Face without a horn. Scrobes laterally bordered by a complete and distinct carina (Fig. 1C, D). Head with longitudinal striae (Fig. 1C, D). Pronotum without elevations (Fig. 1A, B, E, F). Prepectus narrow, considerably shorter than half of the adjacent pronotal collar (Fig. 1A, B). Scutellum strongly produced over propodeum, its entire free margin with crenulate rim (Fig. 1A, B, E, F, H); marginal vein shorter than postmarginal vein (Fig. 1G). Petiole inconspicuous. Ovipositor sheaths straight, not projecting, hidden under apical tergites (Fig. 1A).

Figure 1. 

Euperilampus sinensis A female, habitus in lateral view B male, habitus in lateral view C female, head in frontal view D male, head in frontal view E female, mesosoma in dorsal view F male, mesosoma in dorsal view G female, fore wing H male, scutellum in dorso-lateral view.

Both sexes. Body black, without any metallic reflections (Fig. 1A, B); femora dark (Fig. 1A, B); fore wing slightly infumate (Fig. 1G). Labio-maxillary complex only slightly protruding beyond closed mandibles (Fig. 1C, D). Dorsal side of mesosoma without any rugae (Fig. 1E, F). Inner axillular margins almost parallel (Fig. 1E, F). Sides of scutellum steep in posterior part (Fig. 1E, F, H). Posterior scutellum projection truncate to emarginate (Fig. 1E, F, H). Marginal vein more than 1.5× as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 1G). Female. Flagellum dark orange, claval apex slightly darker (Fig. 1A, C); tibiae blackish brown (Fig. 1A, C). Male. Flagellum dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark reddish-brown (Fig. 1B); tibiae dark brown except distal third getting yellowish-brown or brownish yellow on inner side of fore tibia (Fig. 1B, D). Clypeus with short setae, anterior tentorial pits slightly to distinctly visible (Fig. 1D). Antennal scape normal, not laminate or foliaceous (Fig. 1D).

South Korea: 2♀, 2♂, “S. KOREA, GYONGBUK, Ulleungdo, trail in forest, from Nari Basin to Seonginbong Peak / 500–1000 m, 16.VIII.2010, P. Tripotin rec.” (MICO).

Female. Body length: 4.5–5.0 mm. Colour. Body black, without any metallic reflections (Fig. 1A). Body setation brown on dorsal side of mesosoma and whitish on clypeus and face (Fig. 1C, E). Scape and pedicel black; flagellum dark orange, claval apex brownish (Fig. 1A, C). Eyes brown, ocelli dark orange to brown (Fig. 1C). Mandibles dark reddish brown (Fig. 1C). Labio-maxillary complex dark brown. Legs with coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae blackish brown; knees, extreme tibial apices and most tarsal segments reddish brown; basal tarsal segments and apical segment dark brown (Fig. 1A, C). Tegula dark brown. Fore wing slightly infumate (Fig. 1G).

Head. Striae on vertex, parascrobal areas, temples and genae generally strong and dense (Fig. 1C, E). Scrobes with their lateral carinate margins strongly converging both downwards and upwards, very slightly sinuate in the upper part (Fig. 1C). Supraclypeal area poorly defined, subquadrate, slightly convex in middle, its lower corners setose (Fig. 1C). Clypeus nearly flat, with strongly diverging lateral margins, densely setose, anterior tentorial pits indistinct; both upper and lower clypeal margins conspicuously emarginate; setae much longer than distance between dense piliferous punctures; clypeus surface apart from piliferous punctures with fine but conspicuous transverse striae, most visible on sides (Fig. 1C). Piliferous punctures on basal halves of mandibles less dense than those on the clypeus. Labio-maxillary complex protruding beyond clypeal margin to about 1.8× breadth of left mandible (Fig. 1C). Scape very slightly curved and widened distally, without any laminate expansion, its maximum width about 0.7× maximum width of flagellum (Fig. 1C); flagellum subfusiform, funicular segments 1–4 longer than wide (length of first segment 1.25–1.33× width), 5 subquadrate, 6–7 transverse; clava shorter than the three preceding segments (Fig. 1A).

Mesosoma. Pronotal collar in middle about 0.3x as long as mesoscutum. Both pronotal collar and mesoscutum regularly punctuate-reticulate, without smooth areas except for a narrow band at posterior margin of pronotal collar (Fig. 1E). Scutellum as coarsely sculptured as mesoscutum except lateral sloping sides with much coarser reticulation; scutellum from very slightly longer than wide to virtually as long as wide; lateral margins almost parallel; postero-lateral sided steep, slightly concave; terminal protruding process slightly (smaller female) to conspicuously emarginate (larger female) (Fig. 1E). Propodeum with carinate spiracular sulci and triangular median depression, the latter with a slightly indicated median carina; median propodeal area irregularly striate; spiracles narrow, reniform. Fore wing with parastigma and marginal vein slightly widened (Fig. 1G). Marginal vein 1.6–1.7× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein about 2.8× as long as marginal vein, but apical end difficult to define.

Metasoma. Wider than long, much shorter and wider than mesosoma (Fig. 1A). Posterior margin of first tergite virtually straight; second gastral tergite 2.2–2.6× as wide as long; anterior 1/3–1/4 and anterior 1/2 of second and third tergites respectively with a transverse band of very shallow piliferous punctures.

Male. Differs from the female mainly as follows. Body length: 4 mm. Flagellum dark reddish brown, ventrally slightly lighter, claval apex darker (Fig. 1B). Tibiae dark brown, gradually becoming yellowish brown on apical third on outer surface and brownish yellow on most inner surface of fore tibia; tarsi entirely yellowish brown except dark brown arolia and claws (Fig. 1B, D). Longitudinal striae on upper face (between upper third of eye and scrobes) shallower and more irregular (Fig. 1D). Lateral margins of scrobes less strongly converging upwards (Fig. 1D). Setae on upper half of clypeus shorter (Fig. 1D), their length only slightly greater than distance between piliferous punctures. Anterior tentorial pits slightly to distinctly visible (Fig. 1D). Flagellum thicker (Fig. 1B); length of first funicular segment 1.11–1.15× width. Scutellum longer, length about 1.3× maximum width, terminal protruding process only very slightly emarginate (Fig. 1F). Posterior margin of first tergite broadly emarginate. Piliferous punctures on gastral tergites two and three deeper. For additional information, see the description of the male in Bouček (1978).

Unknown.

Peoples’ Republic of China. New genus and species to South Korea.

As stated in Darling (1983), Euperilampus differs from other perilampid genera mainly in the prepectus size, and in having a distinctly shorter marginal vein, compared to the postmarginal vein. There are currently three species of Euperilampus known from East Palaearctic: E. scutellatus, E. sinensis and E. spina (Noyes 2019). So far, the females of E. sinensis and E. spina have been unknown. Following Bouček’s key (1978) we have identified the above listed specimens as being closest to E. sinensis. However, the almost indistinct anterior tentorial pits shed some doubt about the identification. Further clarification came after the examination of images of the male holotype of E. sinensis, kindly provided by Natalie Dale-Skey (NHMUK). The male specimens we examined differ from the holotype mainly in having (1) tentorial pits barely visible (versus conspicuous); (2) longitudinal striae on upper face (between scrobes and upper third of eye) shallow and irregular (versus stronger and regular); (3) clypeus aside from piliferous punctures slightly more sculptured (versus almost smooth); and (4) body setation very dense (versus sparser). The latter difference is probably just a conservation artifact, given the considerably older age of the holotype, in which the bare piliferous punctures indicate that many of the setae have fallen. The other differences are most probable due to intraspecific variability. However, they may indicate a new species, but without any females for comparison and without any evidence about the intraspecific variability of E. sinensis, its validity cannot be correctly assessed at present.

Face without a horn. Scrobes laterally not carinate (European species) (e.g., Figs 2A, 3A, 6A, 10A, 12A, 14A). Head mostly without longitudinal striae (or these confined to upper face), sometimes with more or less distinct frontal keels (e.g., Figs 2A–C, 3B, 11B, 16B). Pronotum without elevations (e.g., Figs 2C, 4C, 7C, 10C). Prepectus variable but considerably longer than at least half the adjacent pronotal collar (e.g., Figs 2D, 4D, 8D, 11D, 14D, 18D). Scutellum at most slightly produced over propodeum, its posterior margin sometimes with protruding bilobed process (e.g., Figs 2C, 8C, 14C); marginal vein longer than postmarginal vein; petiole inconspicuous, sometimes with dorsal scale; ovipositor sheaths straight, not projecting, hidden under apical tergites.

Figure 2. 

Perilampus aeneus A female, head in frontal view (insert: detail of the genal area) B male, head in frontal view (insert: detail of scape) C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Figure 3. 

Perilampus auratus A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Figure 4. 

Perilampus aureoviridis A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Head and mesosoma except propodeum dorsally bright bronze green, head sometimes bluish; propodeum and metasoma blue green; female flagellum black. Body size: 2.50–5.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 2A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 2A, B) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 2A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides not defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter in female, about equal in male. Frontal keels (Fig. 2A, B) well developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 2A, B) almost smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 2A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 2A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 2B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on about half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 2C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 2C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 2C) without a double carina, with large bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 2D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures, leaving a large smooth central area.

Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 23.V to 29.V.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 22–28.VIII.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini lake; Malaise trap; Krousia Mts. Site, 12.IX to 18.IX.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 3♀♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr., 13.VI-19.VI.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♂, “Rizari, nr. Edessa, 40.792366°N, 22.107232°E", “OP cherry, M2 – P1-2, 3.05.2019, leg. F. Karamaouna” (MICO).

Romania: 1♀, “IS, Ciric-Izvor, 10.VIII.2006, leg. M.-D. Mitroiu” (MICO); 1♀, “Iași county, Valea lui David Natural Reserve, 02.viii.1998, sweep, M.-D. Mitroiu leg.” (MICO); 1♀, “Brăila county, Smârdan, 30.viii.2005, herbaceous vegetation along canal, Popovici O. & Moglan I.” (MICO); 1♀, 1♂, “Tulcea county, near Babadag, 15–17.v.2009, L. Fusu leg.” (MICO); 1♂, “Constanța county, Gura Dobrogei Natural Reserve, 12.v.2007, L. Fusu leg.” (MICO). Turkey: 1♀, “Turkey: Kastamonu, Kastamonu area, 18.vii.1962, 1000 m”, “Guichard & Harvey, B.M. 1962-299”, “♀ Perilampus Perilampus (Rossius), Z. Bouček det. 1972” (NHMUK); 1♂, “Turkey: Amasya, Alt. I. 400 Ft”, “6.6.1959, K.M. Guichard”, “♂ Perilampus Perilampus (Rossius), Z. Bouček det. 1972” (NHMUK).

Associated with Curculionidae (Coleoptera), Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera), and Tortricidae (Lepidoptera); presumably a hyperparasitoid.

Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom. New species to Greece and Romania.

Perilampus aeneus is somewhat similar to P. eximius and P. ruficornis due to its bright colour and presence of frontal keels. From both species it can be separated by the sculpture of the prepectus, which has a complete (although sometimes shallow) row of punctures near its anterior margin (Fig. 2D), and the bigger ocelli (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the female of P. aeneus can be separated from the females of the previously mentioned species by the colour of the flagellum, which is black and not reddish (Fig. 2A).

Head and pronotum bronze gold, with slight green reflections; mesosoma blue green; metasoma green, with blue and bronze reflections; female flagellum orange, clava slightly darker. Body size: 1.75–5.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 3A, B), much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temples. Clypeal margin (Fig. 3A, B) slightly emarginate to truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 3A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides not defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus length of anterior margin of malar depression longer in female, about equal in male. Frontal keels (Fig. 3A, B) poorly developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 3A, B) almost smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 3A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest lateral ocellus diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 3A): most segments transverse. Male scape (Fig. 3B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on less than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 3C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 3C) with smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 3C) without a double carina, with small more or less bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 3D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e., suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Romania: 2♀♀, 1♂, “Iași county, Iași city, inside apartment, 25.i.2008, M.-D. Mitroiu leg.” (MICO). Turkey: 1♀, 1♂, “Turkey: Ankara, Kavaklidere, 6.viii.1960. 2,700’”, “Guichard & Harvey, B.M. 1960-364”, “♀/♂ Perilampus Perilampus (Panz.), Z. Bouček det. 1972” (NHMUK).

Associated with Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera); presumably a hyperparasitoid.

Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. New species to Romania and Turkey.

This is one of the easiest species to identify, being the only one with a median tubercle on the mesoscutum (Fig. 3C). Moreover, the colour pattern of this species seems unique at least among the European species.

Head and mesosoma green, with bronze gold reflections; metasoma blue green; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 2–3 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 4B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 4B) slightly emarginate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 4B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides slightly defined; in male with oval lateral impressions (Fig. 4B). Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter in female. Frontal keels (Fig. 4B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 4B) striate. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 4A, B) almost smooth. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 4A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 4B) strongly widened distally, ventral pores on nearly all scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 4C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 4C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 4C) without a double carina, with small more or less bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 4D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Mongolia: 1♀, “Mongolia: Central aimak, 12 km S von Somon Bajanbaraat, 1380 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1967”, “Nr. 918, 13.VII.1967”, “Perilampus Perilampus Nik. ♀, Bouček det. 1982” (NHMUK). Romania: 1♀, “Iași county, Gorban, 29.viii.2005, Popovici O. & Moglan I.” (MICO).

Unknown.

Czechia, Germany, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. New species to Romania.

The female of P. aureoviridis can be confused to those of P. laevifrons and P. masculinus; it can be distinguished from those mainly by the larger interspaces on mesoscutum and scutellum (Fig. 4C) and the entirely green body, with slight golden or bronze reflections (Fig. 4A). The males of P. aureoviridis should be easily recognizable being the only ones with oval lateral impressions adjacent to the supraclypeal area and ventral pores on nearly all scape length (Fig. 4B).

Head and metasoma black, mesosoma dark green; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 3.0–3.5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 5A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view unusually long, with distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple (Fig. 5D). Clypeal margin (Fig. 5A, B) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 5A, B) transverse (more than 1.5× as wide as high), sides not defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 5A, B) absent in female, poorly developed in male. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 5A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 5A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 5A): most segments transverse. Male scape (Fig. 5B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on less than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 5C) narrow (more than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 5C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 5C) without a double carina, without bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 5D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures, central area smooth.

Figure 5. 

Perilampus cephalotes A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Austria: 1♂, “Austria inferior, Dürnstein, 1973. H. Aspock, ex Raphidia”, “ex Nemeritis sp. in Raphidia ratzeburgi Brauer”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♂, Z. Bouček det. 1973” (NHMUK). Turkey: 1♀, “Prov. Bolu 75/03, Bolu-Abantsee, 950 m, 40°41'N, 31°25'E, 17.V.”, “Iran-Anatolien Expedition 1975, H. & U. Aspock, H. & R. Rausch, P. Ressl”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Z. Bouček det. 1975” (NHMUK).

Nemeritis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Puncha (= Raphidia) ratzeburgi (Brauer) (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) – new biological association. The female specimen listed above was glued near the remains of a raphidiopteran larva, but without additional information.

Slovakia. New to Austria and Turkey.

Easy to distinguish from all other species due to its unusually large head (Fig. 5D), with a conspicuous sulcus posterior to eye (Fig. 5A–C).

Head and mesosoma except propodeum dorsally dark green to bronze, with slight golden reflections; or black, with bluish reflections mostly on dorsal side of mesosoma; propodeum and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 1.5–3.0 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 6A, B) only slightly wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 6A, B) truncate to slightly emarginate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 6A, B) higher than wide, sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression about equal. Frontal keels (Fig. 6A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 6A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 6A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female: most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 6B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on less than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 6C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 6C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces as large as or larger than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 6C) without a double carina, without any protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 6D) narrow, dorsal margin about as long as pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures, leaving just a very small smooth central area.

Figure 6. 

Perilampus chrysonotus A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Czechia: 1♀, 1♂, “Moravia mer., Mohelno, Bouček lgt. / 6.7.57”, “Perilampus chrysonotus Först. ♀/♂, Det. Z. Bouček 1957” (NHMUK). Romania: 1♀, “Iași county, Breazu village, near Mârzești forest, steppic vegetation, 05.vii.2011, L. Fusu leg.” (MICO); 1♂, “Constanța county, Gura Dobrogei Natural Reserve, 12.v.2007, L. Fusu leg.” (MICO). Sweden: 1♀, “Sk. Åhus, 8/8 1967, K.-J. Hedqvist”, “Standing over: Perilampus maceki in Hedqvist coll., NHMUK(E) 2011-27” (NHMUK).

Associated with Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera).

Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Netherlands, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine. New species to Romania.

This is one of the two European species having a high head in both sexes (Fig. 6A, B). The other species with a similar head is P. intermedius (Fig. 7), which greatly differs from P. chrysonotus mainly in having the prepectus poorly defined anteriorly (i.e., appearing virtually fused with pronotum) and very narrow (Fig. 7D).

Head, lateral sides of mesosoma and metasoma black, dorsal side of mesosoma mainly dark olive green, with slight bronze reflections; female flagellum reddish brown. Body size: 2.2–2.7 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 7A, B) slightly wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 7A, B) convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 7A, B) transverse (about 1.5× as wide as high), sides not defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 7A, B) absent in both sexes. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 7A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 7A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 7A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 7B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 7C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 7C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 7C) without a double carina, without bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 7D) narrow, dorsal margin shorter than pronotal collar; poorly defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum indistinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 7. 

Perilampus intermedius A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D male, prepectus.

Mongolia: 1♀, “Suchebaator aimak, 44 km SSW von Baruum urt, 1050 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1965”, “Nr. 349, 2–3.VIII.1965”, “Perilampus intermedius Bčk., Bouček det. 1982” (NHMUK); 1♂, “Bajanchongor aimak, Oase Echin gol, 90 km NO von Grenzposten Caganbulag, 950 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1967”, “Nr. 855, 27–28.VI.1967”, Perilampus intermedius Bčk., Bouček det. 1982” (NHMUK).

Unknown.

Croatia, Finland, Germany, Mongolia, Slovakia.

This species is closest to P. tristis (Fig. 18), based on the narrow prepectus, which is completely fused with the pronotum. The main features to distinguish both sexes of the two species are given in the key.

Head black, dorsally with blue green reflections; mesosoma dorsally green with golden or bronze reflections; female flagellum brown. Body size: 1.75–3.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 8B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 8B) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 8B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 8B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 8B) striate (more strongly so in male). Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 8A, B) almost smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 8A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 8B) strongly widened distally; ventral pores on more than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 8C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 8C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, rugose. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 8C) without a double carina, with large bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 8D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 8. 

Perilampus laevifrons A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C male, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D male, prepectus.

Greece: 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Patris hill, 37.970°N, 23.489°E, xi.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO). Italy: 1♂, “Italia (Ferrara): Comacchio, Lido d. Naz., 19.8./11.xi.83. Pantaleoni”, “ex planidium fixed to Chrysopa viridana and transferred on Anisochrysa flavifrons”, “Perilampus laevifrons Dalm., Bouček det. 1983” (NHMUK). Mongolia: 1♀, “Mongolia: Central aimak, Tosgoni ovoo, 5–10 km N von Ulaan-Baator, 1500–1700 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1967”, “Nr. 926, 19–20.–23–24.VII.1967”, Perilampus Perilampus Dalm., Bouček det. 1982” (NHMUK). Romania: 1♀, “Cornereva, Caraș-Severin, 44.98325°N, 22.49011°E, 617 m, 16.07.2015, Popovici & Trufin” (MICO); 1♀, “Tulcea county, Măcin National Parc, meadow, Malaise trap, 23–25.vii.2004, M.-D. Mitroiu leg.” (MICO).

Associated with Tortricidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). According to Steffan (1952) a primary parasitoid of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera). This seems to be confirmed by the information above, the species being reared from Pseudomallada (=Anisochrysa) flavifrons (Brauer) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) – new biological association.

Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, North Africa, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom. New species to Greece and Romania.

The female of P. laevifrons can be confused to those of P. aquilus, P. masculinus (Fig. 9) and P. aureoviridis (Fig. 4). It differs from females of P. aquilus in having at least the distal funicular segments quadrate to transverse (Fig. 8A) and the face at least slightly striate between scobes and eye (face smooth in P. aquilus according to Nikol’skaya (1952)) (Fig. 8A, B); from females of P. masculinus mainly in having the supraclypeal area less than 1.5× as wide as high and narrower than the clypeal area (Fig. 8A, B); for differences between P. laevifrons and P. aureoviridis, see the comments on the latter species.

Head black, upper face and vertex with blue green or bronze green reflections; mesosoma dorsally bronze green, occasionally dark bronze or with slight violet reflections; female flagellum brown. Body size: 2.50–3.25 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 9A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 9A, B) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 9A, B) strongly transverse (at least 1.5× as wide as high), sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 9A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 9A, B) slightly striate. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 9A, B) slightly striate near anterior margin of malar depression. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 9A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 9B) slightly widened distally, ventral pores on more than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 9C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 9C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, rugose. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 9C) without a double carina, with large bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 9D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 9. 

Perilampus masculinus A female paratype, head in frontal view B male paratype, head in frontal view C female paratype, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female paratype, prepectus.

Slovakia: 1♀ paratype, “Somotor. Slov. or. 28. VI. 48. Bouček”, “Paratype”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Det. Bouček, 1955”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent, B.M. 1957-682” (NHMUK); 1♂ paratype, “V. Kevežd, Slov. or. 28. VI. 48. Bouček”, “Paratype”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♂, Det. Bouček, 1955”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent, B.M. 1957-682” (NHMUK). Sweden: 1♀, “Upl. Vallentuna 13/7 1961, K-J Hedvist”, “Standing over: Perilampus Perilampus in Hedqvist coll., NHMUK(E) 2011-27” (NHMUK).

Unknown.

Czechia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine. New species to Sweden.

The females can be confused to those of P. laevifrons (Fig. 8) and P. aureoviridis (Fig. 4); see comments on those species.

Head green or blue-green; mesosoma dorsally blackish with slight blue-green reflections; metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.0–3.5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 10A) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 10A) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 10A) quadrate, sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression slightly shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 10A) not developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 10A) almost smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 10A) strongly striate. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female: most segments quadrate to transverse. Mesosoma (Fig. 10B) narrow (more than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 10B) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, carinate. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 10B) with a double carina, without bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 10C) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures, leaving a smooth central area.

Figure 10. 

Perilampus micans A female, head in frontal view B female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view C female, prepectus D female, propodeum.

Germany: 1♀, “Germany, Munich, VI.1922, Prof. Eseheniel”, “Ex Lyctus linearis”, “Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1933-190”, “Perilampus Perilampus Dlm., Ch. Ferrière det.” (NHMUK). Sweden: 1♀, “Sm., Hornsö, Långemåla, 9/7 1941, O. Lundblad”, “Standing over Perilampus Perilampus in Hedqvist coll., NHMUK(E) 2011-27” (NHMUK).

Associated with Lyctidae (Coleoptera), Oecophoridae, Pyralidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). According to Bouček, the “micans-group [contains] primary parasites of xylophagous beetles” (Bouček 1956: 89).

Armenia, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America.

This is one of the most distinct species of Perilampus due to the strongly striate lower face (Fig. 10A), the narrow mesosoma (Fig. 10B), the double carina at the posterior margin of scutellum (Fig. 10D), and the completely reticulate propodeum (Fig. 10D).

Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown, ventrally lighter. Body size: 1.8–2.7 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 11A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 11A, B) convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 11A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 11A, B) poorly developed (stronger in male). Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 11A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 11A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 11A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 11B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on less than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 11C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 11C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, almost smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 11C) without a double carina, with small hardly bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 11D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 11. 

Perilampus minutalis A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

France: 1♀, 1♂, “France, Var: St. Tropez, 16.VI.80 Bouček”, “♀/♂ Perilampus Perilampus Steff., det. Z. Bouček, 1981” (NHMUK). Greece: 7♀♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr. 13.VI-19.VI.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 3♀♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr. 27.VI-03.VII.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 7♀♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr. 20.VI-26.VI.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 2♀♀, “Kerkini lake, Malaise trap, Krousia Mts. Site, 04.VII to 10.VII.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini lake, Malaise trap, Ecotourism Site, Lithotopos, 29.VIII-04.IX.2006, 41°18'15.6"N, 23°13'01.2"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr. 06.VI-12.VI.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini lake; Malaise trap; Krousia Mts. Site, 12.IX to 18.IX.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, 1♂, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 22–28.VIII.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 20.VI to 26.VI.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 6♂♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Ano Vasilika, 37.98822°N, 23.49196°E, ix.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 3♂♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Ano Vasilika, 37.98822°N, 23.49196°E, 14.ix.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO) ; 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Ano Vasilika, 37.98822°N, 23.49196°E, 14.ix.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (ZMUA).

Unknown.

Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Spain. New species to Greece.

This species is similar to P. neglectus (Fig. 12) and P. noemi (Fig. 14). From the first species it can be separated by the larger ocelli in both sexes, while from the latter mainly by the body colour (without metallic reflections) and larger ocelli, at least in male.

Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.0–2.6 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 12A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 12A, B) truncate to very slightly convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 12A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides slightly defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 12A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 12A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 12A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 12A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 12B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 12C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 12C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 12C) without a double carina, with small hardly bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 12D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin at most with extremely small punctures.

Figure 12. 

Perilampus neglectus A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female paratype, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 13.VI to 19.VI.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO). Moldova: 1♀, “Onițcani MCCP, 7.VII.69, Talitzki [in Russian]”, Yp. malinellus 44 (18.VI.69 – N. armillata”, “Presented to NHMUK 1974, Z. Bouček”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Z. Bouček det. 1973”. Slovakia: 1♀ Paratype, “Slovakia or. Turňa nad Bodv., Bouček”, “Paratype”, “Perilampus Perilampus ♀, n, Bčk., Det. Z. Bouček 1955” (NHMUK).

Associated with Gelechiidae, Lymantriidae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Braconidae (Hymenoptera).

Austria, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia. New species to Greece.

For differences from similar species see P. minutalis (Fig. 11). The male was not described by Bouček (1956), or by subsequent authors. It is very similar to the female in most characters (see the diagnosis above), but differs mainly in having darker and thicker antennae, including the scape, with ventral pores visible on half the scape length (Fig. 12B).

Head and mesosoma blue, with slight green or bronze reflections; metasoma bluish-black; female flagellum brownish-black, partly lighter ventrally. Body size: 3–5 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 13A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 13A, B) emarginate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 13A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides not defined; in males without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression about equal in female. Frontal keels (Fig. 13A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 13A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 13A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 13A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 13B) slightly widened distally, ventral pores on more than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 13C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 13C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 13C) without a double carina, with small hardly bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 13D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures (anterior side sometimes with much smaller punctures or partly interrupted), leaving a large smooth central area.

Figure 13. 

Perilampus nitens A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

France: 2♀, “Ventoux: Col de Perrache (4) 8. 8. 1988”, “fts descr. of chlorinus Fö.”, “Perilampus Perilampus Wlk. ♀, Bouček det. 1989” (NHMUK); 1♂, “Mont Ventoux, Col de Perrache (2) 22. 7. 1978”, “Perilampus Perilampus Wlk. ♂, Bouček det. 2001” (NHMUK). Romania: 1♀, 1♂, “Iași county, Bârnova forest, Poiana Ciobanului, 21.vi.2007, L. Fusu & O. Popovici leg.” (MICO); 1♀, “Iași county, Bârnova forest, Poiana cu Schit Nat. Res., 28.vi.2017, ent. net, Leg. M.-D. Mitroiu” (MICO).

Associated with Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Braconidae (Hymenoptera).

Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Perilampus nitens is part of the group of species without any frontal keels. It most closely resembles P. ruschkai (Fig. 17) and can be separated from it mainly by the more strongly punctuate gena and frons between eye and scrobes (Fig. 13A, B), the supraclypeal area poorly defined (Fig. 13A, B), and the body entirely blue (Fig. 13). According to Bouček (see Material examined), P. chlorinus Förster, 1859 could be the same as P. nitens; however, these have not been formally synonymized, as the type of P. chlorinus is probably lost.

Head and metasoma black; mesosoma dorsally black, with distinct violet, bronze or/and golden green reflections; female flagellum brownish-black, clava somewhat lighter. Body size: 1.75–3.00 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 14A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 14A, B) slightly convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 14A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides slightly or not defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 14A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 14A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 14A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 14A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 14B) slightly widened distally, ventral pores on about half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 14C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 14C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, rugose. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 14C) without a double carina, with large bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 14D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures (anterior side with much smaller punctures or partly interrupted), leaving just a very small smooth central area.

Figure 14. 

Perilampus noemi A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Greece: 1♀, “Attiki, Salamina, Agios Lavrendios, 37.962996°N, 23.514664°E, v.2020, By Hand, Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, “Attiki, Salamina, Agios Lavrendios, 37.962996°N, 23.514664°E, vii.2020, By Hand, Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, 3♂♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Ano Vasilika, 37.98822°N, 23.49196°E, ix.2020, By hand, Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Patris hill, 37.970°N, 23.489°E, x.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♂ “Greece/Crete; 35.094319°N, 24.706687°E; 18.10.2022 on Urginea maritima”, “E. Klimsa leg.”. Mongolia: 1♀ “Mongolia, Gobi Altaj aimak, Zachuj Gobi, 10 km N von Chatan chajrchan Gebirge, 1150 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1966”, “Nr. 591, 27.VI.1966”, “Perilampus Perilampus Nik. ♀ Bouček det. 1982” (NHMUK); 1♂ “Mongolia: Bajanchongor aimak, Cagan Bogd ul, zw. Talyn bilgech bulag und Caganbulag, 25 km WSW v. Quelle, 1450 m, Exp. Dr. Z. Kaszab, 1966”, “Nr. 842, 24.VI.1967”, “Perilampus Perilampus Nik. ♂ Bouček det. 1982”, “NHMUK014583387” (NHMUK).

Unknown.

Mongolia and Tadzhikistan, the latter cited by Bouček (1983). New species to Europe.

In Bouček’s key (1956) specimens of P. noemi go to couplet 17 (P. laevifrons and P. neglectus). However, P. noemi differs from both these species mainly in the shape and sculpture of the prepectus (Fig. 14D) and body colour (Fig. 14). Additionally, from P. laevifrons (Fig. 8) it differs mainly in having the upper face smooth and the clypeal margin slightly convex (Fig. 14A, B), while from P. neglectus (Fig. 12) in having the posterior margin of scutellum with a larger bilobed protruding projection (Fig. 14C). According to Darling and Yoo (2021), females of P. noemi are undistinguishable from females of P. khor Yoo & Darling, 2021 (described from the United Arab Emirates), while the males of the two species can be separated based on several features, the structure of the scape being the most striking (Darling and Yoo 2021: 114). However, the scape of the NHMUK014583387 male (identified as P. noemi by Bouček, see Material examined) is much more similar to the scape of the P. khor male (Darling and Yoo 2021: fig. 4J, K) than the scape of the ROME188145 male (Darling and Yoo 2021: fig. 5D, also identified as P. noemi), although in NHMUK014583387 the ventral pores occupy a rather larger portion of the scape as compared to those in P. khor. Concerning scape morphology, all males from Greece (Fig. 14B) are similar to NHMUK014583387 and different from ROME188145. One possibility is that ROME188145 is in fact not P. noemi, as also indicated by differences from the P. noemi female: the arrangement of the ocelli, the shape of the clypeal margin, and the relative dimensions of the clypeal and supraclypeal areas. However, Nikols’kaya’s original material of P. noemi as well as additional specimens should be examined before assessing the variability of the involved species and taking any taxonomic decisions.

Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; female flagellum dark brown. Body size: 2.8–3.4 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 15A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 15A, B) truncate to very slightly convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 15B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides well defined; in male without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 15A, B) absent. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 15A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 15A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 15A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 15B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on less than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 15C) narrow (more than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 15C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 15C) without a double carina, without bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 15D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin with incomplete row of small punctures.

Figure 15. 

Perilampus polypori A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C male, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Austria: 1♀, “Austria Inferior, Bezirk Scheibbs, ex Raphidia, 1973. H. Aspock”, “1075”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♀, Z. Bouček det. 1973” (NHMUK). Sweden: 1♂, “Ör. dist. – A.J., 14/8 82”, “Sweden: Örebro distr., leg. A. Jansson”, “Perilampus Perilampus Bčk. ♂, Z. Bouček det. 1972” (NHMUK).

Raphidia sp. (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae).

Croatia, Czechia, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom. New species to Austria.

Superficially similar to other small black species, e.g., P. cephalotes (Fig. 5), P. maceki, P. minutalis (Fig. 11), P. neglectus (Fig. 12) or P. tristis (Fig. 18), from which it can be separated using the characters given in the key.

Head blue, with slight green reflections; mesosoma except propodeum dorsally dark green, with slight golden bronze reflections; propodeum and metasoma blue with violet reflections; female flagellum orange, claval apex dark. Body size: 3.0–3.8 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 16A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 16A, B) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 16A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides slightly defined; in males without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 16A, B) well developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 16A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 16A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 16A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 16B) slightly widened distally; ventral pores on about half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 16C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 16C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, rugose. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 16C) without a double carina, without any protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 16D) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 16. 

Perilampus ruficornis A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

France: 1♂, “France, Vaucluse, Mt. Ventoux, III. 1981. P. du Merle”, “ex Lypha dubia in T. viridana”, “♂ Peril. ruficornis (F.), Z. Bouček det. 1984” (NHMUK). Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake nr. Promahonah, Procom site, Malaise tr. 21–27.IV.2008, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 2♂♂, “Kerkini Lake N Park, Kerkini Mts, nr. Ramna st., YPT, temp. forest nr. stream, 640 m, 41°17’44"N, 23°11'37"E, 08.IV.2010, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO). South Korea: 1♀, “S. Korea Gyeongido Gapyeong-gun Seo-myeon Magok-I / 3 Mal. tr. in forest. area, 37°42.97'N, 127°35.45'E, 4.V–6.VI.2006 Tripotin rec.” (MICO). Turkey: 1♀, “Turkey, Artvin. Above Artvin. 900 m., 6.vi.1962, Guichard & Harvey. B.M. 1962-299”, “♀ Perilampus Perilampus (F.), Z. Bouček det. 1971” (NHMUK).

Associated with Glossinidae (Diptera), Crabronidae, Cynipidae (Hymenoptera), Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae (Lepidoptera); hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae (Diptera), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera).

Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Nigeria, Peoples’ Republic of China, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. New species to Greece, South Korea and Turkey.

Very similar to P. eximius. Except for body colour, the separation characters given by Nikol’skaya (1952), Steffan (1952) and Bouček (1956) are difficult to interpret without comparative material. In the examined specimens the pronotal collar is considerably shorter medially than laterally (as stated for P. eximius), but the scutellum is hardly convex in the female (as in P. ruficornis), but clearly convex in the male (as in P. eximius). Because the body colour (Fig. 16) better matches P. ruficornis than P. eximius and the posterior margin of the scutellum has a very slight emargination (as stated by Nikol’skaya for P. ruficornis) we decided in the favour of the latter species; however, more material should be examined before deciding if these are meaningful differences to separate the two species. The comparative material from NHMUK identified by Z. Bouček is very similar to our specimens, but unfortunately we could not find any specimens of P. eximius in NHMUK.

Head and mesosoma mostly green, with golden or bronze reflections; metasoma black, dark green or bronze green in distal half; female flagellum dark brown, lighter ventrally. Body size: 3–4 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 17A) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 17A) truncate. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 17A) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides well defined; in males without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression shorter. Frontal keels (Fig. 17A) absent in female, slightly defined in male. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 17A) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 17A) smooth. Lateral ocellus large (OOL less than twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female: most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape slightly widened distally, ventral pores on more than half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 17B) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 17B) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 17B) without a double carina, without bilobed protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 17C) wide, dorsal margin longer than pronotal collar; well defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum very distinct); all sides with punctures, leaving a large smooth central area.

Figure 17. 

Perilampus ruschkai A male, head in frontal view B female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view C female, prepectus D female, propodeum.

Finland: 1♂, “17093”, “Lojo”, “Forsius”, “coll. Hellen”, “Perilampus Perilampus Hellén ♂, G.J. Kerrich det. 1957”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent BM 1958-391” (NHMUK). Sweden: 1♀, “Gotska Sandön, 17/7 1952, K.-J. Hedqvist”, “Perilampus Perilampus Hellén ♀, G.J. Kerrich det. 1960” (NHMUK).

Associated with Geometridae (Lepidoptera); presumably a hyperparasitoid.

Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Sweden.

Very similar to P. nitens (Fig. 13), from which it differs in having the frons between eye and scrobes not punctate (Fig. 17A), the supraclypeal area rather well defined (Fig. 17A), the male eyes larger (Fig. 17A), and the head and mesosoma mostly green (Fig. 17).

Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; mesosoma rarely with faint bluish or bronze reflections; female flagellum brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 1.50–2.75 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 18A, B) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 18A, B) truncate to slightly convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 18A, B) slightly transverse (less than 1.5× as wide as high), sides slightly defined; in males without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression about equal in female, shorter in male. Frontal keels (Fig. 18A, B) poorly developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 18A, B) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 18A, B) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 18A): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 18B) strongly widened distally; ventral pores on about half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 18C) not narrow (less than 1.4× as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 18C) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth to finely striate. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 18C) without a double carina, without any protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 18D) narrow, dorsal margin shorter than pronotal collar; poorly defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum almost indistinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Figure 18. 

Perilampus tristis A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.

Cyprus: 2♀ “Cyprus: Pera Pedi., 13.vi.1937.”, “G.A. Mavromoustakis, B.M. 1937-808”, “♀ Perilampus Perilampus Mayr, Z. Bouček det. 1972” (NHMUK); 1♂ “Cyprus: Limassol, 21.viii.1934, G.A. Mavromoustakis, B.M. 1935-55”, “Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♂, Z. Bouček det. 1981” (NHMUK). Greece: 3♀♀, “Attiki, Zografou, Panepistimioupolis, 37.9719°N, 23.7584°E, v.2020, By Hand, Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, “Attiki, Zografou, Panep/lis, 37.97191°N, 23.7584°E, 2.v.18, 130 m, Coll: Demetriou, J.” (MICO); 1♀, “Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, iv.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, 30.iv.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, “Attiki, Athens, Geoponiko, 37.9832°N, 23.7048°E, 11.ix.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Patris hill, 37.970°N, 23.489°E, x.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 4♂♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Pilos, 37.92358°N, 23.49558°E, 3.v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♂, “Attiki, Salamina, Lamprano, 37.8921°N, 23.4266°E, 1.v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (MICO); 1♀, “Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, 17.iv.2021, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V.” (ZMUA). Romania: 1♀, “MH, P. Fier, Dubova, Ciucaru Mare, 14–16.VII.09, 44°36’01.8"N, 22°15’34.8"E, OP & LF, sweep, 200 m” (MICO); 1♀, “Iași county, Valea lui David Natural Reserve, 11.vi.1999, sweep, Fusu leg.” (MICO); 12♀♀, 10♂♂, “Iași county, Breazu village, near Mârzești forest, steppic vegetation, 05.vii.2011, L. Fusu leg.” (MICO); 2♂♂, “Tulcea county, Măcin National Parc, meadow, Malaise trap, 23–25.vii.2004, M.-D. Mitroiu leg.” (MICO). Spain: 3♀, “Calella d. Costa (Barcelona) Spain, Bouček VI.1971” (NHMUK); 1♀, “Spain (Granada): La Herradura, 2.vii.74. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, “Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1974” (NHMUK); 2♀, “Spain (Madrid): Escorial, 7.vii.1974. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, “♀ P. tristis Mayr, det. Z. Bouček 1981” (NHMUK); 1♀, “Spain (Malaga): Estepona, 29–30.vi.74. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, “Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1974” (NHMUK). Turkey: 1♀, “Turkey, Ankara, 7.viii.1951, S. Erkilic”, “ex larva of Carpocapsa pomonella”, “Com. Inst. Ent., coll. no. 12540”, “Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, G.J. Kerrich det. 1962”, “Pres by Com Inst Ent BM 1953-623” (NHMUK); 4♀, 1♂, “Turkey: Kutahya, Murat Dagi. 1200 m, 31.vii.1962”, “Guichard & Harvey, B.M. 1962-299”, “Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1981” (NHMUK).

Associated with Cossidae, Gelechiidae, Oecophoridae, Pyralidae, Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), Raphidiidae (Neuroptera); hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae (Diptera), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). During our field work, this species was abundantly found on Phlomis fruticosa.

Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Peoples’ Republic of China, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. New species to Cyprus, Greece, Spain and Turkey.

Perilampus tristis is one of the most easily recognizable species due to the black body colour (Fig. 18) and prepectus structure, which is virtually fused with the pronotum, with virtually no suture line separating it from the pronotum, and very narrow (Fig. 18D).

Face without a horn (Fig. 19B). Scrobes laterally not carinate (Fig. 19B). Pronotum with two transverse projections (Fig. 19C, D). Prepectus about equal to length of adjacent pronotal collar (Fig. 19D). Scutellum only slightly produced over propodeum (Fig. 19A). Marginal vein longer than postmarginal vein (Fig. 19A). Petiole inconspicuous, ovipositor sheaths curved upwards and projecting (Fig. 19A).

Figure 19. 

Steffanolampus salicetum A female, habitus in lateral view B female, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, detail of head and mesosoma in lateral view.

See generic diagnosis.

Greece: 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site Malaise, 04.VII -10.VII.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Promohonas, Procom site, Malaise, 20.VI to 26.VI.2007, 41°22'38.1"N, 23°21'58.8"E, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO); 1♀, “Kerkini Lake N. Park, Kerkini, Krousia Mts site, Malaise tr. 13.VI-19.VI.2007, 41°11'32.4"N, 23°03'59.5"E, 190 m, Leg. Gordon Ramel” (MICO).

Associated with Anobiidae (Coleoptera).

Austria, Canada, Hungary; recently recorded from Poland (Wiśniowski and Olbrycht 2021); introduced to Europe from the Nearctic realm (United States of America) (Peck 1974). New species to Greece.

Apart from the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, Steffanolampus is otherwise very similar to Perilampus.