Research Article |
Corresponding author: Lili Ren ( lily_ren@bjfu.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Jiangli Tan ( tanjl@nwu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2021 Sixun Ge, Lili Ren, Jiangli Tan.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Ge S, Ren L, Tan J (2021) Description of a new species of Foenatopus Smith (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae), with a key to the species from Vietnam. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 71-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.88.76421
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Foenatopus meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov., as the first species of the genus Foenatopus Smith, 1861 discovered from southern Vietnam, is reported and illustrated in detail. The key to the species of Foenatopus from Vietnam is compiled. A distribution map of the Vietnamese species is provided.
new species, parasitoids, crown wasps, southern Vietnam
The cosmopolitan family Stephanidae Leach, 1815, consisting of 365 extant species (
The descriptions, measurements, and figures were made using a ZEISS AxioZoom V16 microscope with a ZEISS Axiocam 503 color camera. Photographs were combined using the ZEN 2.3 (blue edition). Morphological nomenclature follows
Foenatopus Smith, 1861: 58. Type species (by monotypy): Stephanus indicus Westwood, 1841.
Diastephanus Enderlein, 1905: 473. Type species: Stephanus flavomaculatus Enderlein, 1901. Synonymized by Benoit, 1956.
Neostephanus
Kieffer, 1904: 1–4. Type species (by monotypy): Neostephanus alluaudi Kieffer, 1904. Synonymized by
Small to medium size. Temple always with pale yellowish streak behind eye. Neck emarginate anteriorly, finely striate, pronotal fold absent; reduced venation with vein 2-CU1 of fore wing always less developed, but sometimes complete; veins 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing absent; vein 1-SR absent or faintly developed; hind tibia distinctly narrowed and compressed basally, outer side usually without fine oblique striae; hind tarsus with three tarsomeres in the female, while five in the male.
Afrotropical, Neotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental.
1. | Ovipositor sheath with ivory sub-apical band | 2 |
– | Ovipositor sheath completely blackish or with brownish sub-apical band | 3 |
2. | Large ventral tooth of hind femur ivory | F. flavidentatus (Enderlein, 1913) |
– | Large ventral tooth of hind femur blackish [The male with frons entirely bright yellow; hind femur with the third basal tooth acutely developed] | F. chinensis (Elliott, 1919) |
3. | Pterostigma relatively short and wide, obtuse apically; hind femur tridentate, ventral tooth blackish to partly ivory; propodeum completely covered with rather large and dense reticulate-foveolae | 4 |
– | Pterostigma comparatively long and narrow, somewhat subparallel-sided, acute apically; hind femur bidentate, large ventral tooth ivory; propodeum covered with sparse, shallow and circular foveolae, and with a relatively smooth area anteriorly [The male with a large reddish-brown spot developed in the middle part of the hind femur, the third tooth of the hind femur moderately developed] | F. meridionalis Ge & Tan, sp. nov. |
4. | Vertex with 4 carinae between ocelli; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing distinct, 0.7–1.1 × as long as vein cu-a [male with frons completely yellowish; vein 2-CU1 of the fore wing 0.3 × as long as vein cu-a] | F. annulitarsus Enderlein, 1913 |
– | Vertex with 3 carinae between ocelli; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing short or absent [male unknown] | F. ruficollis (Enderlein, 1913) |
Holotype, ♀ (BFU), Vietnam: Binh Thuan, Huyen Thuan Bac, Dong Tien, 108°2.382’E, 11°12.912’N, VI.2020, leg. Local collector; Paratypes, 3♂ (BFU), Vietnam: Binh Thuan, Huyen Thuan Bac, Dong Tien, 108°2.382’E, 11°12.912’N, VI.2020, leg. Local collector.
Head transverse in dorsal view and slightly elliptical in lateral view; frons completely yellowish-brown without streaks; vertex coarsely transversely carinate rugose with three distinct carinae between ocelli; propodeum shallowly circularo-foveolate with a relatively smooth coriaceous area anteriorly (the anterior coriaceous area concave more deeply in the male than in the female); pterostigma translucent with dark brown margins, long and narrow, subparallel-sided; vein 2-CU1 extremely short; hind femur with 2 ivory large teeth venrtally and with a blackish tooth obtusely developed basally; ovipositor sheath without sub-apical band.
Holotype. Female. The length of body (except ovipositor sheath) 10.5 mm; forewing 6.4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; the length of ovipositor sheath 9.6 mm.
Head. Antenna with 28 flagellomeres; frons finely and transversely rugose (Fig.
Mesosoma. Pronotum moderately robust and largely coriaceous; neck anteriorly deeply emarginated, with several transverse ridges (Fig.
Wings. Fore wing: hyaline (Fig.
Legs. Hind coxa transversely striate, dilated sub-apically (Fig.
Metasoma. Tergite I (TI) finely transversely striate (Fig.
Colour. Brownish to blackish; frons completely yellowish-brown without streaks (Fig.
Paratypes. Male. The length of body 9.5–11.4 mm; the length of forewing 4.9–5.7 mm.
Resemble to female but differs as follows: fore legs and mid legs brown; a large reddish-brown spot developed in the middle part of hind femur; the blackish tooth on the basal part of hind femur comparatively more developed; tergite I ca 3.2–3.37 × as tergite II and 0.92–1.05 × as remainder of metasoma; tergite III reddish-brown in dorsal view, and tergite II to tergite IV brownish to reddish-brown in ventral view; forewing 4.9–5.7 mm; vein 2-CU1 weakly developed, 0.21–0.3 × as long as vein cu-a; pterostigma subparallel-sided, elongate and acute apically, 1.74–2.35 × as long as vein r and 8.6-9.6 × as wide as its maximum width; vein SR1 1.74–2.06 × as long as vein r; vein SR1 and vein r obtusely angled; vein r ends 0.24–0.26× length of pterostigma behind level of apex of pterostigma.
We name the new species as “meridionalis” (Latin for south) for the type locality is in the southern part of Vietnam.
Vietnam.
Collected in June. Host is unknown.
The new species runs to F. flavidentatus in the key to Chinese species by
Except the new species described in this paper, all of the former recorded species in Foenatopus from Vietnam were collected in northern Vietnam (Fig.
Distribution map of Foenatopus species from Vietnam (map of Vietnam from: http://bzdt. ch.mnr.gov.cn/)
The research was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 31201732, 31572300, 31872263) and Beijing’s Science and Technology Planning Project “Z201100008020001”.
We thank Prof Shi-Xiang Zong (Beijing Foresty University, Beijing) and Dr Tao Li (General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang) for their great support for this study.