MB ON NB King and Atkinson 1928; Wood and Neilson 1957
C. bucculatricis (Howard, 1892) CAN ON QC NB PE
C. celaenae Howard, 1885 CAN YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
C. cervius (Walker, 1846) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NF
C. chalconotum (Dalman, 1820) CAN AK BC AB QC NS
C. cuproviride Springate & Noyes, 1990 CAN BC ON NS
C. deceptor Miller, 1958 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF
C. filicorne (Dalman, 1820) CAN AB ON NB
C. floridanum (Ashmead, 1900) CAN AK YT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
C. gelechiae Howard, 1885 CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
C. howardi Zolnerowich & Zuparko, 2011 CAN BC NB Zolnerowich and Zuparko 2011
C. lymani Howard, 1907 CAN ON
C. melanocerum (Ashmead, 1900) CAN ON QC NB
C. pyralidis (Ashmead, 1888) CAN BC ON QC NB
C. truncatellum (Dalman, 1820) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS LB NF Wood 1951
Genus Encyrtus Latreille, 1809
Holarctic review – Sugonjaev and Gordh 1982
E. aurantii (Geoffroy, 1785) CAN ON Jarvis 1911
E. fuscus (Howard, 1881) CAN BC SK ON QC NS
E. infidus (Rossi, 1790) CAN MB ON QC
Genus Epitetracnemus Girault, 1915
E. intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832) CAN BC ON QC NS
Genus Gahaniella Timberlake, 1926
G. incerta (Howard, 1881) CAN ON QC
Genus Ginsiana Erdös & Novicky, 1955
G. richardsi (Barron, 1970) CAN ON
Genus Habrolepis Förster, 1856
H. dalmanni (Westwood, 1837) CAN ON
Genus Homalotylus Mayr, 1876
Nearctic revision – Timberlake 1920
H. hemipterinus (De Stefani, 1898) CAN ON QC
H. terminalis (Say, 1829) CAN BC
Genus Isodromus Howard, 1887
Nearctic revision – Timberlake 1920
I. atriventris Ashmead, 1900 CAN ON Ashmead 1900
I. iceryae Howard, 1887 CAN QC
I. niger Ashmead, 1900 CAN ON
I. puncticeps (Howard, 1885) CAN NS
I. vinulus (Dalman, 1820) CAN PE
Genus Ixodiphagus Howard, 1907
I. hookeri (Howard, 1908) CAN BC Peck 1963
I. texanus Howard, 1907 CAN NS
Genus Lamennaisia Girault, 1922
L. ambigua (Nees, 1834) CAN SK
Genus Merlen Noyes & Woolley, 1994
M. agricola Noyes & Woolley, 1994 CAN ON QC
Genus Metablastothrix Sugonjaev, 1964
M. claripennis (Compere, 1928) CAN BC SK MB ON
Genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917
M. annulipes (Ashmead, 1882) CAN ON Fletcher 1902
M. ater (Mercet, 1925) GL Noyes 2015
M. groenlandicus Buhl, 1997 GL Buhl 1997
M. johnsoni (Howard, 1898) CAN ON QC Beaulne 1949
M. kincaidi Timberlake, 1929 CAN BC
M. maculipes (Howard, 1885) CAN ON
M. pulchellus (Howard, 1898) CAN ON Jarvis 1911
M. pulvinariae (Howard, 1881) CAN ON
M. rileyi (Timberlake, 1916) CAN ON Timberlake 1916
M. stanleyi Compere, 1940 CAN BC McLeod 1951
Genus Microterys Thomson, 1876
M. curio Trjapitzin, 1966 GL Noyes 2015
M. cyanocephalus (Dalman, 1820) CAN ON Jarvis 1911
M. fuscicornis (Howard, 1885) CAN SK MB ON
M. interpunctus (Dalman, 1820) GL
M. nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859) CAN ON Howard 1897
M. physokermis Compere, 1926 CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB PE
M. sylvius (Dalman, 1820) CAN Ashmead 1900
Genus Ooencyrtus Ashmead, 1900
O. bucculatrix (Howard, 1883) CAN ON Brodie 1909
O. clisiocampae (Ashmead, 1893) CAN BC AB ON
O. kuvanae (Howard, 1910) CAN ON
Genus Prionomitus Mayr, 1876
P. mitratus (Dalman, 1820) CAN BC ON
Genus Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, 1900
P. bolus (Walker, 1844) CAN ON Walker 1844
P. cecidomyiae (Howard, 1885) CAN NT MB ON QC Gordh 1979b
Genus Pseudococcobius Timberlake, 1916
P. obenbergeri (Novickij, 1926) GL Noyes 2015
Genus Pseudorhopus Timberlake, 1926
P. fuscus (Girault, 1912) CAN ON QC NB Peck 1951
Genus Psyllaephagus Ashmead, 1990
P. trioziphagus (Howard, 1885) CAN AB
Genus Stemmatosteres (Timberlake, 1918)
S. apterus Timberlake, 1918 GL Noyes 2015
S. kuchari Yoshimoto, 1972 CAN AB
Genus Syrphophagus Ashmead, 1900
S. quadrimaculatae (Ashmead, 1881) CAN NB NS
S. smithi Kamal, 1926 CAN BC
Genus Tachinaephagus Ashmead, 1904
T. zealandicus Ashmead, 1904 CAN AB
Genus Tetracyclos Kryger, 1942
T. boreios Kryger, 1942 CAN NU GL
Genus Thomsonisca Ghesquière, 1946
T. amathus (Walker, 1838) GL Buhl 1997
Genus Trechnites Thomson, 1876
T. insidiosus (Crawford, 1910) CAN BC ON NS
Genus Trichomasthus Thomson, 1876
T. marsus (Walker, 1837) GL Noyes 2015
Genus Zaomma Ashmead, 1900
Key – Gordh and Trjapitzin 1979
Z. lambinus (Walker, 1838) CAN ON QC NB PE NS Lord and MacPhee 1953
SUBFAMILY TETRACNEMINAE
Genus Anagyrus Howard, 1896
A. antoninae Timberlake, 1920 CAN NT
A. aper Noyes & Menezes, 2000 CAN ON Noyes 2000
A. argyrus (Burks, 1952) CAN QC Burks 1952
A. pulcher (Ashmead, 1888) CAN AB
Genus Anusia Förster, 1856
A. nasicornis Förster, 1860 CAN ON
Genus Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, 1889
C. splendens (Howard, 1888) CAN ON QC Baird 1940
Genus Clausenia Ishii, 1923
C. purpurea Ishii, 1923 CAN ON
Genus Ectromatopsis Compere, 1947
E. americana (Howard, 1898) CAN BC
Genus Epanusia Girault, 1913
E. xerophila (Brues, 1906) CAN ON
Genus Leptomastidea Mercet, 1926
L. abnormis (Girault, 1915) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS NF AB,SK,NS-Baird 1939; BC,QC,NB-Baird 1941; NF-Peck 1963
Genus Leptomastix Förster, 1856
L. dactylopii Howard, 1885 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS NF AB,SK,ON,NS-Baird 1939; BC,QC,NB-Baird 1941; NF-Peck 1963
Genus Mira Schellenberg, 1803
M. mucora Schellenberg, 1803 CAN NS
Genus Pseudoleptomastix Girault, 1915
P. squammulatus Girault, 1917 CAN AB Noyes 2000
Genus Rhopus Förster, 1856
R. sulphureus (Westwood, 1837) GL Noyes 2015
Genus Tetracnemoidea Howard, 1898
T. westwoodi (Cockerell, 1898) CAN QC Gordh 1979b
Genus Zaplatycerus Timberlake, 1925
Z. gela (Noyes & Woolley, 1994) CAN QC
Genus Zarhopalus Ashmead, 1900
Z. corvinus (Girault, 1915) CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS Baird 1941
Z. sheldoni Ashmead, 1900 CAN AB MB ON QC AB,MB-Noyes and Hayat 1994; QC-Baird 1946
FAMILY EUCHARITIDAE
World generic revision – Heraty 2002; Nearctic generic key – Heraty 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979b
SUBFAMILY EUCHARITINAE
Nearctic revision – Heraty 1985
Genus Pseudochalcura Ashmead, 1904
New World revision – Heraty 1986
P. gibbosa (Provancher, 1881) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB
Genus Pseudometagea Ashmead, 1899
P. bakeri Burks, 1961 CAN BC AB SK
P. barberi Heraty, 1985 CAN ON
P. montana (Ashmead, 1890) CAN AB SK ON QC NB PE NS Heraty 1985
P. nefrens Heraty, 1985 CAN AB ON
P. occipitalis Heraty, 1985 CAN BC AB Heraty 1985
P. schwarzii (Ashmead, 1892) CAN AB ON QC NB PE
SUBFAMILY ORASEMINAE
Genus Orasema Cameron, 1884
Revision – Baker and Heraty 2020
O. coloradensis Wheeler, 1907 CAN BC AB MB ON Baker and Heraty 2020
FAMILY EULOPHIDAE
Phylogenomics – Rasplus et al. 2020; Nearctic generic review – Schauff et al. 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979c
SUBFAMILY ENTEDONINAE
Genus Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913
Nearctic revision – Yoshimoto 1977
A. albus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON NS
A. arienascapus (Miller, 1962) CAN ON QC
A. bipunctatus (Girault, 1916) CAN SK ON QC
A. bisulcus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON QC
A. cariocus (Miller, 1962) CAN ON QC
A. clypeatus (Miller, 1962) CAN ON QC
A. gahani (Miller, 1962) CAN ON QC
A. guizoti Girault, 1917 CAN ON
A. hirtiscapus (Miller, 1962) CAN ON
A. intricatus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON QC
A. mali Kamijo, 1991 CAN NS
A. reticulatus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON QC
A. tetrapunctatus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON
A. titiani Girault, 1916 CAN ON NS
A. yoshimotoi Kamijo, 1991 CAN ON QC
A. zwoelferi (Delucchi, 1954) CAN BC
Genus Asecodes Förster, 1856
A. congruens (Nees, 1834) CAN BC ON
A. erxias (Walker, 1848) CAN BC
A. lucens (Nees, 1834) CAN NT SK ON QC NB NS
A. politum (Hansson, 1994) CAN ON
Genus Ceranisus Walker, 1842
Nearctic review – Triapitsyn and Morse 2005
C. americensis (Girault, 1917) CAN BC AB ON
C. loomansi Triapitsyn & Headrick, 1995 CAN BC AB SK MB ON NB PE
C. menes (Walker, 1939) CAN BC ON
C. planitianus Erdös, 1966 CAN NT Triapitsyn and Morse 2005
C. russelli (Crawford, 1911) CAN ON QC Triapitsyn and Morse 2005
Genus Chrysocharis Förster, 1856
New World/Nearctic revisions – Hansson 1987, 1995b, respectively; Palaearctic revision – Hansson 1985; Nearctic review Chrysocharis (Kratochviliana), Nearctic revision Chrysocharis s str – Yoshimoto 1973a, 1973b, respectively
C. acoris (Walker, 1839) CAN AK ON
C. acutigaster Hansson, 1985 CAN MB ON QC NB Hansson 1987
C. ainsliei Crawford, 1912 CAN AK YT BC AB SK ON QC NB NS Hansson 1987
C. aluta Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN NT ON QC
C. amasis (Walker, 1839) CAN NS Hansson 1987
C. amyite (Walker, 1839) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB QC NF* Hansson 1987
C. assis (Walker, 1839) CAN YT AB SK ON QC NB NS NF* Hansson 1987
C. avia Hansson, 1985 CAN NT ON
C. beckeri Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN ON QC NB
C. cerodonthae Hansson, 1987 CAN AB ON QC
C. chromatomyiae Hansson, 1987 CAN BC AB ON QC NB
C. clarkae Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN AK YT NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NS
C. collaris Graham, 1963 CAN QC
C. compressicornis Ashmead, 1895 CAN BC ON QC NB
C. coptodiscae Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN BC SK MB ON QC NB NS NF* Hansson 1987
C. cornigera Hansson, 1995 CAN AB
C. crassiscapus (Thomson, 1878) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS Hansson 1987
C. elongata (Thomson, 1878) CAN AK YT NT BC AB MB ON QC
C. entedonoides (Walker, 1972) CAN YT Hansson 1987
C. frigida Baur & Hansson, 1997 CAN QC
C. fulviscapus Hansson, 1987 CAN ON
C. gemma (Walker, 1839) CAN BC ON
C. giraulti Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN AK BC AB MB ON QC NB NS Hansson 1987; Yoshimoto 1973b
C. griffithsi Hansson, 1987 CAN YT BC AB ON Hansson 1987
C. ignota Hansson, 1987 CAN AB ON
C. illustris Graham, 1963 CAN BC
C. laomedon (Walker, 1839) CAN BC ON QC NS
C. laricinellae (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN AK BC AB MB ON QC NB PE NS NF Yoshimoto 1973a
C. liriomyzae Delucchi, 1954 CAN ON PE Heimpel and Meloche 2001
C. longicoxa Hansson, 1987 CAN AK YT NT BC AB Hansson 1987
C. longigaster Hansson, 1987 CAN ON
C. mediana Förster, 1861 CAN AK MB ON QC NB
C. minuta (Hansson, 1986) CAN BC
C. nephereus (Walker, 1839) CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
C. nitetis (Walker, 1839) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS NF* AB,SK,NS-Yoshimoto 1973a; NB,NF-Hansson 1987
C. occidentalis (Girault, 1916) CAN MB ON QC NB NS NF Hansson 1987
C. oscinidis Ashmead, 1888 CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
C. pallipes (Nees, 1834) CAN AK BC AB ON QC Hansson 1987
C. paradoxa Hansson, 1985 CAN ON
C. pentheus (Walker, 1839) CAN AK BC SK MB ON QC NB
C. phytomyzivora Hansson, 1987 CAN AK AB Hansson 1987
C. pilosa Delucchi, 1954 CAN BC
C. polita (Howard, 1897) CAN BC AB ON QC NS NF* Hansson 1987
C. polyzo (Walker, 1839) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS LB NF Hansson 1987
C. prodice (Walker, 1839) CAN YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NF* Hansson 1987
C. pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN NT BC AB MB ON QC NS GL AB-Hansson 1987; BC,QC-Yoshimoto 1973b; GL-Baur 2005
C. robusta Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN BC AB
C. subcircularis Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN ON
C. submutica Graham, 1963 CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS
C. tristis Hansson, 1987 CAN BC AB ON
C. viridis (Nees, 1934) CAN AK YT NT BC AB MB ON QC NS NF* Hansson 1987
C. walleyi Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN BC ON QC NS
Genus Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 1904
C. albipes (Girault & Dodd, 1913) CAN AB
C. maculata (Delucchi, 1962) CAN ON
Genus Closterocerus Westwood, 1833
Nearctic revision – Hansson 1994
C. agromyzae Narayanan, Subba Rao & Ramachandra, 1960 CAN BC AB MB ON PE
C. cincinnatus Girault, 1916 CAN ON
C. cinctipennis Ashmead, 1888 CAN ON QC NB NS
C. damastes Walker, 1847 CAN ON
C. nius Hansson, 1994 CAN QC
C. ruforum (Krausse, 1917) CAN ON QC NB Baird 1938
C. solidaginis (Yoshimoto, 1980) CAN ON
C. trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 CAN NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NS Digweed 1998
C. utahensis Crawford, 1912 CAN ON
C. vesiculis (Moser, 1965) CAN ON QC NS Hansson 1994
Genus Derostenus Westwood, 1833
D. freemani Yoshimoto, 1973 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NS
Genus Emersonella Girault, 1916
E. lemae Girault, 1916 CAN Thompson 1955
E. niveipes Girault, 1917 CAN ON
Genus Entedon Dalman, 1820
Nearctic revision – Schauff 1988
E. anthonomi Schauff, 1988 CAN ON NB
E. bigeloviae Ashmead, 1894 CAN BC
E. columbianus Ashmead, 1888 CAN NT AB SK MB ON QC
E. darleneae Schauff, 1988 CAN AK NT AB SK MB
E. ergias Walker, 1839 CAN ON QC NS Schauff 1988
E. genei Schauff, 1988 CAN NB Schauff 1988
E. methion Walker, 1839 CAN BC
E. nearcticus Özdikmen, 2011 CAN ON QC Schauff 1988
E. occidentalis Girault, 1916 CAN BC AB
E. pecki Schauff, 1988 CAN ON
E. tachypterelli Gahan, 1931 CAN ON Schauff 1988
E. teedoe Schauff, 1988 CAN ON
Genus Entedonomphale Girault, 1915
E. carbonaria (Erdös, 1954) CAN ON QC
Genus Holarcticesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010
Holarctic review – Hansson 1988 (as Grahamia Erdös)
H. clinius (Walker,1839) CAN BC ON NB
H. tatrica (Erdös, 1966) CAN NS Hansson 1988
Genus Horismenus Walker, 1843
H. fraternus (Fitch, 1856) CAN ON QC
H. latrodecti Burks, 1971 CAN QC
H. lixivorus Crawford, 1907 CAN ON
H. puttleri (Grissell, 1981) CAN ON NB Sears and Boiteau 1989
Genus Ionympha Graham, 1959
New World revision – Hansson 1989; status of genus – Hansson 1996c
I. carne (Walker, 1839) CAN SK ON Hansson 1989
I. ochus (Walker, 1839) CAN BC QC NS
Genus Mestocharis Förster, 1878
Holarctic revision – Hansson 1988
M. bimacularis (Dalman, 1820) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NS NF* Hansson 1988
M. tropicalis Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN ON
Genus Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912
Nearctic revision – Hansson 1995a
N. agromyzae (Crawford,1913) CAN BC AB MB ON QC PE Hansson 1995a
N. aratus (Walker, 1838) CAN AB ON
N. arizonensis (Crawford, 1913) CAN BC
N. clavatus (Hansson, 1995) CAN AB
N. cyaneoviridis Hansson,1995 CAN ON
N. diastatae (Howard, 1881) CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS GL Hansson 1995a; Baur 2005
N. elongatus Hansson, 1995 CAN BC ON
N. formosus (Westwood, 1833) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS
N. marginalis Hansson, 1995 CAN AB SK ON PE
N. pictipes (Crawford, 1912) CAN AB ON Hansson 1995a
Genus Omphale Haliday, 1833
New World revision – Hansson 1996a
O. acamas (Walker, 1839) CAN BC AB ON
O. acuminaticornis (Girault, 1916) CAN ON
O. acuminativentris (Girault, 1917) CAN ON QC NB NS Hansson 1996a
O. aureopurpurea Hansson, 1996 CAN NT MB
O. bicincta Ashmead, 1888 CAN ON QC
O. brevicornis Hansson, 1996 CAN ON
O. clypealba Hansson, 1996 CAN ON
O. deplanata Hansson, 1996 CAN QC
O. divina (Girault, 1916) CAN ON
O. elevata Hansson, 1996 CAN MB
O. erginnus (Walker, 1839) CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
O. flavicephala Hansson, 1996 CAN ON
O. flavifacies Hansson, 1996 CAN ON
O. gracilicornis (Hansson, 1987) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB
O. huggerti (Hansson, 1988) CAN ON
O. longiseta Hansson, 1996 CAN QC
O. marginalis Hansson, 1996 CAN MB ON QC
O. marylandensis (Girault, 1916) CAN AK MB ON QC NB NS Hansson 1996a
O. obscurinotata (Girault, 1916) CAN MB ON QC NS
O. ocelliparva Hansson, 1996 CAN ON QC
O. oculiparva Hansson, 1996 CAN BC MB ON QC
O. pedicellata Hansson, 1996 CAN ON QC
O. pilosa Hansson, 1996 CAN ON
O. purpurea Hansson, 1996 CAN ON QC NB
O. salicis (Haliday, 1833) CAN AB SK ON QC NB Hansson 1996a
O. scutellata (Girault, 1916) CAN MB ON QC
O. semiglobosa Hansson, 1996 CAN ON Hansson 1996a
O. straminea Hansson, 1996 CAN MB ON
O. theana (Walker, 1839) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB PE NS
O. triclava Hansson, 1996 CAN ON QC Hansson 1996a
O. varia (Hansson, 1987) CAN ON QC
O. versicolor (Nees, 1834) CAN NT BC AB ON
O. vinacea Hansson, 1996 CAN QC
O. vulgaris Hansson, 1996 CAN MB ON QC NB NS
Genus Paracrias Ashmead, 1904
Review – Gumovsky 2001
P. arizonensis (Ashmead, 1888) CAN AB
P. canadensis Gumovsky, 2001 CAN MB
P. huberi Gumovsky, 2001 CAN NB
P. laticalcar Gumovsky, 2001 CAN AB SK Gumovsky 2001
P. mirus (Girault, 1917) CAN QC
Genus Pediobius Walker, 1846
Nearctic revision – Peck 1985
P. adelphae Peck, 1985 CAN ON QC
P. alaspharus (Walker, 1839) CAN ON NS GL Baur 2005
P. albipes (Provancher, 1887) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF
P. alcaeus (Walker, 1839) CAN AK BC AB ON QC NS
P. aphidiphagus (Ashmead,1887) CAN BC ON QC Peck 1985
P. brachycerus (Thomson, 1878) CAN BC AB MB ON QC
P. bucculatricis (Gahan, 1927) CAN AB MB ON QC NB NS Peck 1985
P. crassicornis (Thomson, 1878) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB
P. epigonus (Walker, 1839) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS LB Peck 1985
P. eubius (Walker, 1839) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS LB NF
P. facialis (Giraud, 1863) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS Peck 1985
P. foliorum (Geoffroy, 1785) CAN AK ON QC
P. liocephalatus Peck, 1985 CAN SK ON QC NS
P. lonchaeae Burks, 1966 CAN ON QC NB NS Peck 1985
P. lysis (Walker, 1839) CAN QC
P. magniclavatus Peck, 1985 CAN ON QC NF
P. metallicus (Nees, 1834) CAN BC ON QC NB NS NF
P. nigritarsis (Thomson, 1878) CAN BC AB SK ON QC NS Baird 1938; Burks 1979c
P. ocellatus Peck, 1985 CAN ON
P. phyllotretae (Riley, 1884) CAN AB ON QC
P. planiventris (Thomson, 1878) CAN ON
P. pseudotsugatae Peck, 1985 CAN BC
P. pyrgo (Walker, 1839) CAN ON Arthur 1962
P. termerus (Walker, 1839) CAN AK BC LB
P. williamsoni (Girault, 1911) CAN AB ON
Genus Perditorulus Hansson, 1996
P. penicillatus Hansson, 1996 CAN ON Hansson 1996b
SUBFAMILY ENTIINAE
Genus Astichus Förster, 1856
A. intermedius Hedqvist, 1969 CAN ON
A. polyporicola Hedqvist, 1969 CAN ON QC NB NF
A. pulchrilineatus Gahan, 1927 CAN ON
Genus Euderus Haliday, 1844
Nearctic revision – Yoshimoto 1971
E. acrobasis (Crawford, 1915) CAN AB ON QC NS
E. alaskensis Yoshimoto, 1971 AK
E. albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS
E. argyresthiae (Crawford, 1915) CAN BC ON QC NB Eidt and Sippell 1961
E. canadensis Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN NT MB ON QC Yoshimoto 1971
E. chillcotti Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN SK ON
E. cushmani (Crawford, 1915) CAN NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
E. fuscedinellae Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN ON NB
E. glaucus Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN ON QC
E. lividus (Ashmead, 1886) CAN ON
E. masoni Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN ON
E. pecki Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN MB QC
E. purpureus Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN ON
E. rubriscapus (Girault, 1916) CAN ON QC NS
E. rugosus (Crawford, 1915) CAN YT MB ON QC NB NS
E. saperdae Miller, 1965 CAN SK MB ON
E. solidaginis Yoshimoto, 1971 CAN ON QC
E. subopacus (Gahan, 1927) CAN AB SK MB ON QC NS
E. verticillatus (Ashmead, 1888) CAN ON
SUBFAMILY EULOPHINAE
Nearctic key to genera – Miller 1970
Genus Burkseus Perry, 2019
Revision and key to genera – Perry and Heraty 2019
B. flavoviridis (Crawford, 1913) CAN BC
B. robustus Perry, 2019 CAN BC AB ON
B. vittatus (Walker, 1838) CAN AK YT BC AB ON QC NB PE NS NF
Genus Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832
C. argei (Crawford, 1911) CAN SK ON
C. cinctithorax (Girault, 1916) CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS
C. coptodiscae (Girault, 1916) CAN BC
C. flavicinctus Riley, 1883 CAN ON QC
C. inimicus Gahan, 1934 CAN ON
C. ocellatus Girault, 1917 CAN MB QC
C. ovisugosus Crosby & Matheson, 1915 CAN Thompson 1955
C. pictus (Nees,1834) CAN ON QC Peck 1963
Genus Colpoclypeus Lucchese, 1941
C. florus (Walker, 1839) CAN BC ON QC
Genus Dahlbominus Hincks, 1945
D. fuscipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN BC ON QC NB PE NS NF* BC-Baird 1942; NB-Hawboldt 1939; PE-Baird 1947; NS,NF-Baird 1946
Genus Diaulinopsis Crawford, 1912
D. callichroma Crawford, 1912 CAN SK ON NB
Genus Dicladocerus Westwood, 1832
Nearctic revision – Yoshimoto 1976
D. alaskensis Yoshimoto, 1976 AK
D. betulae Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN ON NF
D. epinotiae Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN ON NF Yoshimoto 1976
D. exoteliae Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN ON
D. nearcticus Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB
D. occidentalis Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN BC
D. pacificus Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN BC
D. terraenovae Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN NF
D. vulgaris Yoshimoto, 1976 CAN ON QC NB
D. westwoodii Westwood, 1832 CAN BC ON Andrews and Geistlinger 1969
Genus Diglyphus Walker, 1844
D. begini (Ashmead, 1904) CAN YT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
D. intermedius (Girault, 1916) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NS
D. isaea (Walker, 1838) CAN AB ON GL Fry 1989; Baur 2005
D. pulchripes (Crawford, 1912) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC
D. websteri (Crawford, 1912) CAN AK NT SK ON QC NS
Genus Dimmockia Ashmead, 1904
World review – Ikeda and Huber 1996
D. incongrua (Ashmead, 1898) CAN ON
D. pallipes Muesebeck, 1927 CAN MB ON QC NB
Genus Elachertus Spinola, 1811
Nearctic revision – Schauff 1985a
E. atus Schauff, 1985 CAN MB ON QC NB NF
E. cacoeciae Howard, 1885 CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF
E. cidariae Ashmead, 1898 CAN AK NT BC ON QC NB NS
E. fenestratus Nees, 1834 CAN YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS GL Baur 2005
E. loh Schauff, 1985 CAN NS
Genus Elasmus Westwood, 1833
Nearctic review – Coote 1997; Nearctic key – Burks 1965
E. albicoxa Howard, 1885 CAN ON QC
E. apanteli Gahan, 1913 CAN SK ON QC Burks 1979c
E. aspidiscae Girault, 1917 CAN Thompson 1955
E. atratus Howard, 1897 CAN BC QC NB
E. marylandicus Girault, 1915 CAN ON
E. mordax Girault, 1917 CAN Thompson 1955
Genus Eulophus Geoffroy, 1762
E. anomocerus (Crawford, 1912) CAN SK MB ON QC NB
E. basalis Say, 1836 CAN ON
E. brevicapitatus Cook & Davis, 1891 CAN SK MB ON QC
E. koebelei (Crawford, 1912) CAN SK
E. larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) CAN NS
E. nebulosus (Provancher, 1887) CAN BC ON QC NB PE NF
E. orgyiae (Fitch, 1856) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NF
E. ramosus Provancher, 1881 CAN QC Provancher 1881
E. smerinthi (Ashmead, 1898) CAN ON QC
Genus Euplectrus Westwood, 1832
European revision – Hansson and Schmidt 2018; China species – Zhu and Huang 2003
E. bicolor (Swederus, 1795) CAN MB ON QC Zhu and Huang 2002
E. frontalis Howard, 1885 CAN ON QC Chittenden 1901; Fyles 1897
E. liparidis Ferrière, 1941 CAN QC Zhu and Huang 2002
E. mellipes Provancher, 1887 CAN AK ON QC NS Burks 1979c; Peck 1963
Genus Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917
G. flavicornis Girault, 1917 CAN SK
Genus Hemiptarsenus Westwood, 1833
H. collaris (Ashmead, 1904) CAN QC Burks 1979c
H. longifasciatus (Girault, 1917) CAN ON QC
H. unguicellus (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN ON QC NB
Genus Hyssopus Girault, 1916
Nearctic revision – Schauff 1985b
H. benefactor (Crawford, 1912) CAN BC AB ON QC Burks 1979c
H. johannseni (Crawford, 1912) CAN YT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB
H. novus Girault, 1917 CAN BC
H. rhyacioniae Gahan, 1927 CAN ON
H. thymus Girault, 1916 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC PE
Genus Miotropis Thomson, 1878
M. mellea (Ashmead, 1904) CAN ON
Genus Necremnus Thomson, 1878
N. californicus (Girault, 1917) CAN AB ON
N. duplicatus Gahan, 1941 CAN BC AB SK ON QC
N. tidius (Walker, 1839) CAN BC ON
Genus Paraolinx Ashmead, 1894
P. canadensis Miller, 1964 CAN QC
Genus Platyplectrus Ferrière, 1941
P. americanus (Girault, 1917) CAN ON
Genus Pnigalio Schrank, 1802
Nearctic review – Yoshimoto 1983; Nearctic revision – Miller 1970
P. boharti Yoshimoto, 1983 CAN BC
P. elongatus Yoshimoto, 1983 CAN ON QC
P. glaber Yoshimoto, 1983 CAN MB ON
P. kukakensis (Ashmead, 1902) CAN AK NU BC AB NS Yoshimoto 1983
P. levis Yoshimoto, 1983 CAN BC
P. longulus (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN AK NT BC AB SK MB ON NB Yoshimoto 1983
P. maculipes (Crawford, 1913) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF Burks 1979c
P. minio (Walker, 1847) CAN AK NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF
P. nemati (Westwood, 1838) CAN ON
P. neolongulus Yoshimoto, 1983 CAN AK YT BC MB ON QC NS
P. pallipes (Provancher, 1887) CAN AK NT BC SK MB ON QC NB NS Yoshimoto 1983
P. pectinicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) CAN ON QC
P. uroplatae (Howard, 1885) CAN AK NT AB MB ON QC NB NS NF Yoshimoto 1983
Genus Sympiesis Förster, 1856
Holarctic Review of Sympiesis acalle, gordiusMaier and Hansson 2006; Nearctic revision – Miller 1970
S. acalle (Walker, 1848) CAN AK BC AB ON QC NB NS Burks 1979c
S. ancylae Girault, 1917 CAN AB ON QC NB NS Burks 1979c
S. argenticoxae Girault, 1917 CAN MB ON QC Burks 1979c
S. dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB Burks 1979c
S. enargiae Miller, 1970 CAN NT BC ON QC NB Miller 1970
S. gordius (Walker, 1848) CAN BC MB ON QC NB NS
S. marilandia Girault, 1917 CAN ON QC NS Burks 1979c
S. sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) CAN YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
S. stigmata Girault, 1917 CAN BC AB SK Burks 1979c
S. stigmatipennis Girault, 1917 CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS Burks 1979c
S. triclada (Provancher, 1887) CAN ON QC
S. viridula (Thomson, 1878) CAN AB ON QC NB NS Peck 1963
S. yuekseli Doğanlar, 1979 CAN BC
Genus Xanthella Móczár, 1950
X. szabopatayi Móczár, 1950 CAN ON
Genus Zagrammosoma Ashmead, 1904
Z. americanum Girault, 1916 CAN BC AB McLeod 1951
Z. centrolineatum Crawford, 1913 CAN BC
Z. multilineatum (Ashmead, 1888) CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS
SUBFAMILY TETRASTICHINAE
European keys – Graham 1987, 1991; Nearctic generic key and species catalogue – LaSalle 1994
Genus Anaprostocetus Graham, 1987
Holarctic revision and key – Graham 1987
A. acuminatus (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN ON NB
Genus Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833
A. anthophilus (Burks, 1947) CAN AB ON QC Pilon 1965
A. anthracinus (Ashmead, 1902) AK Ashmead 1902
A. bruzzonis (Masi, 1930) CAN ON QC
A. cassidis (Burks, 1943) CAN ON
A. esurus (Riley, 1879) CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB
A. garryana (Burks, 1963) CAN BC
A. hibus (Burks, 1943) CAN NT SK
A. impexus (Girault, 1917) CAN NB
A. juniperi (Crawford, 1915) CAN BC ON
A. marcovitchi (Crawford, 1915) CAN NB
A. meltoftei Buhl, 1997 GL Buhl 1997
A. minutus (Howard, 1881) CAN BC AB ON QC Samarasinghe and LeRoux 1966
A. nebraskensis (Girault, 1916) CAN BC ON NB
A. pallipes (Dalman, 1820) CAN AB Graham 1987
A. pattersonae (Fullaway, 1912) CAN BC
A. pausiris (Walker, 1839) CAN AB ON
A. pygmaeus (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN AB
A. rosae (Ashmead, 1886) CAN BC ON Essig 1926
A. silvaticus (Gahan, 1937) CAN BC AB ON QC NB PE
A. strobilanae (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN NB
A. strobilus (Burks, 1943) CAN BC Hedlin 1960
A. venustus (Gahan, 1914) CAN ON QC NB
A. zosimus (Walker, 1839) CAN MB ON
Genus Baryscapus Förster, 1856
B. americanus (Ashmead, 1888) CAN ON Vickruck et al. 2010
B. bruchophagi (Gahan, 1913) CAN ON
B. chlamytis (Ashmead, 1896) CAN ON QC NB NS
B. chrysopae (Crawford, 1915) CAN BC NB
B. coerulescens (Ashmead, 1898) CAN AK BC MB ON NB NS Torgersen 1969
B. daira (Walker, 1839) CAN BC ON NB
B. galactopus (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN BC ON QC NB
B. granulatus (Walker, 1844) CAN ON Walker 1844
B. malacosomae (Girault, 1917) CAN BC ON QC NS Blatt et al. 2000
B. microrhopalae (Ashmead, 1896) CAN MB
B. modestus (Howard, 1889) CAN Thompson 1955
B. racemariae (Ashmead, 1886) CAN MB ON QC NB
B. rugglesi (Rohwer, 1919) CAN MB ON NB
B. turionum (Hartig, 1838) CAN ON
Genus Chytrolestes LaSalle, 1994
C. alibaba LaSalle, 1994 CAN QC
Genus Crataepus Förster, 1878
C. marbis (Walker, 1839) CAN MB ON QC
Genus Galeopsomyia Girault, 1916
G. epidius (Walker, 1847) CAN ON Burks 1975
G. haemon (Walker, 1847) CAN ON QC NB
Genus Melittobia Westwood, 1848
World revision – Dahms 1984
M. acasta (Walker, 1839) CAN BC MB ON QC NB NS
M. chalybii Ashmead, 1892 CAN BC AB MB ON BC-Buckell 1928; AB,MB-Peck 1969; ON-MacFarlane and Pengelly 1978
Genus Minotetrastichus Kostjukov, 1977
M. frontalis (Nees, 1834) CAN BC AB
Genus Oomyzus Rondani, 1870
O. incertus (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN ON QC NS
O. scaposus (Thomson, 1878) CAN ON
O. sokolowskii (Kurdjumov, 1912) CAN ON
Genus Peckelachertus Yoshimoto, 1970
P. diprioni Yoshimoto, 1970 CAN ON QC
Genus Quadrastichus Girault, 1913
Q. baldufi (Burks, 1943) CAN QC
Q. solidaginis (Burks, 1943) CAN AB QC Burks 1979c
Q. whitmani (Girault, 1916) CAN AB QC NB NS
Genus Sigmophora Rondani, 1867
S. brevicornis (Panzer, 1804) CAN ON Burks 1979c
Genus Tetrastichomyia Girault, 1916
T. clisiocampae (Ashmead, 1894) CAN ON
Genus Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844
Nearctic revision – Burks 1943
T. alaskensis Ashmead, 1902 AK Ashmead 1902
T. clito (Walker, 1840) CAN ON
T. coeruleus (Nees, 1834) CAN MB ON QC NB MB,NB-Peck 1951; QC-Beaulne 1935
T. johnsoni Ashmead, 1896 CAN ON
T. julis (Walker, 1839) CAN ON NB
T. paracholus Burks, 1943 CAN ON
T. pompilicola Graham, 1960 CAN LB
T. productus Riley, 1885 CAN QC PE Beaulne 1949; Fletcher 1900
T. saundersii (Packard, 1881) CAN ON Scudder 1889
T. setifer Thomson, 1878 CAN ON Cappuccino et al. 2013
T. sinope (Walker, 1839) CAN BC Wilkinson 1966
T. tibialis (Ashmead, 1894) CAN ON Burks 1943
T. trisulcatus Provancher, 1887 CAN BC MB ON QC NB Burks 1943
FAMILY EUPELMIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Gibson 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979d
SUBFAMILY CALOSOTINAE
World generic revision – Gibson 1989
Genus Balcha Walker, 1862
Revision – Gibson 2005a
B. indica (Mani & Kaul, 1973) CAN ON
Genus Calosota Curtis, 1836
Nearctic revision – Gibson 2010
C. acron (Walker, 1848) CAN BC
C. aestivalis Curtis, 1836 CAN BC MB QC
C. metallica (Gahan, 1922) CAN BC
SUBFAMILY EUPELMINAE
World generic revision – Gibson 1995
Genus Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859
Nearctic key – Burks 1967a
Subgenus Anastatus Motschulsky, 1859
A. ashmeadi (Melander & Brues, 1903) CAN ON QC
A. japonicus Ashmead, 1904 CAN ON NB
A. pearsalli Ashmead, 1898 CAN BC ON
A. reduvii (Howard, 1880) CAN ON
A. ruficollis (Cameron, 1905) CAN BC
Genus Arachnophaga Ashmead, 1896
Key to subgenera – Gibson 1995; New World key – Gahan 1943
Subgenus Arachnophaga Ashmead, 1896
A. aldrichi Gahan, 1943 CAN ON
Subgenus Shedocremna Gibson, 1995
A. eucnemia Gibson, 1995 CAN AB ON
Genus Brasema Cameron, 1884
B. allynii (French, 1882) CAN MB ON PE Criddle 1922; Fletcher 1900
B. leucothysana Gibson, 1995 CAN ON
Genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820
Subgenus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820
Nearctic revision – Gibson 2011
E. annulatus Nees, 1834 CAN BC ON NB NS
E. cyaniceps Ashmead, 1886 CAN ON
E. dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1886 CAN AB SK ON QC
E. microzonus Förster, 1860 CAN AB
E. nitifrons Gibson, 2011 CAN QC
E. pini Taylor, 1927 CAN ON QC PE
E. pulchriceps (Cameron, 1904) CAN ON
E. utahensis Girault, 1916 CAN BC AB
Subgenus Macroneura Walker, 1837
Nearctic revision – Gibson 1990
E. messene Walker, 1839 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS
Genus Merostenus Walker, 1837
Subgeneric classification – Gibson 2017
Subgenus Merostenus Walker, 1837
M. excavatus (Dalman, 1820) CAN NS
Subgenus Reikosiella Yoshimoto, 1969
M. bigutta (Girault, 1917) CAN ON
M. charitopoides (Girault, 1916) CAN ON
M. marylandica (Girault, 1916) CAN AB ON QC
Genus Zaischnopsis Ashmead, 1904
Nearctic revision and world checklist – Gibson 2005b
Z. bouceki Gibson, 2005 CAN ON
SUBFAMILY NEANASTATINAE
World generic revision – Gibson 1989
Genus Metapelma Westwood, 1835
M. spectabile Westwood, 1835 CAN SK MB ON QC NB
FAMILY EURYTOMIDAE
Nearctic generic key – DiGiulio 1997; Nearctic generic key – Burks 1971; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979e
SUBFAMILY EURYTOMINAE
Phylogenetic analysis – Lotfalizadeh et al. 2007
Genus Axima Walker, 1862
A. zabriskiei Howard, 1890 CAN ON QC Burks 1979e
Genus Bruchophagus Ashmead, 1888
B. borealis Ashmead, 1894 CAN ON Ashmead 1894
B. gibbus (Boheman, 1836) CAN BC SK ON QC Glendenning and King 1953; Ashmead 1894
B. platypterus (Walker, 1834) CAN AB ON QC
B. roddi Gussakovskiy, 1933 CAN BC AB SK MB ON NB
Genus Eurytoma Illiger, 1807
Nearctic revision of Diplolepis parasitoids – Zhang et al. 2014, 2017; Nearctic revision – Bugbee 1967, 1970, 1975; Keys to morio species group – Delvare et al. 2014
E. abatos Walker, 1843 CAN BC ON QC NB NS Burks 1979e
E. aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848 CAN QC
E. afra Boheman, 1836 CAN BC
E. altifossa Bugbee, 1967 CAN MB
E. appendigaster (Swederus, 1795) CAN ON NB Burks 1979e
E. atripes Gahan, 1933 CAN AK YT NT AB SK ON QC PE
E. bicolor Walsh, 1870 CAN ON QC
E. bolteri Riley, 1869 CAN BC ON
E. brevitergis Bugbee, 1975 CAN BC AB Bugbee 1975
E. californica Ashmead, 1887 CAN QC
E. calycis Bugbee, 1961 CAN YT BC SK ON
E. caraganae Nikol’skaya, 1952 CAN AB SK MB Peck 1963
E. cleri Ashmead, 1894 CAN BC QC
E. conica Provancher, 1887 CAN BC MB ON QC
E. contractura Bugbee, 1967 CAN ON
E. diastrophi Walsh, 1870 CAN NT BC SK MB ON QC NB NS Peck 1963
E. discordans Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE
E. dorcaschemae Ashmead, 1888 CAN SK ON Burks 1979e
E. flavifacies Bugbee, 1969 CAN ON
E. fossae Bugbee, 1967 CAN BC AB SK MB ON
E. gatesi Delvare, 2014 CAN BC Delvare et al. 2014
E. gigantea Walsh, 1870 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB LB
E. hecale Walker, 1843 CAN BC ON
E. illinoisensis Girault, 1920 CAN BC AB ON QC NS
E. imminuta Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC AB MB ON QC Zhang et al. 2017
E. incerta Fullaway, 1912 CAN BC AB SK ON
E. iniquus Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC AB ON QC PE Zhang et al. 2017
E. juniperina Marcovitch, 1915 CAN BC SK ON
E. longavena Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC AB SK ON QC BC-Bugbee 1951; SK,ON, QC-Zhang et al. 2017
E. magdalidis Ashmead, 1894 CAN ON QC Burks 1979e
E. minnesota Girault, 1916 CAN AK YT ON QC
E. neomexicana Girault, 1920 CAN AB SK ON QC
E. nigricoxa Provancher, 1887 CAN BC AB MB ON QC
E. obtusiventris Gahan, 1934 CAN ON
E. onobrychidis Nikol’skaya, 1933 CAN AB SK Richards 1989
E. orchidearum (Westwood, 1869) CAN BC ON QC Essig 1926; Gibson 1914; Burks 1979e
E. pachyneuron Girault, 1916 CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC PE NS LB
E. parva Phillips, 1918 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC PE
E. phloeotribi Ashmead, 1894 CAN QC Bugbee 1970
E. picea Bugbee, 1967 CAN BC
E. pini Bugbee, 1958 CAN BC MB ON QC Bugbee 1958
E. pissodis Girault, 1917 CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB NS Peck 1963
E. profunda Bugbee, 1967 CAN Ashmead 1887
E. prunicola Walsh, 1870 CAN ON
E. querciglobuli (Fitch, 1859) CAN AK YT BC MB ON
E. rhois Crosby, 1909 CAN ON
E. shorthousei Zhang & Gates, 2017 CAN BC MB Zhang et al. 2017
E. solenozopheriae Ashmead, 1887 CAN ON QC NS Burks 1979e; Hayman et al. 2003
E. spongiosa Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC AB SK MB ON Bugbee 1951
E. studiosa Say, 1836 CAN BC ON QC BC,QC-Burks 1979e; ON-Harrington 1895
E. tomici Ashmead, 1894 CAN AB
E. tylodermatis Ashmead, 1896 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB Haye et al. 2013
E. verticillata (Fabricius, 1798) CAN ON
E. vitis (Saunders, 1869) CAN ON QC Saunders 1869
Genus Mangoma Subba Rao, 1986
M. salicis (Walker, 1834) CAN ON
Genus Masneroma Bouček, 1983
M. angulifera Bouček, 1983 CAN ON
Genus Sycophila Walker, 1871
Nearctic revision – Balduf 1932 (as Decatoma Spinola)
S. dubia (Walsh, 1870) CAN ON
S. marylandica (Girault, 1916) CAN NS Balduf 1932
S. mellea (Curtis, 1831) CAN ON QC PE Beaulne 1949
S. nigriceps (Walsh, 1870) CAN BC
S. novascotiae (Balduf, 1932) CAN NS
S. nubilistigma (Walsh, 1870) CAN MB QC Balduf 1932
S. quercilanae (Fitch, 1859) CAN ON QC Peck 1963
S. subimmaculata (Girault, 1917) CAN ON
S. vacciniicola (Balduf, 1932) CAN ON QC NS Balduf 1932; Hayman et al. 2003
S. varians (Walsh, 1870) CAN ON
Genus Systole Walker, 1832
S. albipennis Walker, 1832 CAN ON QC
Genus Tenuipetiolus Bugbee, 1951
T. medicaginis (Gahan, 1919) CAN ON
T. ruber Bugbee, 1951 CAN BC SK MB ON QC NS
Genus Tetramesa Walker, 1848
Nearctic revision – Phillips and Emery 1919, Phillips 1936
T. hordei (Harris, 1830) CAN ON QC PE NS Webster 1903
T. kingi (Phillips, 1927) CAN AB SK
T. linearis (Walker, 1832) CAN ON
T. longipetiolatum (Phillips, 1836) CAN AB
T. maderae (Walker, 1849) CAN ON QC Burks 1979e; Peck 1963
T. oregon (Phillips, 1836) CAN AB
T. secale (Fitch, 1861) CAN AB ON Holmes and Blakeley 1971; Peck 1963
T. tritici (Fitch, 1859) CAN ON QC NB PE ON,PE-Fletcher 1906; QC-Peck 1963
T. vaginicolum (Doane, 1916) CAN ON QC Phillips and Emery 1919; Peck 1951
T. websteri (Howard, 1896) CAN AB ON QC Burks 1979e
SUBFAMILY RILEYINAE
World revision – Gates 2008
Genus Neorileya Ashmead, 1904
N. flavipes Ashmead, 1904 CAN MB
Genus Rileya Ashmead, 1888
R. cecidomyiae Ashmead, 1888 CAN ON QC
R. insularis (Ashmead, 1894) CAN ON QC
FAMILY LEUCOSPIDAE
Nearctic review – Boucěk 1997a; world revision – Boucěk 1974; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979f
Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775
L. affinis Say, 1824 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS AB-PMAE; SK-RSKM; Westwood 1834
FAMILY MEGASTIGMIDAE
World catalogue – Grissell 1999; Nearctic catalogue – Grissell 1979; phylogenetics – Janšta et al. 2018
Genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820
Nearctic key – Hedlin et al. 1980; Nearctic revision and key – Milliron 1949
M. aculeatus (Swederus, 1795) CAN ON QC
M. albifrons Walker, 1869 CAN BC Hedlin et al. 1980
M. amelanchieris Cushman, 1918 CAN BC AB MB
M. americanus Milliron, 1949 CAN ON QC NF
M. atedius Walker, 1851 CAN AK BC ON QC NB Werner 1964
M. brevicaudis Ratzeburg, 1852 CAN MB
M. caperatus Milliron, 1949 CAN ON
M. formosus Milliron, 1949 CAN ON QC
M. gahani Milliron, 1949 CAN ON QC
M. hoffmeyeri Walley, 1932 CAN ON QC
M. laricis Marcovitch, 1914 CAN AK YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS LB NF Hedlin et al. 1980
M. lasiocarpae Crosby, 1913 CAN BC AB
M. melanus Milliron, 1949 CAN ON
M. milleri Milliron, 1949 CAN BC
M. nigrovariegatus Ashmead, 1890 CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK ON QC PE NS NF
M. physocarpi Crosby, 1913 CAN ON QC
M. pinus Parfitt, 1857 CAN BC
M. rafni Hoffmeyer, 1929 CAN BC
M. specularis Walley, 1932 CAN SK MB ON QC NB NS LB Hedlin 1956
M. spermotrophus Wachtl, 1893 CAN BC AB
M. tsugae Crosby, 1913 CAN BC
FAMILY MYMARIDAE
World genera – Annecke and Doutt 1961; Holarctic genera – Schauff 1984; Nearctic generic key – Huber 1997, Huber et al. 2020; New World genera – Yoshimoto 1990; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979g, Huber et al. 2020
Genus Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946
Nearctic review – Schauff 1981
A. immaculatum Schauff, 1981 CAN ON NS
A. varium (Girault, 1917) CAN ON QC Schauff 1981
Genus Alaptus Westwood, 1839
Holarctic revision – Triapitsyn 2017
A. fusculus Walker, 1846 CAN ON Triapitsyn 2017
A. huberi Triapitsyn, 2017 CAN ON Triapitsyn 2017
A. immaturus Perkins, 1905 CAN AB ON Triapitsyn 2017
A. klonx Triapitsyn, 2017 CAN ON
A. minimus Westwood, 1839 CAN ON NB Triapitsyn 2017
A. pallidicornis Föerster, 1856 CAN ON Triapitsyn 2017
A. santetrapsi Triapitsyn, 2017 CAN YT AB ON Triapitsyn 2017
Genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833
World key – Triapitsyn 2015; Nearctic review – Triapitsyn 1998; Holarctic key and Nearctic review – Chiappini et al. 1996; Nearctic key – Gordh and Dunbar 1977
A. atomus (Linnaeus, 1767) CAN BC ON Triapitsyn 1998
A. avalae Soyka, 1956 CAN BC ON Chiappini and Triapitsyn 1999
A. daanei Triapitsyn, 1998 CAN BC
A. incarnatus Haliday, 1833 CAN SK Triapitsyn et al. 2018
A. nigriceps (Smits van Burgst, 1914) GL Huber 2015a
A. nigriventris Girault, 1911 CAN ON Armstrong 1936
A. puella Girault, 1911 CAN AB
A. subfuscus Förster, 1847 CAN ON QC
Genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833
Review and world catalogue – Huber and Thuróczy 2018; Nearctic review and keys – species groups and A. fuscipennis group – Huber 1992, A. crassicornis group – Huber 2006; key and descriptions of carrot weevil parasitoids – Huber et al. 1997
A. alaskae Annecke & Doutt, 1961 CAN AK YT NT Annecke and Doutt 1961
A. byrrhidiphagus Huber, 1992 CAN AK YT BC MB QC
A. calendrae (Gahan, 1927) CAN ON
A. collinus Walker, 1846 CAN ON
A. confertus (Doutt, 1949) CAN BC ON
A. conotracheli Girault, 1905 CAN NT QC
A. cotei Huber, 1997 CAN NS
A. diana (Girault, 1911) CAN QC NS
A. flavipes (Förster, 1841) CAN ON NS Samková et al. 2017
A. fuscipennis Haliday, 1833 CAN BC ON QC NS
A. gerrisophaga (Doutt, 1949) CAN MB ON QC
A. iole Girault, 1911 CAN AK NT BC AB ON QC PE
A. listronoti Huber, 1997 CAN ON QC Huber et al. 2006
A. luna (Girault, 1914) CAN AB ON QC PE
A. sinipennis Girault, 1911 CAN AB ON NS
A. victus Huber, 1997 CAN ON QC
Genus Camptoptera Förster, 1856
Holarctic revision – Triapitsyn 2014
C. cardui (Förster, 1856) CAN MB Triapitsyn 2014
Genus Chrysoctonus Mathot, 1966
C. masneri (Yoshimoto, 1990) CAN ON QC
Genus Cleruchus Enock, 1909
C. biciliatus (Ferrière, 1952) CAN ON QC
C. pieloui (Yoshimoto, 1971) CAN QC NB
Genus Cosmocomoidea Howard, 1908
World checklist – Huber 2015b; Nearctic key – Triapitsyn 2013b; Nearctic revision (as Gonatocerus ater group) – Huber 1988; Nearctic review and key to parasites of ProconiiniTriapitsyn 2006
C. bonariensis (Brethès, 1922) CAN AB
C. dolichocerus (Ashmead, 1887) CAN ON QC NB NS
C. inexpectata (Huber, 1988) CAN ON
C. latipennis (Girault, 1911) CAN BC MB ON QC NS
C. novifasciata (Girault, 1911) CAN NS
Genus Dicopus Enock, 1909
D. halitus Girault, 1917 CAN QC Girault 1911
Genus Erythmelus Enock, 1909
Nearctic review – Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. agilis (Enock, 1909) CAN AK NT BC ON QC PE
E. burtik Triapitsyn, 2007 CAN ON
E. flavovarius (Walker, 1846) CAN AK ON QC PE Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. gracilis (Howard, 1881) CAN NT BC ON PE Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. mikrob Triapitsyn , 2007 CAN BC Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. miridiphagus Dozier, 1937 CAN QC Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. picinus (Girault, 1915) CAN AK BC AB ON NS Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. psallidis Gahan, 1937 CAN BC AB ON NB PE Triapitsyn et al. 2007
E. rex (Girault, 1911) CAN AB SK ON QC
Genus Eustochus Haliday, 1833
World review – Huber and Baquero 2007; subgeneric definitions – Triapitsyn et al. 2020
Subgenus Caraphractus Walker, 1846
E. cinctus (Walker, 1846) CAN YT NT BC MB ON QC NB
= Caraphractus cinctus Walker, 1846
Subgenus Eustochus Haliday, 1833
E. nearcticus Yoshimoto, 1990 CAN BC AB ON NS
E. pengellyi Huber & Baquero, 2007 CAN ON QC
E. yoshimotoi Huber & Baquero, 2007 CAN BC
Genus Gonatocerus Nees, 1834
World checklist – Huber 2015b; Nearctic partial key – Triapitsyn 2013b; Nearctic revision (as sulphuripes group) – Huber 1988
G. californicus Girault, 1917 CAN ON QC
G. fuscicornis (Walker, 1846) AK Triapitsyn 2013a
G. lissonotus Huber, 1988 CAN MB ON
G. maga Girault, 1911 CAN ON QC
G. mexicanus Perkins, 1912 CAN AB ON QC
G. rivalis Girault, 1911 CAN ON QC NS Huber 1988
Genus Kalopolynema Oglobin, 1960
Revision – Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2002
K. ema (Schauff & Grissell, 1982) CAN ON QC
Genus Litus Haliday, 1833
Holarctic, Oriental review – Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2004
L. camptopterus Novicky, 1953 CAN ON QC
L. cynipseus Haliday, 1833 CAN ON
Genus Lymaenon Walker, 1846
World checklist – Huber 2015b; Nearctic key – Triapitsyn 2013b
L. aureus (Girault, 1911) CAN ON Triapitsyn et al. 2010
L. litoralis (Haliday, 1833) CAN NT Triapitsyn 2013a
Genus Macrocamptoptera Girault, 1910
Holarctic revision – Triapitsyn 2012
M. metotarsa (Girault, 1905) CAN AB ON QC
Genus Mymar Curtis, 1829
Review and world key – Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2001
M. pulchellum Curtis, 1832 CAN ON Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2001
Genus Neomymar Crawford, 1913
Nearctic revision – Triapitsyn et al. 2006
N. vierecki Crawford, 1913 CAN AB ON QC
Genus Omyomymar Schauff, 1983
New World revision – Schauff 1983
O. silvanum (Oglobin, 1935) CAN ON Schauff 1983
Genus Ooctonus Haliday, 1833
Nearctic revision – Huber 2012
O. aphrophorae Milliron, 1947 CAN ON QC
O. boltei Huber, 2012 CAN MB NB
O. canadensis Whittaker, 1931 CAN AK BC ON Huber 2012
O. fuscipes Whittaker, 1931 CAN BC
O. hemipterus Haliday, 1833 CAN AK NT BC SK MB ON QC NB PE NS
O. longipetiolus Huber, 2012 CAN ON QC PE
O. notatus Walker, 1846 CAN AK BC AB ON QC NB PE NS NF Triapitsyn 2010
O. occidentalis Whittaker, 1931 CAN AK BC QC Huber 2012
O. quadricarinatus Girault, 1916 CAN ON QC NB PE NS
O. readae Huber, 2012 CAN ON
O. silvensis Girault, 1916 CAN ON QC
O. triapitsyni Huber, 2012 CAN AK AB SK ON QC
O. vulgatus Haliday, 1833 CAN BC AB ON NS Huber 2012
Genus Polynema Haliday, 1833
P. bimaculatipenne Girault, 1911 CAN QC
P. florum Girault, 1929 CAN BC Girault 1929
P. longipes (Ashmead, 1887) CAN ON
P. nativum Girault, 1929 CAN BC Girault 1929
P. needhami Ashmead, 1900 CAN QC
P. pratensiphagum Walley, 1929 CAN ON QC
P. reginum Girault, 1912 CAN BC Girault 1912b
P. striaticorne Girault, 1911 CAN BC ON QC NS Girault 1912b; Paradis 1969
Genus Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt, 1961
P. magnificum Yoshimoto, 1990 CAN ON QC
Genus Stephanodes Enock, 1909
World review and key – Huber and Fildago 1997
S. septentrionalis Huber, 1997 CAN BC AB ON QC NB NS Huber and Fildago 1997
S. similis (Förster, 1847) CAN YT BC AB MB QC
Genus Stethynium Enock, 1909
Nearctic key – Huber 1987
S. triclavatum Enock, 1909 CAN BC
FAMILY ORMYRIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Hanson 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979h
Genus Ormyrus Westwood, 1832
O. acylus Hanson, 1992 CAN ON
O. labotus Walker, 1843 CAN AB MB ON QC NS
O. reticulatus Hanson, 1992 CAN BC
O. rosae Ashmead, 1885 CAN NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NS
O. tenuis Hanson, 1992 CAN ON
O. turio Hanson, 1992 CAN ON
O. unimaculatipennis Girault, 1916 CAN QC
O. vacciniicola Ashmead, 1887 CAN ON QC NB NS Hayman et al. 2003
O. venustus Hanson, 1992 CAN ON
FAMILY PERILAMPIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Darling 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979h
SUBFAMILY CHRYSOLAMPINAE
New World revision – Darling 1986
Genus Chrysolampus Spinola, 1811
C. schwarzi Crawford, 1914 CAN BC
C. sisymbrii (Ashmead, 1896) CAN YT BC AB
SUBFAMILY PERILAMPINAE
World generic key – Bouček 1978
Genus Euperilampus Walker, 1871
New World review – Darling 1983
E. triangularis (Say, 1829) CAN ON QC
Genus Perilampus Latreille, 1809
World synopsis and keys – Argaman 1990, 1991; generic concepts – Darling 1996; Nearctic revision – Smulyan 1937
P. anomocerus Crawford, 1914 CAN AB SK ON QC PE
P. canadensis Crawford, 1914 CAN ON QC Burks 1979h
P. carolinensis Smulyan, 1936 CAN QC ROM
P. chrysopae Crawford, 1914 CAN YT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
P. fulvicornis Ashmead, 1886 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB NS
P. gahani Smulyan, 1936 CAN BC AB SK
P. hyalinus Say, 1829 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS
P. muesebecki Smulyan, 1936 CAN ON QC NS
P. platigaster Say, 1836 CAN ON QC Provancher 1883
P. prothoracicus Smulyan, 1936 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB PE
P. robertsoni Crawford, 1914 CAN SK ON Burks 1979h
P. rohweri Smulyan, 1936 CAN ON Raizenne 1952
P. similis Crawford, 1914 CAN AB MB Burks 1979h
P. stygicus Provancher, 1888 CAN SK ON QC NB NS
P. subcarinatus Crawford, 1914 CAN AB
P. tristis Mayr, 1905 CAN BC ON QC PE
Genus Steffanolampus Peck, 1974
S. salicetum (Steffan, 1952) CAN ON QC
FAMILY PTEROMALIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Boucěk and Heydon 1997; new Nearctic genera – Bouček 1993; Northwest Europe review and keys – Graham 1969; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979h; review of world genera of Trigonoderini and revision of Nearctic species – Heydon 1997
SUBFAMILY ASAPHESINAE
= Asaphinae (see Burks and Heraty 2020)
Genus Asaphes Walker, 1834
Nearctic revision and world review – Gibson and Vikberg 1998; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979h
A. brevipetiolatus Gibson & Vikberg, 1998 CAN AK YT BC AB MB QC NB NF Gibson and Vikberg 1998
A. californicus Girault, 1917 CAN AK YT BC AB
A. hirsutus Gibson & Vikberg, 1998 CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB QC NB PE NS LB GL Baur 2005
A. petiolatus (Zetterstedt, 1838) CAN NT AB SK MB QC
A. suspensus (Nees, 1934) CAN AK NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS
A. vulgaris Walker, 1834 CAN ON QC PE NS GL Burks 1979h
Genus Hyperimerus Girault, 1917
H. corvus Girault, 1917 CAN AK NB
H. pusillus (Walker, 1833) CAN YT AB ON QC NB PE NS
SUBFAMILY CEINAE
Genus Cea Walker, 1837
C. pulicaris Walker, 1837 CAN ON PE ON-ROM
Genus Spalangiopelta Masi, 1922
World revision – Darling 1991
S. apotherisma Darling & Hanson, 1986 CAN AB ON QC NS
S. canadensis Darling, 1991 CAN BC AB ON QC NS Darling 1991
S. ciliata Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON QC NS
SUBFAMILY CEROCEPHALINAE
Genus Cerocephala Westwood, 1832
C. rufa (Walker, 1833) CAN ON
Genus Theocolax Westwood, 1832
T. elegans (Westwood, 1874) CAN BC QC Burks 1979h
SUBFAMILY CLEONYMINAE
Phylogenetics and world generic revision – Gibson 2003
Genus Chalcedectus Walker, 1852
C. hyalinipennis (Ashmead, 1896) CAN ON QC
Genus Cleonymus Latreille, 1809
C. magnificus (Ashmead, 1888) CAN QC Beaulne 1953
Genus Epistenia Westwood, 1832
E. coeruleata Westwood, 1832 CAN ON
Genus Heydenia Förster, 1856
H. unica Cook & Davis, 1891 CAN BC AB
SUBFAMILY COLOTRECHNINAE
Genus Colotrechnus Thomson, 1878
C. ignotus Burks, 1958 CAN ON
SUBFAMILY DIPARINAE
Genus Dipara Walker, 1833
D. canadensis Hedqvist, 1969 CAN MB ON QC
D. trilineatus (Yoshimoto, 1977) CAN ON
Genus Lelaps Walker, 1843
L. argenticoxa (Girault, 1916) CAN
L. beckeri Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON QC
L. striatus Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON
Genus Netomocera Bouček, 1954
N. nearctica Yoshimoto, 1977 CAN ON
SUBFAMILY EUNOTINAE
Genus Eunotus Walker, 1834
E. cretaceus Walker, 1834 CAN NS NF
E. lividus Ashmead, 1892 CAN ON QC Burks 1979h
SUBFAMILY EUTRICHOSOMATINAE
Genus Eutrichosoma Ashmead, 1899
E. mirabile Ashmead, 1904 CAN BC AB SK ON QC
Genus Peckianus Bouček, 1975
P. laevis (Provancher, 1887) CAN ON
SUBFAMILY MACROMESINAE
Genus Macromesus Walker, 1848
M. americanus Hedqvist, 1960 CAN AB
SUBFAMILY MISCOGASTERINAE
Genus Ardilea Graham, 1959
A. convexa (Walker, 1833) CAN AK LB GL
Genus Callimerismus Graham, 1956
C. inusitatus Heydon, 1989 CAN ON
Genus Collentis Heydon, 1992
C. suecicus (Graham, 1969) GL Baur 2005
Genus Glyphognathus Graham, 1956
G. laevigatus (Delucchi, 1953) GL Baur 2005
G. laevis (Delucchi, 1953) CAN AK YT AB MB
Genus Halticoptera Spinola, 1811
H. aenea (Walker, 1833) CAN ON Boyce 1939
H. brodiei Ashmead, 1887 CAN ON Ashmead 1887
H. circulus (Walker, 1833) CAN BC ON QC Burks 1979h
H. goodi Crawford, 1915 CAN QC NS Burks 1979h; Crawford 1915
H. rosae Burks, 1955 CAN AK SK ON Burks 1979h
H. triannulata (Erdös, 1946) CAN SK
Genus Lamprotatus Westwood, 1833
L. canadensis Girault, 1917 CAN AB Girault 1917
L. claviger Thomson, 1876 AK
L. conicus Girault, 1917 AK Girault 1917
L. pschorni Delucchi, 1953 CAN QC
L. truncatus (Fonscolombe, 1832) AK
Genus Mauleus Graham, 1981
Nearctic review – Heydon 1995
M. venetus Heydon, 1995 CAN QC
Genus Merismus Walker, 1833
M. lasthenes (Walker, 1848) CAN AK NT
M. megapterus Walker, 1833 CAN BC AB QC NB NS NF
M. splendens Graham, 1969 CAN YT
Genus Miscogaster Walker, 1833
M. elegans Walker, 1833 CAN NB
Genus Rhicnocoelia Graham, 1956
R. constans (Walker, 1836) CAN AK AB
Genus Seladerma Walker, 1834
S. diaeus (Walker, 1844) CAN ON Walker 1844
S. geniculatum (Zetterstedt, 1838) GL Baur 2005
S. tarsale (Walker, 1833) GL Peck 1963
S. vulgaris (Ashmead, 1902) AK Ashmead 1902
Genus Thinodytes Graham, 1956
Nearctic review – Heydon 1995
T. caroticus Heydon, 1995 CAN ON Heydon 1995
T. cyzicopsis Heydon, 1995 CAN AB ON QC NB NS Heydon 1995
T. petiolatus Heydon, 1995 CAN BC AB
Genus Tricyclomischus Graham, 1956
T. algonquinus Heydon, 1992 CAN AK YT NT NU MB NF
SUBFAMILY ORMOCERINAE
Genus Hemadas Crawford, 1909
H. nubilipennis (Ashmead, 1887) CAN SK ON QC NB NS NF
Genus Melancistrus Graham, 1969
M. diplosidis (Eckel, 1903) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC
Genus Semiotellus Westwood, 1839
S. minimus Provancher, 1881 CAN QC Provancher 1881
Genus Systasis Walker, 1834
S. encyrtoides Walker, 1834 CAN AK BC AB MB Burks 1979h
SUBFAMILY PIRENINAE
Genus Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833
G. americana (Ashmead, 1904) CAN ON
G. clavicornis (Girault, 1917) CAN SK Girault 1920
G. oblongus (Provancher, 1881) CAN QC Provancher 1881
Genus Macroglenes Westwood, 1832
M. penetrans (Kirby, 1800) CAN SK MB ON Doane et al. 1989
Genus Morodora Gahan, 1933
M. armata Gahan, 1933 CAN BC Burks 1979h
SUBFAMILY PTEROMALINAE
Genus Abomalus Bouček, 1993
A. masoni Bouček, 1993 CAN NT
Genus Acroclisoides Girault & Dodd, 1915
A. solus Grissell & Smith, 2006 CAN ON Gariepy et al. 2014
Genus Amphidocius Dzhanokmen, 1974
A. schickae Heydon & Bouček, 1992 CAN BC
Genus Anisopteromalus Ruschka, 1912
A. calandrae (Howard, 1881) CAN YT BC ON QC
Genus Anogmus Förster, 1856
A. laricis Bouček, 1966 CAN BC
A. piceae (Ruschka, 1921) CAN NB
A. planus Bouček, 1993 CAN AB ON
A. strobilorum (Thomson, 1878) CAN BC ON NB
Genus Arachnopteromalus Gordh, 1976
A. dasys Gordh, 1976 CAN ON
Genus Arthrolytus Thomson, 1878
A. fasciatus (Provancher, 1881) CAN ON QC
A. oezbeki Doğanlar, 1978 CAN BC
Genus Brachycaudonia Ashmead, 1904
B. californica Ashmead, 1904 CAN ON
B. cyaniceps Bouček, 1993 CAN ON
Genus Bubekia Dalla Torre, 1897
B. lasiopterae (Ashmead, 1893) CAN ON
Genus Caenacis Förster, 1856
C. cupraeus (Provancher, 1881) CAN AB ON QC Treherne 1916; Provancher 1881
Genus Callicarolynia Heydon, 1989
C. eruga Heydon, 1989 CAN AB MB ON
Genus Callitula Spinola, 1811
C. bicolor Spinola, 1811 CAN ON
C. nigricornis (Provancher, 1881) CAN QC Provancher 1881
Genus Canada Koçak & Kemal, 2008
C. gracilis (Bouček, 1993) CAN NF
Genus Capellia Delucchi, 1958
C. rufiventris (Girault, 1920) CAN BC MB ON QC
Genus Catolaccus Thomson, 1878
C. aeneoviridis (Girault, 1911) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NS MB-Prentice 1955; ON,QC-Burks 1979h
C. crassiceps (Masi, 1911) CAN AB
C. cyanoideus Burks, 1954 CAN AB SK MB ON
Genus Cheiropachus Westwood, 1829
C. obscuripes Brues, 1910 CAN ON Schedl 1932
C. quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) CAN BC AB ON QC
Genus Chlorocytus Graham, 1956
C. languriae (Ashmead, 1896) AK Burks 1979h
C. rhodobaeni (Ashmead, 1896) CAN Thompson 1958
Genus Coelopisthia Förster, 1856
C. fumosipennis Gahan 1909 CAN ON
C. suborbicularis (Provancher, 1881) CAN YT QC NB Provancher 1881
Genus Coruna Walker, 1833
C. clavata Walker, 1833 CAN AK BC AB MB ON QC NB NS
Genus Cratomus Dalman, 1820
C. leucophthalmus Ashmead, 1888 CAN ON Ashmead 1888
C. megacephalus (Fabricius, 1793) CAN BC ON NS
Genus Cryptoprymna Förster, 1856
Nearctic review and key – Heydon 1988a
C. atra (Walker, 1833) CAN BC ON QC NB
Genus Cyclogastrella Bukovskii, 1938
C. simplex (Walker, 1834) CAN ON
Genus Cyrtogaster Walker, 1833
C. britteni Askew, 1965 CAN MB ON QC
C. capitanea Heydon, 1989 CAN NT BC ON
C. reburra Heydon, 1989 CAN ON
C. trypherus (Walker, 1843) CAN YT NT BC ON QC
C. vulgaris Walker, 1833 CAN AK YT BC AB ON QC NB NS LB NF
Genus Dibrachys Förster, 1856
D. confusus (Girault, 1916) CAN YT NT BC AB SK MB ON NB
D. fuscicornis (Walker, 1836) CAN ON
D. hians Bouček, 1965 CAN BC
D. maculipennis Szelényi, 1957 CAN AB SK Peck 1969
D. microgastri (Bouché, 1834) CAN AK BC AB ON QC NB PE NS NF* Burks 1979h
D. relativus Doğanlar, 1987 CAN AB
Genus Diglochis Förster, 1856
D. occidentalis (Ashmead, 1896) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS
Genus Dimachus Thomson, 1878
D. cingulum (Nees, 1834) CAN BC
Genus Dinarmus Thomson, 1878
D. acutus (Thomson, 1878) CAN Rasplus 1989
D. basalis (Rondani, 1877) CAN QC
Genus Dinotiscus Ghesquière, 1946
D. aponius (Walker, 1848) CAN BC ON QC NS
D. colon (Linnaeus, 1758) CAN BC ON Essig 1926; Schedl 1932
D. dendroctoni (Ashmead, 1894) CAN BC AB ON QC
D. eupterus (Walker, 1836) CAN BC ON QC NB NS
D. thomsoni (Crawford, 1912) CAN BC NF
Genus Doganlaria Koçak & Kemal, 2008
D. daphne (Girault, 1917) CAN BC
Genus Endomychobius Ashmead, 1896
E. flavipes Ashmead, 1896 CAN QC
Genus Epipteromalus Ashmead, 1904
E. algonquinensis Ashmead, 1904 CAN ON
Genus Eulonchetron Graham, 1966
E. torymoides (Thomson, 1878) CAN AK NT AB ON QC Peck 1951
Genus Eumacepolus Graham, 1957
E. salicis Bouček, 1993 CAN MB ON
Genus Euneura Walker, 1844
E. lachni (Ashmead, 1887) CAN NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NF
E. sopolis (Walker, 1844) CAN AK BC SK MB ON QC NB
Genus Eurydinoteloides Girault, 1913
E. incerta (Ashmead, 1893) CAN AB SK ON
E. perdubia (Girault, 1916) CAN AB SK ON QC
Genus Gastracanthus Westwood, 1933
G. conicus (Girault, 1917) CAN AK BC MB ON QC NS
Genus Gbelcia Bouček, 1961
G. cordilurae Bouček, 1993 CAN QC Bouček 1993
Genus Grissellium Bouček, 1993
G. hirtulum Bouček, 1993 CAN ON QC Bouček 1993
Genus Guolina Heydon, 1994
G. psenophaga Heydon, 1994 CAN BC Heydon 1994
Genus Gyrinophagus Ruschka, 1914
G. aper (Walker, 1839) CAN SK ON QC NB
Genus Habritys Thomson, 1878
H. brevicornis (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN NT BC ON QC
H. latrus Wallace, 1954 CAN ON QC Burks 1979h
Genus Hemitrichus Thomson, 1878
H. seniculus (Nees, 1834) CAN ON QC Burks 1979h
Genus Hlavka Bouček, 1993
H. gibsoni Bouček, 1993 AK
Genus Homoporus Thomson, 1878
H. atriscapus (Gahan, 1927) CAN AB SK MB
H. destructor (Say, 1817) CAN BC MB ON QC PE Burks 1979h
H. febriculosus (Girault, 1917) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC PE NS
H. isosomatis (Ashmead, 1904) CAN AB SK ON QC NB NS
H. nypsius (Walker, 1839) CAN ON QC PE NS
Genus Huberina Bouček, 1993
H. betuleti Bouček, 1993 CAN NS
Genus Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 1900
H. inimicus Muesebeck, 1927 CAN MB ON QC NB NS Reeks and Smith 1956
H. percussor Girault, 1917 CAN BC ON
H. tabacum (Fitch, 1864) CAN ON QC NB PE Wood and Neilson 1957
Genus Jaliscoa Bouček, 1993
Revision – Gibson 2013
J. hunteri (Crawford, 1908) CAN ON
Genus Janssoniella Kerrich, 1957
J. caudata Kerrich, 1957 CAN BC
J. intermedia Hedqvist, 1968 CAN BC Hedqvist 1968
J. iskophila Heydon, 1997 CAN BC Heydon 1997
Genus Kaleva Graham, 1957
K. microps Bouček, 1993 CAN BC
Genus Kukua Bouček, 1993
K. clypeata Bouček, 1993 CAN ON
Genus Lariophagus Crawford, 1909
L. distinguendus (Förster, 1841) CAN BC MB ON QC NS
L. dryorhizoxeni (Ashmead, 1886) CAN ON
Genus Mazinawa Bouček, 1993
M. laticoxa Bouček, 1993 CAN ON
Genus Meraporus Walker, 1834
M. graminicola Walker, 1834 CAN BC
Genus Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833
M. aequus (Walker, 1834) CAN AB
M. bruchophagi (Gahan, 1917) CAN BC AB SK MB ON Burks 1979h
M. confusus (Ashmead, 1902) AK Ashmead 1902
M. diffinis (Walker, 1834) CAN YT
M. finlaysoni Doğanlar, 1979 CAN BC
M. gemellus Baur & Muller, 2007 CAN ON QC
M. longicaudae Doğanlar, 1979 CAN BC
M. moryoides Gibson, 2005 CAN BC AB SK ON QC
M. nobilis (Walker, 1834) CAN AB
M. subfumatus (Ratzeburg, 1852) CAN ON QC NB NS Peck 1963
M. tortricis (Brues, 1910) CAN BC MB ON QC NB
M. verditer (Norton, 1869) CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS Torgersen 1969
Genus Metacolus Förster, 1856
M. fasciatus Girault, 1917 CAN BC
Genus Metastenus Walker, 1834
M. townsendi (Ashmead, 1904) CAN ON
Genus Muscidifurax Girault & Sanders, 1910
M. raptor Girault & Sanders, 1910 CAN AB ON NB PE
M. raptorellus Kogan & Legner, 1970 CAN AB
M. zaraptor Kogan & Legner, 1970 CAN AB ON
Genus Nasonia Ashmead, 1904
Biosystematics – Darling and Werren 1990
N. giraulti Darling, 1990 CAN ON QC Savard 1995
N. longicornis Darling, 1990 CAN BC
N. vitripennis (Walker, 1836) CAN YT NT BC AB MB ON QC
Genus Norbanus Walker, 1843
N. scabriculus (Nees, 1834) CAN ON Baird 1941
Genus Notoglyptus Masi, 1917
World review – Heydon 1988b
N. luteicrus Heydon, 1988 CAN AB ON
N. scutellaris (Dodd & Girault, 1915) CAN MB ON Heydon 1989
Genus Ogloblinisca Hedqvist, 1968
O. americana Hedqvist, 1968 CAN BC ON NB
Genus Ottawita Bouček, 1993
O. masneri Bouček, 1993 CAN ON
Genus Oxysychus Delucchi, 1956
O. acanthocini (Ashmead, 1887) CAN QC Beaulne 1953
O. facialis (Provancher, 1887) CAN SK ON QC
Genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 1904
P. vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) CAN BC ON
Genus Pachyneuron Walker, 1833
P. albutius Walker, 1843 CAN YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON QC
P. altiscuta Howard, 1884 CAN AB SK MB ON QC NB Brown and Clark 1956
P. aphidis (Bouché, 1834) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB Wylie and Bisdee 1987
P. californicum Girault, 1917 CAN BC
P. eros Girault, 1917 CAN BC Proverbs 1957
P. formosum Walker, 1833 CAN BC
P. groenlandicum (Holmgren, 1872) GL Baur 2005
P. validum Waterston, 1923 CAN Thompson 1958
Genus Panstenon Walker, 1839
P. poaphilum Heydon, 1992 CAN AB MB Heydon and Bouček 1992
Genus Paracarotomus Ashmead, 1894
P. cephalotes Ashmead, 1894 CAN BC
Genus Peridesmia Förster, 1856
P. discus (Walker, 1835) CAN NB
Genus Perniphora Ruschka, 1923
P. americana Miller, 1965 CAN NB
P. robusta Ruschka, 1923 CAN BC
Genus Platygerrhus Thomson, 1878
P. algonquinius (Girault, 1917) CAN SK ON QC Burks 1979h
P. americanus Hedqvist, 1968 CAN AK BC Burks 1979h
P. columbianus (Ashmead, 1896) CAN ON
Genus Plutothrix Förster, 1856
P. acuminata (Thomson, 1878) CAN ON
P. ascita Heydon, 1997 CAN ON
P. ceonotalis Heydon, 1997 CAN QC
P. glareosa Heydon, 1997 CAN SK ON QC
P. pilosiclava Heydon, 1997 CAN YT MB ON QC
P. smithi Heydon, 1997 CAN NT ON QC NB
P. ungutta (Girault, 1917) CAN ON QC NB
P. unguttella Heydon, 1997 CAN ON QC Heydon 1997
Genus Polstonia Heydon, 1988
P. pelagocorypha Heydon, 1988 CAN AB SK QC NB Heydon 1988
P. quadriplana Heydon, 1988 CAN NU BC ON QC NB NS
Genus Psilocera Walker, 1843
P. rufipes (Ashmead, 1896) CAN ON QC
Genus Psilonotus Walker, 1834
P. achaeus Walker, 1848 CAN AB ON
Genus Psychophagus Mayr, 1904
P. omnivorus (Walker, 1835) CAN ON QC NB NS
Genus Pteromalus Swederus, 1795
P. acutiventris (Peck, 1951) CAN QC Provancher 1881
P. anthonomi (Ashmead, 1893) CAN BC AB SK ON
P. apum (Retzius, 1783) CAN AB MB ON Hobbs 1968; Jay and Mohr 1987
P. bedeguaris (Thomson, 1878) CAN BC AB SK MB ON Cockerell 1926
P. brittanicus (Girault, 1926) CAN BC Girault 1926
P. cassotis Walker, 1847 CAN BC SK MB ON QC NB
P. cerealellae (Ashmead, 1902) CAN AK QC NB Burks 1979h
P. coeruleiventris (Ashmead, 1888) CAN AB MB ON NS
P. cyniphidis (Linnaeus, 1758) AK Viereck 1923
P. egregius Förster, 1841 CAN Thompson 1958
P. elevatus (Walker, 1834) CAN NB NS NF
P. eurymi Gahan, 1913 CAN AB
P. fuscipes (Provancher, 1881) CAN QC Provancher 1881
P. gallicolus Doğanlar, 1980 CAN BC
P. grisselli Gibson 2013 CAN YT ON
P. melanicrus (Provancher, 1881) CAN QC Provancher 1881
P. microps (Graham, 1969) CAN BC AB
P. onerati Fitch, 1859 CAN ON Burks 1979h
P. phycidis (Ashmead, 1898) CAN BC SK ON QC NB PE NS
P. platyphilus Walker, 1874 CAN YT ON QC
P. puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS NF Beaulne 1940
P. rosae (Girault, 1917) CAN BC AB Peck 1951
P. semotus (Walker, 1834) CAN SK
P. sequester Walker, 1835 CAN AB SK MB ON
P. thyridopterigis Howard, 1897 CAN BC ON Waddell 1952
P. venustus Statz, 1938 CAN AB SK MB ON
Genus Rhaphitelus Walker, 1934
R. maculatus Walker, 1934 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC NS
Genus Rhopalicus Förster, 1856
R. pallipes Provancher, 1888 CAN QC NF Provancher 1888
R. pulchripennis (Crawford, 1912) CAN BC MB ON QC NB NF
R. tutela (Walker, 1836) CAN BC ON QC NB NF Bright 1996, Langor and Raske 1988
Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, 1848
R. brevicornis Thomson, 1878 CAN BC AB
R. xylophagorum (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN AK NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NS NF Bright 1996, Langor and Raske 1988
Genus Sceptrothelys Graham, 1956
S. deione (Walker, 1839) CAN BC SK ON QC PE NS
S. grandiclava (Walker, 1835) CAN ON
S. parviclava Graham, 1969 CAN ON NS
Genus Schizonotus Ratzeburg, 1852
S. latus (Walker, 1835) CAN AB ON QC
S. rotundiventris (Girault, 1917) CAN Thompson 1958
S. sieboldi (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN SK ON QC
Genus Sisyridivora Gahan, 1951
S. cavigena Gahan, 1951 CAN ON QC
Genus Spaniopus Walker, 1833
S. dissimilis Walker, 1833 CAN ON NS Gahan 1933
Genus Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811
S. aurata (Ashmead, 1904) CAN AB SK MB ON NB
S. conchyliatus Heydon, 1988 CAN AB SK
S. cracentis Heydon & LaBerge, 1988 CAN NT ON QC NS Heydon and LaBerge 1988
S. euryepomis Heydon & LaBerge, 1988 CAN BC
S. grisselli Heydon, 1992 CAN ON QC
S. pallicornis (Spinola, 1808) CAN BC McLeod 1954
S. salicinus Heydon & LaBerge, 1988 CAN NT AB ON QC
Genus Stenetra Masi, 1931
S. miyazakii Tselikh & Burks, 2020 CAN QC
Genus Stenomalina Ghesquière, 1946
S. gracilis (Walker, 1934) CAN BC
Genus Stinoplus Thomson, 1878
S. etearchus (Walker, 1848) CAN AB SK ON
Genus Syntomopus Walker, 1833
S. americanus Ashmead, 1895 CAN YT AB MB ON QC NB NS
Genus Systellogaster Gahan, 1917
S. ovivora Gahan, 1917 CAN ON QC Burks 1979h
Genus Tomicobia Ashmead, 1899
T. tibialis Ashmead, 1904 CAN BC AB SK QC
Genus Toxeuma Walker, 1833
T. aciculare Heydon, 1988 CAN BC ON QC NB
T. aquilonium Heydon, 1988 CAN AK BC AB SK ON QC Heydon and Grissell 1988
T. gerra Heydon, 1988 CAN NS
T. inopinum Heydon, 1988 CAN BC AB
Genus Toxeumelloides Girault, 1913
T. cavigena Bouček, 1993 CAN ON
Genus Trichomalopsis Crawford, 1913
T. americana (Gahan, 1933) CAN AB SK MB NB PE NS
T. dubia (Ashmead, 1896) CAN YT BC AB SK MB ON QC
T. fucicola (Walker, 1835) GL Baur 2005
T. hemiptera (Walker, 1835) CAN BC ON NB NS BC-McLeod 1951; NB,NS-Reeks and Smith 1956
T. peregrina (Graham, 1969) CAN BC ON QC Burks 1979h
T. sarcophagae (Gahan, 1914) CAN AB SK MB
T. subapterus (Riley, 1885) CAN ON QC NB PE Fletcher 1890
T. tachinae (Gahan, 1917) CAN ON QC Gibson and Floate 2001
T. viridascens (Walsh, 1861) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB NS Gibson and Floate 2001
Genus Trichomalus Thomson, 1878
T. lucidus (Walker, 1835) CAN BC AB SK ON QC
T. perfectus (Walker, 1835) CAN ON QC
Genus Trimeromicrus Gahan, 1914
T. maculatus Gahan, 1914 CAN BC AB SK ON QC
Genus Tritneptis Girault, 1908
T. affinis (Nees, 1834) CAN Graham 1969
T. diprionis Gahan, 1938 CAN ON QC
T. hemerocampae Girault, 1908 CAN BC ON QC NB PE NS Burks 1979h
T. klugii (Ratzeburg, 1844) CAN AK BC SK MB ON QC NB NS AK-Richmond et al. 1995; SK-Baird 1949; MB-Baird 1948; NB,NS-Peck 1963
T. scutellata (Muesebeck, 1927) CAN ON
Genus Urolepis Walker, 1846
World review – Gibson 2000
U. maritima (Walker, 1834) CAN AK AB QC Gibson 2000
U. rufipes (Ashmead, 1896) CAN BC AB MB ON NB PE Noronha et al. 2007
Genus Vrestovia Bouček, 1961
V. brevior Bouček, 1993 CAN BC AB SK ON QC NB
Genus Xiphydriophagus Ferrière, 1952
X. meyerinckii (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN ON QC
Genus Zdenekiana Huggert, 1976
Z. squama Huggert, 1979 CAN QC
SUBFAMILY SPALANGIINAE
New World revision – Gibson 2009
Genus Spalangia Latreille, 1805
S. alyxia Gibson, 2009 CAN AB
S. cameroni Perkins, 1910 CAN AB ON NB PE Gibson 2009
S. drosophilae Ashmead, 1887 CAN BC AB MB ON QC NS Burks 1979h
S. endius Walker, 1839 CAN AB ON QC
S. erythromera Förster, 1850 CAN AK BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE
S. gemina Bouček, 1963 CAN AB
S. haematobiae Ashmead, 1894 CAN BC AB ON QC NB PE
S. nigra Latreille, 1805 CAN BC AB ON QC NB
S. nigroaenea Curtis, 1839 CAN BC AB ON NB BC,NB-Burks 1979h; AB-Gibson 2009
S. nigroides Gibson, 2009 CAN ON QC
S. subpunctata Förster, 1850 CAN AB ON QC NB PE Gibson 2009
SUBFAMILY UNDETERMINED
Genus Erixestus Crawford, 1910
E. winnemana Crawford, 1910 CAN SK MB ON QC
FAMILY SIGNIPHORIDAE
Nearctic generic keys – Woolley 1988, 1990, 1997b; Nearctic catalogue – Gordh 1979b
Genus Signiphora Ashmead, 1880
Key to species groups – Woolley 1988, S. flavopalliata species group – Woolley and Dal Molin 2017
S. pulchra Girault, 1913 CAN ON
FAMILY TETRACAMPIDAE
Nearctic key to genera – Bouček 1993; Nearctic generic key – Bouček 1997b; World catalogue – Bouček 1958
SUBFAMILY PLATYNOCHEILINAE
Genus Platynocheilus Westwood, 1837
Holarctic key – Bouček 1993
P. aeneus Bouček, 1993 CAN AB ON
SUBFAMILY TETRACAMPINAE
Genus Dipriocampe Bouček, 1957
World key – Ferrière 1935
D. diprioni (Ferrière, 1935) CAN ON QC NB Baird 1938
Genus Epiclerus Haliday, 1844
New World revision – Yoshimoto 1978
E. acutus Bouček, 1993 CAN ON QC
E. nearcticus Yoshimoto, 1978 CAN ON QC
FAMILY TORYMIDAE
Nearctic generic key – Grissell 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Grissell 1979; world catalogue and key to bee parasitoids – Grissell 2007; family group reclassification – Janšta et al. 2018
SUBFAMILY GLYPHOMERINAE
Genus Glyphomerus Förster, 1856
G. stigma (Fabricius, 1793) CAN AK YT NT BC AB SK MB ON QC Provancher 1881
SUBFAMILY MICRODONTOMERINAE
Genus Eridontomerus Crawford, 1907
E. biroi Ruschka, 1923 CAN AB ON Janšta et al. 2018
Genus Idiomacromerus Crawford, 1914
I. perplexus (Gahan, 1914) CAN AB Richards and Hanna 1982
I. terebrator (Masi, 1916) CAN ON
Genus Microdontomerus Crawford, 1907
M. anthonomi (Crawford, 1907) CAN BC
SUBFAMILY MONODONTOMERINAE
Genus Monodontomerus Westwood, 1833
New World revision – Grissell 2000; World revision – Gahan 1941
M. aeneus (Fonscolombe, 1832) CAN BC ON
M. aereus Walker, 1834 CAN NS
M. bakeri Gahan, 1941 CAN BC AB Grissell 1995
M. dentipes (Dalman, 1820) CAN MB ON QC NB Baird 1941; Baird 1938
M. mandibularis Gahan, 1941 CAN SK QC
M. menticle Grissell, 2000 CAN AB
M. minor (Ratzeburg, 1848) CAN BC ON NB Coppel 1951
M. montivagus Ashmead, 1890 CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC
M. obscurus Westwood, 1833 CAN AB ON Hobbs 1968
M. osmiae Kamijo, 1963 CAN BC
M. parkeri Grissell, 2000 CAN AB
M. torchioi Grissell, 2000 CAN BC QC
M. viridiscapus Gahan, 1941 CAN BC Grissell 2000
Genus Zaglyptonotus Crawford, 1914
Z. mississippiensis Breland, 1938 CAN AB SK Sharkey et al. 1987
Genus Zdenekius Grissell, 1993
Nearctic revision – Grissell (1993)
Z. smithi Grissell, 1993 CAN ON QC NB Grissell 1993
SUBFAMILY TORYMINAE
Genus Diomorus Walker, 1834
D. viridis (Provancher, 1887) CAN QC Provancher 1887
Genus Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921
P. lazulellus (Ashmead, 1890) CAN BC AB ON QC NB PE NS NF
Genus Torymus Dalman, 1820
Holarctic partial key – Grissell et al. 2004; updated key to T. fullaway species group – Grissell 1992; western Nearctic revision – Grissell 1976; Nearctic review – Huber 1927
T. advenus (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN ON QC
T. aereus (Huber, 1927) CAN ON
T. alaskensis (Huber, 1927) AK Huber 1927
T. bedeguaris (Linnaeus, 1758) CAN YT NT BC AB MB ON QC NB NS
T. bicoloratus (Huber, 1927) CAN BC
T. biorhizae (Ashmead, 1887) CAN ON Ashmead 1887
T. brodiei (Ashmead, 1887) CAN ON Ashmead 1887
T. bruesi (Huber, 1927) CAN BC MB ON NB
T. capillaceus (Huber, 1927) CAN ON
T. capitis (Huber, 1927) CAN ON QC
T. cecidomyae (Walker, 1844) CAN AB ON QC Grissell 1979
T. chrysochlorus (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN BC AB SK MB ON NS
T. citripes (Huber, 1927) CAN BC ON Santiago-Blay 1989
T. coccineus (Huber, 1927) CAN ON
T. duplicatus (Huber, 1927) CAN BC ON QC Beaulne 1949
T. elegantissimus (Ashmead, 1881) CAN ON Walker 1913
T. fagopirum (Provancher, 1881) CAN BC AB ON QC NB PE Provancher 1881
T. festivus Hobbs, 1950 CAN AK NT MB Grissell 1976
T. flavicoxa (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC Grissell 1976
T. fulvus (Huber, 1927) CAN MB ON QC
T. helianthi (Brodie, 1894) CAN ON Brodie 1894
T. hircinus Ashmead, 1894 CAN ON
T. longior Brodie, 1894 CAN ON Brodie 1894
T. longistigmus (Huber, 1927) CAN BC AB SK MB ON QC
T. magnificus (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN BC ON
T. missouriensis (Huber, 1927) CAN BC SK ON QC
T. nitidulus (Walker, 1833) CAN ON
T. pseudotsugae Hobbs, 2004 CAN BC Grissell et al. 2004
T. rudbeckiae Ashmead, 1890 CAN MB ON Peck 1963
T. scalaris (Huber, 1927) CAN ON
T. solitarius (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN BC AB ON
T. splendens (Provancher, 1887) CAN BC SK MB ON Huber 1927; Janšta et al. 2018
T. splendidulus Dalla Torre, 1898 CAN ON Walker 1844
T. thalassinus (Crosby, 1908) CAN BC AB QC
T. thompsoni Fyles, 1904 CAN QC Fyles 1904
T. tubicola (Osten-Sacken, 1870) CAN YT BC AB MB ON QC
T. varians (Walker, 1833) CAN BC AB MB ON QC NB NS Peck 1963
T. zabriskii (Cresson, 1878) CAN BC
FAMILY TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE
New World generic review – Pinto 2006; Nearctic generic key – Pinto 1997; Nearctic catalogue – Burks 1979i
SUBFAMILY OLIGOSITINAE
Genus Aphelinoidea Girault, 1911
Review of Palaearctic species including A. neomexicana Girault, 1915 – Triapitsyn 2018
A. neomexicana (Girault, 1915) CAN YT AB Triapitsyn 2018
Genus Doirania Waterston, 1928
World review and key – Pinto 2004
D. elegans Pinto, 2004 CAN ON Pinto 2004
Genus Ittys Girault, 1911
I. ceresarum (Ashmead, 1888) CAN NS Brittain 1917
Genus Lathromeroidea Girault, 1912
L. gerriphaga Pinto, 2006 CAN AB
Genus Ufens Girault, 1911
World revision – Owen 2011
U. niger (Ashmead, 1888) CAN AB MB Owen 2011
U. simplipenis Owen, 2011 CAN NT AB Owen 2011
SUBFAMILY TRICHOGRAMMATINAE
Genus Hydrophylita Ghesquière, 1946
Key to species – Querino and Pinto 2007
H. aquivolans (Matheson & Crosby, 1912) CAN ON
Genus Pintoa Viggiani, 1988
P. nearctica Viggiani, 1988 CAN ON QC Viggiani 1988; Pinto 2006
Genus Soikiella Novicki, 1934
World key – Velten and Pinto 1990
S. occidentalis Velten & Pinto, 1990 CAN BC AB Pinto 2006
Genus Trichogramma Westwood, 1833
Nearctic revision and key – Pinto 1999
T. acutovirilia Pinto, 1999 CAN QC Pinto 1999
T. alpha Pinto, 1999 CAN MB ON QC PE Pinto 1999
T. arcanum Pinto, 1999 CAN ON
T. aurosum Sugonjaev & Sorokina, 1976 CAN AK BC AB ON QC Pinto 1999
T. ballmeri Pinto, 1999 CAN AB Pinto 1999
T. brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 CAN AB QC Yu and Byers 1994
T. canadense Pinto, 1999 CAN ON QC Pinto 1999
T. deion Pinto & Oatman, 1986 CAN BC Pinto 1999
T. evanescens Westwood, 1833 CAN BC QC Fournier and Boivin 2000
T. exiguum Pinto & Platner, 1978 CAN QC Pinto 1999
T. fasciatum (Perkins, 1912) CAN BC Pinto 1999
T. inyoense Pinto & Oatman, 1985 CAN AK SK ON QC NB Pinto 1999
T. japonicum Ashmead, 1904 CAN ON Pinto 1999
T. julianoi Platner & Oatman, 1981 CAN ON Pinto 1999
T. marylandense Thorpe, 1982 CAN ON Pinto 1999
T. minutum Riley, 1871 CAN AK BC MB ON QC NB NS Torgersen 1970; Pinto 1999
T. nemesis Pinto, 1999 CAN MB QC Pinto 1999
T. nomlaki Pinto & Oatman, 1985 CAN AB Pinto 1999
T. parkeri Nagarkatti, 1975 CAN BC ON NB Pinto 1999
T. pintoi Voegele, 1982 CAN YT NT BC AB Pinto 1999
T. platneri Nagarkatti, 1975 CAN BC Pinto 1999
T. pretiosum Riley, 1879 CAN BC ON QC NS Pinto 1999; Fournier and Boivin 2000; Neil and Specht 1990
T. retorridum (Girault, 1911) CAN BC MB ON Pinto 1999
T. semblidis (Aurivillius, 1898) CAN AK BC AB MB ON Pinto 1999
T. sibiricum Sorokina, 1980 CAN BC Pinto 1999
Genus Trichogrammatomyia Girault, 1916
T. tortricis Girault, 1916 CAN ON QC NB Girault 1916, Peck 1951
SUPERFAMILY MYMAROMMATOIDEA
FAMILY MYMAROMMATIDAE
World generic key – Gibson et al. 2007
Genus Mymaromella Girault, 1931
World species key – Huber et al. 2008
M. pala Huber & Gibson, 2008 CAN ON
M. palella Huber & Gibson, 2008 CAN ON QC NB

Two species of Mymarommatoidea are recorded, one known only from Ontario, and one from Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick (see bottom of Table 2). The latter species (Mymaromella pala Huber and Gibson) has also been collected from Montana, USA (Hatten et al. 2011), so it is likely that future collecting in central and western Canada will reveal its presence there as well. This further illustrates the work still needed to obtain reliable records of the species and their distributions in Canada and the rest of North America.

In terms of species richness by distributional area, the political region with the highest recorded number of species of Chalcidoidea is Ontario (852, 68.4% of 1246 species), followed by Quebec (566, 45.4%) and British Columbia (440, 35.3%) (Fig. 1 and Table 1). The greater relative species richness in these areas is certainly strongly influenced by higher sampling effort compared to more northern or central regions (Langor 2019). Despite this bias, higher species diversity is expected in these three provinces relative to most other regions because of the higher number of ecozones and habitats, compared to more northern areas (Scudder 1979).

Figure 1. 

Map of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon showing number of described, recorded Chalcidoidea species and percentage of total species for each region. Canada is comprised of all regions except for Alaska, Greenland, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon. See the Presentation of data section under Methods for the acronyms of the regions treated in the checklist.

Figures 2–7. 

2 Aphelinus sp. (Aphelinidae), Clear Creek, ON 3 Conura sp. (Chalcididae), near St. Williams, ON 4 Anusia nasicornis (Encyrtidae), near Marmora, ON. This is the most recent record of an Old World genus and species in the New World, identified by J. Noyes in October, 2019 5 Eulophus sp. (Eulophidae), Fergus, ON 6 Eupelmus messene (Eupelmidae) drinking from a water droplet, Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, ON. Until recently, misidentified as the common, polyphagous species E. vesicularis; the latter now recorded only from the Old World 7 Eurytoma gigantea (Eurytomidae), Fergus, ON. Photos courtesy of S. Marshall.

In total, 235 new species records of Chalcidoidea are reported for Canada, which represents 19.4% of the total number of described species recorded. The number of new Canadian species records by family is shown in Table 1 (in parentheses following the Canada totals). The checklist includes 53 new generic records for Canada (those for which the only Canadian records are shown in boldface in Table 2). All families in our checklist were previously recorded from Canada, although some, like Azotidae (see Heraty et al. 2013) and Megastigmidae (see Janšta et al. 2018), were not recognized as families in previous catalogues (e.g., chapters in Krombein et al. 1979), whereas some other previously recognized families have been subsumed within others, e.g., Elasmidae is now classified as part of Eulophidae (Gauthier et al. 2000). For Alaska, there were 41 new species records (36.3% of the total), 22 new generic records and the families Chalcididae and Eurytomidae are also newly recorded. There were no new records for Greenland.

The distributions given by province and territory for Canada, the state of Alaska for USA, and Greenland must be accepted with caution. Records taken from the literature, particularly pre-1980 records, could be based on misidentifications because of the difficulty in identifying all taxa reliably to species when fewer workable species keys existed. Although Yoshimoto (1984) provided a key to the families and some subfamilies of Chalcidoidea from Canada, a comprehensive key to the genera of the Nearctic region did not exist prior to 1997 (Gibson et al. 1997). The superfamily is so diverse and speciose, even in the relatively cold, mid-to-high latitude region encompassed by our checklist, that the relatively few authorities available, in the past or now, simply could not correctly identify every specimen encountered. In preparing our checklist, there was no time or sufficient expertise for exhaustive study of all specimens from various localities in Canada and comparison with previously identified CNC specimens, which may or may not have been authoritatively and correctly identified in the first place. As often occurs, cataloguing efforts greatly outpace production of taxonomic revisions, including comparative descriptions and comprehensive identification keys to genera or species. Yet, once published, past identifications are the basis of the names and distributions presented in our checklist and had to be included even if some are wrong. Nevertheless, this checklist is our best summary of the current state of knowledge. It provides baseline data for future studies on the taxonomy, natural history and distribution of chalcidoids and will be useful to more applied fields such as the biological control of insect pests.

Figures 8–13. 

8 Sycophila sp. (Eurytomidae), near Elora, ON 9 Leucospis affinis (Leucospidae) sipping nectar, Ojibway Prairie, ON 10 Lymaenon sp. (Mymaridae) drinking from a water droplet, Fergus, ON 11 Perilampus hyalinus (Perilampidae), Cedar Creek, ON 12 unidentified genus (Pteromalidae), Belwood, ON 13 Idiomacromerus sp. (Torymidae), Ojibway Prairie, ON. Photos courtesy of S. Marshall.

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the willingness of J.B. Woolley (retired, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA), J.S. Noyes (retired, Natural History Museum, London, UK), C. Hansson (retired, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden), P. Janšta (Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic), and M. Mitroiu (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania) for reviewing the species lists for Aphelinus Dalman, Signiphoridae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Torymidae and Pteromalidae, respectively, and making corrections. The hard work of R. Fairchild who compiled the original working list of names based on specimens of Chalcidoidea in the CNC, many summer students, D. Barnes (retired, AAFC Ottawa), E. Maw (retired, AAFC Ottawa) and a contract worker, S. Juneja, who helped compile data from the literature and UCD over the past decade, is greatly appreciated. Many thanks go to A. Bass (AAFC) for checking data and references, and transforming and uploading the dataset to GBIF. Thanks also go to M. Buck (PMAE) and C. Sheffield (RSKM) for providing new records. S. Triapitsyn (University of California, Riverside, USA) and L. Fusu (Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iaşi, Romania) are thanked for reviewing the manuscript and providing useful comments. H. Savina (Toulouse) provided helpful advice regarding accessing the TAXREF database. Finally, S. Marshall (retired, University of Guelph, Canada) is acknowledged and greatly thanked for providing the 12 photographs of live specimens.

References

  • Andrews RJ, Geitslinger NJ (1969) Parasites of the larch casebearer Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), in British Columbia (LepidopteraColeophoridae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 66: 50–51. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47092799
  • Annecke DP, Doutt RL (1961) The genera of the Mymaridae Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Union of South Africa Department of Agriculture Entomology Memoirs 5: 1–71.
  • Argaman Q (1990) A synopsis of Perilampus Latreille with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), I. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 36: 189–263. http://real-j.mtak.hu/4315/
  • Argaman Q (1991) A synopsis of Perilampus Latreille with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), II. Acta Zoologica Hungarica 37: 1–19. http://real-j.mtak.hu/4316/
  • Arthur AP (1962) A skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and its parasites in Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist 94: 1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent941082-10
  • Ashmead WH (1887) Studies on the North American Chalcididae, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 183–203. https://doi.org/10.2307/25076489
  • Askew RR (1971) Parasitic Insects. Heinemann, London, 316 pp.
  • Baird AB (1938) Summary of insect parasites and predators liberated in Canada. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 16: 77–154.
  • Baird AB (1939) Summary of parasite liberations in Canada during 1938. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 17: 102–128.
  • Baird AB (1940) Summary of parasites and predators liberated in Canada and Newfoundland 1939. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 18(1): 94–126.
  • Baird AB (1941) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada and Newfoundland in 1940. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 19(1): 94–125.
  • Baird AB (1942) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada in 1941. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 20(1): 112–135.
  • Baird AB (1946) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada in 1945. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 24(1): 134–152.
  • Baird AB (1947) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada in 1946. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 25(3) Supplement: 180–201.
  • Baird AB (1948) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada in 1948. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 26(8): 280–297.
  • Baird AB (1949) Summary of parasite and predator liberations in Canada in 1948. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 27(8): 266–289.
  • Baur H (2005) A review of the Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Greenland. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae 69: 23–34.
  • Beaulne JI (1935) The asparagus beetles. Annual Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants 27: 57–60.
  • Beaulne JI (1940) Notes on some recent additions to the insect collections of the Quebec Plant Protection Service. The Canadian Entomologist 72: 61–62. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent7261-3
  • Beaulne JI (1949) Notes sur quelques prédateurs et parasites d’importance économique. Annual Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants 30: 206–209.
  • Beaulne JI (1953) Amis et ennemis des cultures. Annual Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants 32–33: 194–197.
  • Belokobylskij SA, Samartsev KG, Il’inskaya AS [Eds] (2019) Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Volume II, Apocrita: Parasitica. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Supplement 8: 1–594. https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2019.supl.8.5
  • Bennett AMR (2021a) Checklists of the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland – Introduction. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.82.60054
  • Bennett AMR (2021b) Checklist of the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Checklist dataset. https://doi.org/10.5886/4piso5 [accessed via GBIF.org on 12 March 2021]
  • Böcher J, Kristensen NP, Pape T, Vilhelmsen L (2015) The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden, 881 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004261051
  • Bouček Z (1958) Revision der europäischen Tetracampidae (Hym. Chalcidoidea) mit einem Katalog der Arten der Welt. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 32: 41–90.
  • Bouček Z (1978) A generic key to Perilampinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a revision of Krombeinius n. gen. and Euperilampus Walker. Insect Systematics & Evolution 9: 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631278X00340
  • Bouček Z (1992) The New World genera of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 53: 49–117.
  • Bright DE (1996) Notes on native parasitoids and predators of the larger pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus) in the Niagara region of Canada (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 127: 57–62. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43453997
  • Brown NR, Clark RC (1956) Studies of predators of the basalm woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) II. An annotated list of the predators associated with the basalm woolly aphid in eastern Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 88: 678–683. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent88678-12
  • Bugbee RE (1951) New and described parasites of the genus Eurytoma Illiger from rose galls caused by species of the cynipid genus Diplolepis Geoffrey (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 44: 213–261. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/44.2.213
  • Bugbee RE (1958) A new species of Eurytoma Illiger, parasitic on the nantucket pine moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) and the European pine shoot moth, R. buoliana (Schiffermuller) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae; Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 31: 197–200. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25082295
  • Bugbee RE (1970) Descriptions of two new species from Euura galls and redescriptions of three Ashmead species of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63: 433–437. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/63.2.433
  • Bugbee RE (1975) New species of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) from galls on Rubus and Chrysothamnus. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 48: 580–584. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078490
  • Buhl PN (1997) Microhymenoptera from Zackenberg, north east Greenland: (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Cynipoidea and Ceraphronoidea). Entomologiske Meddelelser 65: 161–164.
  • Burden DJ, Hart ER (1994) Parasitoids associated with Chionaspis pinifoliae and Chionaspis heterophyllae (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 66: 383–391. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25085467
  • Burks BD (1943) The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetrastichus – a contribution to biological control of insect pests. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 93: 505–608. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.93-3170.505
  • Burks BD (1958) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein KV (Ed.) Hymenoptera of America [North of Mexico Synoptic Catalog (Agriculture Monograph No. 2) First Supplement]. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, 62–84. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41453358
  • Burks BD (1959) The North American species of Trigonura (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 52: 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/52.1.75
  • Burks BD (1960) A revision of the genus Brachymeria Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 86: 225–273. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25077805
  • Burks BD (1967a) The North American species of Anastatus Motschulsky (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of America 93: 423–431. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25077943
  • Burks BD (1967b) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein KV, Burks BD (Eds) Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico – Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture monograph No. 2. (second supplement). United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, 213–282. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.63670
  • Burks BD (1971) A synopsis of the genera of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Transactions of the Entomological Society of America 97: 1–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078007
  • Burks BD (1975) The species of Chalcidoidea described from North America north of Mexico by Francis Walker (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 32: 1–170. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40998974
  • Burks BD (1979a) Chalcididae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 860–874. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144826
  • Burks BD (1979b) Eucharitidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 875–878. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144791
  • Burks BD (1979c) Eulophidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 967–1022. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144841
  • Burks BD (1979d) Eupelmidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 878–889. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144794
  • Burks BD (1979e) Eurytomidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 835–860. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144645
  • Burks BD (1979f) Leucospididae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 874–875. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144790
  • Burks BD (1979g) Mymaridae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1022–1033. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144831
  • Burks BD (1979h) Pteromalidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 768–835. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144566
  • Burks BD (1979i) Trichogrammatidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1033–1043. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144951
  • Burks RA, Heraty JM (2020) First described fossil representatives of the parasitoid wasp taxa Asaphesinae n. n. and Eunotinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae sensu lato) from Eocene Baltic amber. Journal of Natural History 54: 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1747653
  • Cappuccino N, Haye T, Tewksbury L, Casagrande R (2013) Ch. 29. Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli), lily leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In: Mason PG, Gillespie DR (Eds) Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012. CABI, Wallingford, 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780642574.0000
  • Chiappini E, Triapitsyn SV (1999) Redescription of Anagrus avalae Soyka (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with new synonymies. Frustula Entomologica 20: 119–126.
  • Chiappini E, Triapitsyn SV, Donev A (1996) Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa. Journal of Natural History 30: 551–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600770301
  • Coppel HC (1951) Effects of super, multi-, and hyper-parasitism on the abundance of Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohw. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) a primary parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annual Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants 32, 33: 189–193.
  • Cresson ET (1872) Synopsis of the North American species belonging to the genera Leucopsis, Smicra, and Chalcis. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 4: 29–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/25076262
  • Cruaud A, Delvare G, Nidelet S, Sauné L, Ratnasingham S, Chartois M, Blaimer BB, Gates M, Brady SG, Faure S, van Noort S, Rossi J-P, Rasplus J-Y (2021) Ultra‐Conserved Elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Cladistics 37(1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12416
  • Cumming MEP (1953) Notes on the life history and seasonal development of the pine needle scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Diaspididae: Homoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 85: 347–352. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent85347-9
  • Dale-Skey N, Askew RR, Noyes JS, Livermore L, Broad GR (2016) Checklist of British and Irish HymenopteraChalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013
  • Darling DC (1983) A review of the New World species of Euperilampus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with notes about host associations and phylogenetic relationships. Quaestiones Entomologicae 19: 1–40. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51219553
  • Darling DC (1991) Revision of the world species of Spalangiopelta (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Ceinae). Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions 155: 1–43. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.53481
  • Darling DC, Werren JH (1990) Biosystematics of Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): two new species reared from birds' nests in North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of North America 83(3): 352–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/83.3.352
  • Delvare G (1992) A reclassification of the Chalcidini with a checklist of the New World species. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 53: 119–466.
  • Delvare G, Gebiola M, Zeiri A, Garonna AP (2014) Revision and phylogeny of the European species of the Eurytoma morio species group (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitoides of bark and wood boring beetles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 370–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12134
  • Digweed SC (1998) Mortality of birch leaf-mining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): Impacts of natural enemies on introduced pests. Environmental Entomology 27: 1357–1367. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.6.1357
  • Doane JF, DeClerck-Floate R, Arthur AP (1989) Description of the life stages of Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist 121: 1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1211041-12
  • Eidt DB, Sippell WL (1961) The life history, parasites, and economic status of the larch shoot moth, Argyresthia laricella Kft. (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), and comparisons with A. laevigatella H.-S. The Canadian Entomologist 93: 7–24. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent937-1
  • Essig EO (1926) Insects and mites of western North America. Macmillan, New York, 1035 pp.
  • Fournier F, Boivin B (2000) Comparative dispersal of Trichogramma evanescens and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in relation to environmental conditions. Environmental Entomology 29: 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.1.55
  • Fry JM (1989) Natural enemy databank, 1987. A catalogue of natural enemies of arthropods derived from records in the CIBC Natural Enemy Databank. CAB International, Wallingford, 185 pp.
  • Gahan AB (1933) The serphoid and chalcidoid parasites of the hessian fly. United States Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 174: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65338
  • Gahan AB (1943) Revisions of two genera of chalcid-flies belonging to the family Eupelmidae from North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 94: 339–369. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.94-3173.339
  • Gahan AB, Rohwer SA (1917) Lectotypes of the species of Hymenoptera (except Apoidea) described by Abbé Provancher. The Canadian Entomologist 49: 391–399. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent49391-11
  • Gargominy O, Tercerie S, Régnier C, Dupont P, Daszkiewicz P, Léotard G, Antonetti P, Ramage T, Vandel E, Petitteville M, Leblond S, Idczak L, Boullet V, Denys G, De Massary JC, Lévêque A, Jourdan H, Rome Q, Dusoulier F, Touroult J, Savouré-Soubelet A, Barbut J, Canard A, Simian G, Le Divelec R, Haffner P, Meyer C, Van Es J, Poncet R, Demerges D, Mehran B, Horellou A, Moulin N, Ah-Peng C, Bernard J-F, Caesar M, Comolet-Tirman J, Courtecuisse R, Delfosse E, Dewynter M, Hugonnot V, Kondratyeva A, Lavocat Bernard E, Lebouvier M, Lebreton E, Malécot V, Moreau PA, Muller S, Noblecourt T, Pellens R, Robbert Gradstein S, Rodrigues C, Rouhan G, Véron S (2020) TAXREF v14.0, référentiel taxonomique pour la France. UMS PatriNat, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Archive de téléchargement contenant 8 fichiers. https://inpn.mnhn.fr/telechargement/referentielEspece/taxref/14.0/menu
  • Gariepy TD, Haye T, Zhang J (2014) A molecular diagnostic tool for the preliminary assessment of host-parasitoid associations in biological control programmes for a new invasive pest. Molecular Ecology 23: 3912–3924. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12515
  • Gariepy TD, Talamas EJ (2019) Discovery of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 151: 824–826. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.58
  • Gauld IB, Bolton B (1988) The Hymenoptera. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 332 pp.
  • Gauthier N, LaSalle J, Quicke DLJ, Godfray HCJ (2000) Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids. Systematic Entomology 25: 521–539. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x
  • Gibson GAP (1989) Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 121: 3–121. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv
  • Gibson GAP (1990) Revision of the genus Macroneura Walker in America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). The Canadian Entomologist 122: 837–873. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent122837-9
  • Gibson GAP (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupleridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 5: 1–421.
  • Gibson GAP (2000) Differentiation of the species of Urolepis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), potential biocontrol agents of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae). The Canadian Entomologist 132: 391–410. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent132391-4
  • Gibson GAP (2003) Phylogenetics and classification of Cleonyminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) Memoirs on Entomology, International 16: 1–339.
  • Gibson GAP (2005a) The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles. Zootaxa 1033(1): 1–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1033.1
  • Gibson GAP (2010) Calosota Curtis (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae) – review of the New World and European fauna including revision of the species from the West Indies and Central and North America. ZooKeys 55: 1–75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.55.490
  • Gibson GAP (2011) The species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman and Eupelmus (Episolindelia) Girault (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) in North America north of Mexico. Zootaxa 2951(1): 1–97. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2951.1
  • Gibson GAP (2013) Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3612(1): 1–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3612.1.1
  • Gibson GAP (2017) Synonymy of Reikosiella Yoshimoto under Merostenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a checklist of world species and a revision of those species with brachypterous females. Zootaxa 4255(1): 1–65. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4255.1
  • Gibson GAP, Floate K (2001) Species of Trichomalopsis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) associated with filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist 133: 49–85. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent13349-1
  • Gibson GAP, Vikberg V (1998) The species of Asaphes Walker from America north of Mexico, with remarks on extralimital distributions and taxa (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 7: 209–256. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4490912
  • Girault AA (1926) Notes and descriptions of Australian chalcid-flies (Hymenoptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 14: 58–73.
  • Girault AA (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Private publication (Brisbane): 1–29.
  • Glendenning R, King KM (1953) Field crop insects in the coastal areas. In: Pacific Science Association (Eds) Proceedings of the seventh Pacific science congress (Zoology) Volume 4, Auckland & Christchurch (New Zealand), February – March 1949. Whitcombe and Tombs, 136–137.
  • Gordh G (1979a) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 743–748. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144527
  • Gordh G (1979b) Encyrtidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 890–966. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144718
  • Gordh G, Dunbar DM (1977) A new Anagrus important in the biological control of Stephanitis takeyai and a key to the North American species. The Florida Entomologist 60: 85–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/3494381
  • Gordh G, Trjapitzin VA (1981) Taxonomic studies of the Encyrtidae with the descriptions of new species and a new genus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). University of California Publications in Entomology 93: 1–55.
  • Graham AR (1944 [1943]) The establishment of some imported parasites of the larch casebearer, Haploptilia laricella Hbn., in Ontario. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario 74: 48–52. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43447842
  • Graham MWR (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 55: 1–392. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41067131
  • Graham MWR (1991) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49: [iii +] 1–322.
  • Grissell EE (1976) A revision of western Nearctic species of Torymus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 79: 1–120.
  • Grissell EE (1979) Torymidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PO, Smith DR, Burks BD (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico (Vol. 1). Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 748–769. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144482
  • Grissell EE (1995) Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalog of species. Memoirs on Entomology, International 2: 1–474.
  • Grissell EE (1999) An annotated catalog of world Megastigminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 31: 1–92.
  • Grissell EE (2000) A revision of New World Monodontomerus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 32: 1–90.
  • Grissell EE (2007) Torymidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with bees (Apoidea), with a list of chalcidoid bee parasitoids. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16: 234–265. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2658640
  • Grissell EE, Schauff ME (1997) A Handbook of the Families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea. (Hymenoptera): 2nd edn., revised. Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, 87 pp.
  • Grissell EE, Kamijo K, Hobbs KR (2004) Torymus Dalman (Torymidae: Hymenoptera) associated with coniferous cones, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 13: 31–47. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2844692
  • Guerrieri E, Noyes JS (2005) Revision of the European species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoids of caterpillars (Lepidoptera). Systematic Entomology 30: 97–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00271.x
  • Guerrieri E, Viggiani G (2005) A review of the encyrtid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) with description of a new species of Cheiloneurus. Systematics and Biodiversity 2: 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477200004001537
  • Gumovsky A, Perovsky E, Rasnitsyn A (2018) Laurasian ancestors and “Gondwana” decendants of Rotoitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): what a review of late Cretaceous Baeomorpha revealed. Cretaceous Research 84: 286–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.027
  • Halstead JA (1990b) Revision of Hockeria Walker in the Nearctic region with descriptions of males and five new species (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 92: 619–640. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26238214
  • Hansson C (1985) Taxonomy and biology of the Palearctic species of Chrysocharis Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 26: 1–130. http://www.scanentom.se/publ_ess_26.html
  • Hansson C (1988) A revision of the genus Mestocharis and a review of the genus Grahamia (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90: 28–36. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16144442
  • Hansson C (1989) New World species of Holcopelte and Ionympha (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 91: 59–65. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16134797
  • Hansson C (1994) Re-evaluation of the genus Closterocerus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of the Nearctic species. Entomologica Scandinavica 25: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631294X00018
  • Hansson C (1995a) Revision of the Nearctic species of Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 26: 27–46.
  • Hansson C (1995b) Revised key to the Nearctic species of Chrysocharis Förster (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) including three new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 4: 80–94. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3387493
  • Hansson C (1996c) The status of the genera Asecodes Förster, Ionympha Graham and Teleopterus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a review of Nearctic species. Entomologica Scandinavica 27: 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631296X00025
  • Hansson C, Schmidt S (2018) Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67: 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.67.28810
  • Hatten TD, Merz N, Johnson JB, Looney C, Ulrich T (2011) Note on occurrence of Mymaromella pala Huber and Gibson (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) in Montana: A new state record. Western North American Naturalist 70: 567–569. https://doi.org/10.3398/064.070.0417
  • Hawboldt LS (1939) Summary report of the Fredericton section. In: de Gryse JJ (Ed.) Annual report of the forest insect survey 1938. Department of Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 49–52.
  • Hayat M (1986) Notes on some species of Marietta (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with a key to world species. Colemania 2: 1–18.
  • Haye T, Mason PG, Dosdall LM, Gillespie DR, Gibson GAP, Kuhlmann U (2013) Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In: Mason PG, Gillespie DR (Eds) Biological Control Programmes in Canada 2001–2012. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780642574.0119
  • Hayman DI, MacKenzie KE, Reekie EG (2003) The influence of pruning on wasp inhabitants of galls induced by Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on lowbush blueberry. Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 1245–1253. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1245
  • Hedlin AF (1956) Studies on the balsam-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus specularis Walley (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). The Canadian Entomologist 88: 691–697. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent88691-12
  • Hedlin AF (1960) On the life history of the douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and one of its parasites, Glypta evetriae Cush. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The Canadian Entomologist 92: 826–834. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent92826-11
  • Hedlin AF, Yates HO, Tovar DC, Ebel BH, Koerber TW, Merkel EP (1980) Cone and seed insects of North American conifers. Canadian Forestry Service (Ottawa), United States Forest Service (Washington) Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos, Mexico, 122 pp. http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/2026.pdf
  • Heimpel GE, Meloche F (2001) Biological control of alfalfa blotch leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Ontario: status and ecology of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae) 20 years after introduction. The Great Lakes Entomologist 34: 17–26. https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol34/iss1/3
  • Heraty JM (2002) A revision of the genera of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the world. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 68: 1–367.
  • Heraty JM, Burks RA, Cruaud A, Gibson GAP, Liljeblad J, Munro J, Rasplus J-Y, Delvare G, Janšta P, Gumovsky A, Huber J, Woolley JB, Krogmann L, Heydon S, Polaszek A, Schmidt S, Darling DC, Gates MW, Mottern J, Murray E, Dal Molin A, Triapitsyn S, Baur H, Pinto JD, van Noort S, George J, Yoder M (2013) A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12006
  • Heydon SL (1988) A review of the Nearctic species of Cryptoprymna Förster, with the description of a new genus Polstonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90: 1–11. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16144415
  • Heydon SL (1994) Taxonomic changes in Nearctic Pteromalidae, II. New synonymy and four new genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96: 323–338. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16151733
  • Heydon SL, Bouček Z (1992) Taxonomic changes in Nearctic Pteromalidae, with the description of some new taxa (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 94: 471–489. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16245534
  • Heydon SL, Grissell EE (1988) A review of Nearctic Mersimus Walker and Toxeuma Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90: 310–322. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16144732
  • Heydon SL, LaBerge WE (1988) A review of North American species of Sphegigaster north of Mexico and the biology of their hosts (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 61: 258–277. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25085001
  • Hobbs GA (1968) Controlling insect enemies of the alfalfa leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata. The Canadian Entomologist 100: 781–784. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent100781-7
  • Hoebeke ER, Wheeler Jr AG (1996) Pteromalus elevatus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): North American records of an immigrant parasitod of the gall fly Urophora jaceana (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 87–92. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28254262
  • Holmes ND, Blakeley PE (1971) The rye jointworm (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a new insect pest in western Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 103: 277–280. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent103277-2
  • Huber JT (1987) Review of Schizophragma Ogloblin and the non-Australian species of Stethynium Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). The Canadian Entomologist 119: 823–855. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119823-9
  • Huber JT (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America with a revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 141: 1–109. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm120141fv
  • Huber JT (1992) The subgenera, species groups and synonyms of Anaphes (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the described Nearctic species of the fuscipennis group of Anaphes s.s. and the described species of Anaphes (Yungaburra). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 123: 23–110. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43445362
  • Huber JT (2015a) Chapter 11: Hymenoptera (wasps). 11.7 Mymaridae (Chalcidoidea). In: Böcher J, Kristensen NP, Pape T, Vilhelmsen L (Eds) The Greenland Entomofauna. An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden and Boston, 184–185. https://brill.com/view/title/24430
  • Huber JT (2017) Biodiversity of Hymenoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH (Eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society (Vol. 1 (2nd ed)). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 419–462. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch12
  • Huber JT, Côté S, Boivin G (1997) Description of three new Anaphes species (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and redescription of Anaphes sordidatus Girault. The Canadian Entomologist 129: 959–977. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent129959-5
  • Huber JT, Gibson GAP, Bauer KS, Liu H, Gates M (2008) The genus Mymaromella in North America, with a key to described extant species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 17: 175–194. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35234507
  • Ikeda E, Huber JT (1996) Review of the world species of Dimmockia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist 128: 743–766. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128743-4
  • Janšta P, Cruaud A, Delvare G, Genson G, Heraty J, Křížková B, Rasplus J-Y (2018) Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits. Cladistics 34: 627–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12228
  • Jarvis TD (1908 [1907]) A preliminary list of the scale insects of Ontario. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario 38: 50–72. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent3872-3
  • Jay SC, Mohr N (1987) The effect of nest replacement on the production of females of the alfalfa leaf-cutter beetle Megachile rotundata (F). Journal of Apicultural Research 26: 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1987.11100739
  • Kelleher JS, Hulme MA (1984) Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada, 1961–1980. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Slough, 410 pp.
  • King KM, Atkinson NJ (1928) The biological control factors of the immature stages of Euxoa ochrogaster Gn. (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae) in Saskatchewan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 21: 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/21.2.167
  • Langor DW (2019) The diversity of terrestrial arthropods in Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The biota of Canada – a biodiversity assessment. Part 1: the terrestrial arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 311–360. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.31947
  • Langor DB, Raske AG (1988) Mortality factors and life tables of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Newfoundland. Environmental Entomology 17: 959–963. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/17.6.959
  • Lotfalizadeh H, Delvare G, Rasplus J-Y (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 441–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00308.x
  • Lord FT, MacPhee AW (1953) The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. VI. Low temperatures and the natural control of the oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Homoptera: Coccidae). The Canadian Entomologist 85: 282–291. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent85282-8
  • MacFarlane RP, Pengelly DH (1978 [1977]) Brachicoma spp. (Sarcophagidae) and Melittobia chalybii (Eulophidae) as parasites of the brood of Bombus spp. (Apidae) in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 108: 31–35. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43455751
  • Mackauer M, Bisdee HE (1965 [1964]) Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subba Rao (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) a parasite of the pea aphid new in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 95: 121–124. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43460327
  • Mader C, Watts J, Erbilgin N (2020) Life history traits of Coccophagus gossypariae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of invasive Eriococcus spurius (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in field studies. The Canadian Entomologist 152: 169–182. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.4
  • Madrid FJ, Stewart RK (1980) Parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Quebec. Notes from the Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory 6: 1–17.
  • Maier MT, Hansson C (2006) Palearctic Sympiesis acalle and Sympiesis gordius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in North America: taxonomic changes and a review of Nearctic host records. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 14–23. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30253468
  • Martel P, Sharma ML (1968) Quelques précisions sur la biologie et l’écologie de la cochenille, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), (Homoptera: Diaspididae), dans le Québec. Phytoprotection 49: 19–25.
  • McLeod JH (1951) Notes on the lodgepole needle miner, Recurvaria milleri Busck (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its parasites in western North America. The Canadian Entomologist 83: 295–301. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent83295-11
  • Miller CD (1970) The Nearctic species of Pnigalio and Sympiesis (Hym. Eulophidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 102: 1–121. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10268fv
  • Milliron HE (1949) Taxonomic and biological investigations in the genus Megastigmus. American Midland Naturalist 41: 257–420. https://doi.org/10.2307/2421720
  • Neil KA, Specht HB (1990) Field releases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for suppression of corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), egg populations on sweet corn in Nova Scotia. The Canadian Entomologist 122: 1259–1266. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1221259-11
  • Noronha C, Gibson GAP, Floate KD (2007) Hymenopterous parasitoids of house fly and stable fly puparia in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 138: 748–750. https://doi.org/10.4039/n06-071
  • Noyes JS (2000) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 1. The subfamily Tetracneminae, parasitoids of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 62: 1–355.
  • Noyes JS (2004) Encyrtidae of Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), 2. Metaphycus and related genera, parasitoids of scale insects (Coccoidea) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 73: 1–459.
  • Noyes JS (2015) Chapter 11: Hymenoptera (wasps). 11.5. Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea). In: Böcher J, Kristensen NP, Pape T, Vilhelmsen L (Eds) The Greenland Entomofauna. An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies. Brill, Leiden and Boston, 170–176. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004261051
  • Noyes JS, Hayat M (1994) Oriental Mealybug Parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with a World Review of Encyrtidae Used in Classical Biological Control and an Index of Encyrtid Parasitoids of Mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). University Press, Cambridge, 554 pp.
  • Paradis RO (1969) The effects of oil treatments on the hatching of eggs of Stictocephala bubalus in apple orchards in south-western Quebec. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec 14: 25–28.
  • Peck O (1951) Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In: Muesebeck CFW, Krombein KV, Townes HK (Eds) Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico Synoptic Catalog. United States Department of Agriculture Monograph 2. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 410–594. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41967124
  • Peck O (1969) Chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) parasites of the alfalfa leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 101: 418–422. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent101418-4
  • Peck O (1985) The taxonomy of the Nearctic species of Pediobius (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), especially Canadian and Alaskan forms. The Canadian Entomologist 117: 647–704. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent117647-6
  • Perry RK, Heraty JM (2019) A tale of two setae: How morphology and ITS2 help delimit a cryptic species complex in Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity 3: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixz012
  • Pinto JD (1999) Systematics of the North American species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 22: 1–287.
  • Pinto JD (2004) A review of the genus Doirania Waterston (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with a description of a new species from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 106: 352–360. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30134915
  • Poinar Jr G, Huber JT (2011) A new genus of fossil Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) from Cretaceous amber and key to Cretaceous mymarid genera. ZooKeys 130: 461–472. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1241
  • Prentice RM (1955) The life history and some aspects of the ecology of the large aspen tortix, Choristoneura conflictana (Wlkr.) (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 87: 461–473. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent87461-11
  • Provancher LL (1883) Fam. VIII. Chalcidides. In: Provancher LL (Ed.) Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada et Particulierement de la Province de Quebec. Vol. II Comprenant les Orthoptères, les Névroptères et les Hyménoptères. Darveau, Montreal, 564–576. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26663293
  • Provancher LL (1887) Fam. VIII. Chalcidides. In: Provancher LL (Ed.) Additions et Corrections au Volume II de la Faune Entomologique du Canada, Traitant des Hyménoptères. Darveau, Québec, 184–211. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32180599
  • Provancher LL (1888) Fam. VII. Chalcidides. In: Provancher LL (Ed.) Additions et Corrections au Volume II de la Faune Entomologique du Canada, Traitant des Hyménoptères. Darveau, Québec, 406–407. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32180831
  • Proverbs MD (1957) Control of soft scales (Homoptera: Coccidae) in British Columbia peach and apricot orchards. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 54: 3–8. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49121567
  • Raizenne H (1952) Forest Lepidoptera of Southern Ontario and their Parasites Received at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Department of Agriculture, Science Service – Division of Forest Biology, Ottawa, 277 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59592061
  • Rasplus J-Y (1989) Revision des espèces Afrotropicales du genre Dinarmus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 25: 135–162.
  • Rasplus J-Y, Blaimer BB, Brady SG, Burks RA, Delvare G, Fisher N, Gates M, Gauthier N, Gumovsky AV, Hansson C, Heraty JM, Fusu L, Nidelet S, Pereira Sauné L, Ubaidillah R, Cruaud A (2020) A first phylogenomic hypothesis for Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Journal of Natural History 54: 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1762941
  • Reeks WA, Smith CC (1956) The satin moth, Stilpnotia salicis (L.), in the maritime provinces and observations on its control by parasites and spraying. The Canadian Entomologist 88: 565–579. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent88565-10
  • Richards KW (1989) Seasonal occurrence and biology of the sainfoin seed chalcid, Eurytoma onobrychidis (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in western Canada. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62: 219–227. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25085077
  • Richards KW, Hanna MR (1982) The sainfoin seed chalcid, Eurytoma onobrychidis, in western Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 114: 1199–1200.
  • Richardson HP, Westdal PH (1965) Use of Aphelinus semiflavus Howard for control of aphids in a greenhouse. The Canadian Entomologist 97: 110–111. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent97110-1
  • Richmond JA, Werner RA, Drooz AT (1995) Larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and its parasitoids from Alaska. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 92: 25–27. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47084387
  • Samarasinghe S, LeRoux EJ (1966) The biology and dynamics of the oystershell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Hom.: Coccidae) on apple in Quebec. Annals of the Entomological Society of Quebec 11: 206–292.
  • Samková A, Janšta P, Huber JT (2017) Anaphes flavipes: redescription, neotype designation, and comparison with A. nipponicus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 677–711. https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0095
  • Santiago-Blay JA (1989) Chalcidoids (Hymenoptera) reared from Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) galls from British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 86: 80–81. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47087590
  • Savard M (1995) First mention of Nasonia giraulti Darling in Quebec and notes on the presence of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) in Sagenay/Lac Saint-Jean (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Fabreries 20: 93–98.
  • Schauff ME (1984) The Holarctic genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 12: 1–67.
  • Scudder GGE (1979) 3. Present patterns in the flora and fauna of Canada. In: Danks HV (Ed.) Canada and its insect fauna. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 108: 87–179. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm111108001-1
  • Scudder SH (1889) The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada with special reference to New England in three volumes. Vol. II. Lycaenidae, Papilionidae, Hesperidae. Private publication, Cambridge, 767–1774. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40436
  • Sears MK, Boiteau G (1989) Parasitism of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs by Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on potato in eastern Canada. Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 803–810. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.3.803
  • Sharkey M, Arthur A, Bisdee G, Yoshimoto C, Barron J (1987) The parasitic Hymenoptera associated with sunflower (Helianthus spp.) in mid-western Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 119: 611–628. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119611-7
  • Shirley XA, Woolley JB, Hopper KR (2017) Revision of the asychis species group of Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10457
  • Smulyan MT (1937) A revision of the chalcid flies of the genus Perilampus Latreille occurring in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83: 369–412. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2990.369
  • Sugonjaev ES (1983) A review of the genus Blastothrix Mayr (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) in North America. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 62: 601–609. [In Russian] Entomological Review 62: 142–150. [In English]
  • Sugonjaev ES, Gordh G (1982) Taxonomy and trophic relations of parasitic wasps of the genus Encyrtus Latr. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of the Holarctic region. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 60: 883–897.
  • Thompson WR (1953) A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests. Section 2 Host Parasite. Catalogue, part 2. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Agaonidae to Braconidae). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, 190 pp.
  • Thompson WR (1955) A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests. Section 2. Host Parasite Catalogue, part 3. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Calliceratidae to Evaniidae). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, The Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, 191–288.
  • Thompson WR (1958) A Catalogue of the Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests. Section 2. Host Parasite Catalogue, part 5. Hosts of the Hymenoptera (Miscogasteridae to Trigonalidae), Lepidoptera and Strepsiptera. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Ottawa, 562–698.
  • Timberlake PH (1916) Revision of the parasitic hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 50: 561–640. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.17826
  • Timberlake PH (1920) Revision of the parasitic chalcidoid flies of the genera Homalotylus Mayr and Isodromus Howard, with description of two closely related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56: 133–194. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.56-2293.133
  • Torgersen TR (1969) Hymenopterous parasites of the hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, in southeast Alaska, with a key to larval remains. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 86: 53–62. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47092802
  • Torgersen TR (1970) Parasites of the black-headed budworm, Acleris gloverana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in southeast Alaska. The Canadian Entomologist 102: 1294–1299. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1021294-10
  • Triapitsyn SV (1998) Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 124: 77–112. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078658
  • Triapitsyn SV (2006) A key to the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids of proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Nearctic region, with description of two new species of Gonatocerus. Zootaxa 1203(1): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1203.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV (2010) Revision of the Palaearctic species and review of the Oriental species of Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on extralimital taxa. Zootaxa 2381(1): 1–74. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2381.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV (2013a) Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region, with notes on extralimital distributions. Zootaxa 3644(1): 1–178. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3644.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV (2014) Revision of the genus Camptoptera Foerster (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Far Eastern Entomologist 285: 1–85. http://www.biosoil.ru/FEE/Publication/443
  • Triapitsyn SV (2017) Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Zootaxa 4279(1): 1–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4279.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV, Berezovskiy VV (2001) Review of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Primorskii Kraii: genus Mymar Curtis. Far Eastern Entomologist 100: 1–20. http://www.biosoil.ru/FEE/Publication/129
  • Triapitsyn SV, Berezovskiy VV (2004) Review of the genus Litus Haliday, 1833, in the Holarctic and Oriental regions, with notes on the Palaearctic species of Arescon Walker, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Far Eastern Entomologist 141: 1–24. http://www.biosoil.ru/Files/FEE/00000197.pdf
  • Triapitsyn SV, Berezovskiy VV, Hoddle MS, Morse JG (2007) A review of the Nearctic species of Erythmelus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with a key and new additions to the New World fauna. Zootaxa 1641(1): 1–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1641.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV, Huber JT, Logarzo GA, Berezovskiy VV, Aquino DA (2010) Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species. Zootaxa 2456(1): 1–243. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2456.1.1
  • Triapitsyn SV, Morse JG (2005) A review of the species of Ceranisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 131: 69–86. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25078877
  • Triapitsyn SV, Rugman-Jones PF, Tretiakov PS, Shih HT, Huang SH (2018) New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday ‘species complex’ (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia. Journal of Natural History 52: 2795–2822. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1552333
  • Triapitsyn SV, Koponen M, Vikberg V, Várkonyi G (2020) Taxonomy, annotated new records and a checklist of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) of Finland, with description of a new species of Eustochus. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60: 565–589. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.39
  • Trjapitzin VA (1989) Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Family Encyrtidae of Palaearctics. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR Izdavaemye. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSR 158, Nauka, Leningrad, 489 pp. [In Russian]
  • Trjapitzin VA, Gordh G (1978a) Review of the genera of Nearctic Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Communication I. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 57: 364–385. [In Russian] Entomological Review 57: 257–270. [In English]
  • Trjapitzin VA, Gordh G (1978b) Review of the genera of Nearctic Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Communication II. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 57: 636–652. [In Russian] Entomological Review 57: 437–448. [In English]
  • Velten RK, Pinto JD (1990) Soikiella Nowicki (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): occurrence in North America, description of a new species, and association of the male. The Pan–Pacific Entomologist 66: 246–250. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56186575
  • Vickruck JL, Huber JT, Richards MH (2010) Natural enemies of the bee genus Ceratina (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Niagara region. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 141: 11–26. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44259185
  • Viereck HL (1923) Hymenoptera. North American fauna No. 46. A biological survey of the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. II. Insects, Arachnids and Chilopods. Government Printing Office, Washington, 229–236. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45681833
  • Waddell DB (1952) Biology and control of the cherry casebearer, Coleophora pruniella Clemens, in British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 48: 85–89. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49120117
  • Walker FM (1844) Descriptions of some chalcidites of North America, collected by George Barnston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 14–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809495126
  • Wang T, Laing JE (1989) Diapause termination and morphogenesis of Holcothorax testaceipes Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an introduced parasitoid of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). The Canadian Entomologist 121: 65–74. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent12165-1
  • Weber M, Klimsa E, Reder G, Peters RS (2018) Reliability, completeness and improvement of our knowledge on Germany’s parasitoid wasp fauna – a case study in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Bonn Zoological Bulletin 67: 101–107. https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2018.67.2.101
  • Webster FM (1903) Some insects attacking the stems of growing wheat, rye, barley, and oats, with methods of prevention and suppression. United States Department of Agriculture Division of Entomology Bulletin No. 2: 1–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.114379
  • Wilkinson ATS (1966) Apanteles rubecula Marsh and other parasites of Pieris rapae in British Columbia. Journal of Economic Entomology 59: 1012–1013. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/59.4.1012a
  • Wood GW (1951) An annotated list of lepidopterous larvae from commercial blueberry fields, Charlotte County. The Canadian Entomologist 83: 241–244. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent83241-9
  • Wood GW, Neilson WTA (1957) Notes on life-histories of four species of climbing cutworms collected from low-bush blueberry fields in New Brunswick (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae). The Canadian Entomologist 89: 502–506. https://doi.o rg/10.4039/Ent89502-11
  • Woolley JB (1990) Signiphoridae. In: Rosen D (Ed.) Armoured Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World crop pests (Vol. 4B). Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 167–176.
  • Wylie HG, Bisdee HE (1987) Primary and secondary parasites of an alfalfa-infesting aphid, Therioaphis sp. in Manitoba. The Canadian Entomologist 119: 857–858. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent119857-9
  • Yoshimoto CM (1971) Revision of the genus Euderus of America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist 103: 541–578. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent103541-4
  • Yoshimoto CM (1973a) Review of North American Chrysocharis (Kratochviliana) (Eulophidae: Chalcidoidea) north of Mexico, especially species attacking birch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) and birch leaf-miner (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The Canadian Entomologist 105: 1309–1349. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1051309-10
  • Yoshimoto CM (1973b) Revision of the genus Chrysocharis Förster (Subgenus: Chrysocharis s. str.) (Eulophidae: Chalcidoidea) of American north of Mexico. The Canadian Entomologist 105: 1377–1405. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1051377-11
  • Yoshimoto CM (1976) Revision of the genus Dicladocerus (Eulophidae: Chalcidoidea) of America north of Mexico, with particular reference to species attacking larch casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). The Canadian Entomologist 108: 1173–1206. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1081173-11
  • Yoshimoto CM (1977) The North American species of the genus Achrysocharoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The Canadian Entomologist 109: 907–930. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent109907-7
  • Yoshimoto CM (1978) Two new species of Epiclerus from the New World (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Tetracampidae). The Canadian Entomologist 110: 1207–1211. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1101207-11
  • Yoshimoto CM (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook 7: 1–166.
  • Yu DS, Byers JR (1994) Inundative release of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for control of European corn borer in sweet corn. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 291–301. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent126291-2
  • Zhang YM, Gates MW, Shorthouse JD (2014) Testing species limits of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera) associated with galls induced by Diplolepis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Canada using an integrative approach. The Canadian Entomologist 146: 321–334. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.70
  • Zhang YM, Gates MW, Shorthouse JD (2017) Revision of Canadian Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) associated with galls induced by cynipid wasps of the genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 61: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.61.13466
  • Zolnerowich G, Zuparko RL (2011) Copidosoma howardi, a new name for Parapsilophrys gelechiae Howard, 1898. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 86: 135–138. https://doi.org/10.3956/2009-29.1
login to comment