Latest Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research Latest 5 Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research https://jhr.pensoft.net/ Thu, 28 Mar 2024 16:21:50 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://jhr.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research https://jhr.pensoft.net/ A new species of Eucharissa Westwood (Eucharitidae) from South Africa, with an evaluation of the importance of pupae for assessing relationships in these ant parasitoids https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/56042/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79: 43-55

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.79.56042

Authors: John M. Heraty, Nokuthula Mbanyana, Simon Van Noort

Abstract: Eucharissa (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) is an enigmatic genus within Chalcidoidea. Adults have at least 16 antennal segments, which is shared only by the closely related genus, Saccharissa, with some species of Eucharissa having as many as 22 antennal segments. At most, other Chalcidoidea have up to 14 segments. Phylogenetic analyses place Eucharissa within the poneromorph-ant attacking clade, but until now, the host and immature stages of this genus were unknown. Eucharissa insolita sp. nov. was discovered in two cocoons of Bothroponera granosa (Ponerinae) from South Africa; one a fully developed male and the other a second-instar larva. The larval exuviae present within the cocoons allowed for description of the life stages and comparison with other members of the poneromorph-attacking clade of Eucharitidae. Morphology of the pupa across Eucharitidae is reviewed, and synapomorphies of the immature stages are identified that support monophyly of the poneromorph-attacking clade within the tribe Eucharitini.

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Research Article Fri, 30 Oct 2020 19:59:04 +0200
Sampling of parasitoid Hymenoptera: influence of the height on the ground https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/54309/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 78: 19-31

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.78.54309

Authors: Ricardo Chan-Canché, Horacio Ballina-Gómez, Jorge Leirana-Alcocer, Santiago Bordera, Alejandra González-Moreno

Abstract: Parasitoid hymenopterans are a highly diverse group of insects; therefore, the choice of an adequate sampling method becomes important to achieve a representative species richness of a site. The aim of this work is to evaluate the size and diversity of parasitoids in relation to the height of the Malaise trap placement above the ground of a low deciduous forest from Yucatan, Mexico. Parasitoids were collected from September to October 2015, using three Malaise traps at ground level and other three located right above the others, leaving no space between them, at a height of 1.5 m. The collected specimens were identified at family level. A total of 4083 parasitoids belonging to 31 families were collected, representing 93% of the sample’s completeness, according to Jack 1 estimator; with differences in richness and abundance between trap heights according to rarefaction and fixed effects multifactorial ANOVA, respectively. Bethylidae, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were the most abundant families. Besides, when analyzing the differences of each family by separate, there were significant results for Bethylidae, Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae with more individuals in the traps at ground level than in the raised ones. In a further analysis, the effect of body size on the capture height was observed. The specimens of larger size belonging to the families Bethylidae, Sphecidae, Sclerogibbidae and Evaniidae were more collected at ground level, on the other hand, the larger sized Ichneumonidae were collected at raised level.

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Research Article Mon, 31 Aug 2020 15:46:47 +0300
Biting the bullet: revisionary notes on the Oraseminae of the Old World (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eucharitidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/11482/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 55: 139-188

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.55.11482

Authors: Roger A. Burks, John M. Heraty, Jason Mottern, Chrysalyn Dominguez, Scott Heacox

Abstract: Twelve genera of Oraseminae (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) are recognized in the Old World. The genus Orasema Cameron is now considered as found only in the New World, and the Old World species, previously treated as species groups, are now treated as distinct genera. Eight new genera are proposed: Australosema gen. n., Cymosema gen. n., Hayatosema gen. n., Ibitya gen. n., Ivieosema gen. n., Leiosema gen. n., Matantas gen. n., and Zuparka gen. n. The genus Losbanus Watanabe is given revised status from Orasema. Nine new species are proposed: Australosema politurae sp. n. (Australia), A. verghetta sp. n. (Australia), Cymosema capelina sp. n. (Australia), C. waterworthae sp. n. (Australia), Hayatosema plicator sp. n. (Vietnam), Ivieosema confluens sp. n. (Madagascar), Iv. limula sp. n. (Madagascar), Leiosema lesiolouna sp. n. (Republic of Congo), and Zuparka fisheri sp. n. (Madagascar). New combinations (from Orasema) include Australosema valgius (Walker, 1839), A. synempora (Heraty, 1994), Hayatosema assectator (Kerrich, 1963), H. delhiensis (Narendran & G. Kumar, 2005), H. initiator (Kerrich, 1963), H. kailashi (G. Kumar & Sureshan, 2015), H. nigra (Heraty, 1994), H. nirupama (G. Kumar & Narendran, 2007), H. siruvanica (G. Kumar & Sureshan, 2015), Ibitya communis (Risbec, 1952), Ib. seyrigi (Risbec, 1952), Ivieosema fraudulenta (Reichensperger, 1913), Iv. striatosoma (Heraty, 1994), Leiosema glabra (Heraty, 1994), Losbanus bouceki (Heraty, 1994), L. ishii (Heraty, 1994), L. promecea (Heraty, 1994), L. rugulosa (Heraty, 1994), Matantas koghisiana (Heraty, 1994), and Zuparka monomoria (Heraty, 2000). Losbanus uichancoi Ishii, 1932 is given revised status from Orasema. Distribution records, a new host association of Pheidole (Myrmicinae) for Ibitya communis, and an identification key to the Old World genera and species are provided. Parasitoid, Formicidae, morphology, revision, Palaeotropical

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Research Article Fri, 28 Apr 2017 10:56:05 +0300
The life history of Pseudometagea schwarzii, with a discussion of the evolution of endoparasitism and koinobiosis in Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Chalcidoidea) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1651/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 1-15

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.35.6025

Authors: John Heraty, Elizabeth Murray

Abstract: The immature stages and behavior of Pseudometagea schwarzii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Eucharitini) are described, and the presence of an endoparasitic planidium that undergoes growth-feeding in the larva of the host ant (Lasius neoniger Emery) is confirmed. Bayesian inference and parsimony ancestral state reconstruction are used to map the evolution of endoparasitism across the eucharitid-perilampid clade. Endoparasitism is proposed to have evolved independently three times within Eucharitidae, including once in Pseudometagea Ashmead, and at least twice in Perilampus Latreille. Endoparasitism is independent as an evolutionary trait from other life history traits such as differences in growth and development of the first-instar larva, hypermetamorphic larval morphology, and other biological traits, including koinobiosis.

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Research Article Fri, 25 Oct 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Nectary use for gaining access to an ant host by the parasitoid Orasema simulatrix (Hymenoptera, Eucharitidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1599/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 27: 47-65

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.27.3067

Authors: Bryan Carey, Kirk Visscher, John Heraty

Abstract: Eucharitidae is the only family of insects known to specialize as parasitoids of ant brood. Eggs are laid away from the host onto or in plant tissue, and the minute first-instars (planidia) are responsible for gaining access to the host through some form of phoretic attachment to the host ant or possibly through an intermediate host such as thrips. Orasema simulatrix (Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) are shown to deposit their eggs into incisions made on leaves of Chilopsis linearis (Bignoniaceae) in association with extrafloral nectaries (EFN). Nectary condition varies from fluid-filled on the newest leaves, to wet or dry nectaries on older leaves. Filled nectaries were about one third as common as dry nectaries, but were three times as likely to have recent oviposition. Larger numbers of undeveloped eggs, or eggs with mature planidia inside, were associated with filled and wet EFN. For emerged planidia, the distribution was shifted from a concentration at filled nectaries to an even greater concentration at wet nectaries. More planidia were found in EFN (9.50 ±2.85) than outside EFN (1.00 ± 0.60). Planidia were tested for their attachment to adult and larval ants and to adult and immature thrips (potential intermediate host), but the results do not support simple attachment as a viable means for transfer and successful parasitism. Pheidole desertorum was identified as the host ant, and at night is the dominant ant in the tree canopy of C. linearis. Feeding at the EFN by the host ant, and the direct association with planidia near to or in the EFN, is interpreted as a novel means of accessing the host brood.

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Research Article Thu, 31 May 2012 00:00:00 +0300