Latest Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research Latest 39 Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research https://jhr.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 10:40:50 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://jhr.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Journal of Hymenoptera Research https://jhr.pensoft.net/ A new species of Typhlomyrmex from Colombia, re-description of the worker of T. clavicornis Emery, description of the worker of T. prolatus Brown, and key of known species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/103219/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96: 579-597

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.96.103219

Authors: Fernando Fernández, Gianpiero Fiorentino, Daniel Castro

Abstract: Typhlomyrmex Mayr is a genus of small and cryptic ants of the subfamily Ectatomminae. Here, we provide taxonomic notes on the ants of the genus Typhlomyrmex Mayr from Colombia, along with the description of Typhlomyrmex encanto sp. nov. based on the worker caste, and the re-description / description of the worker caste of T. clavicornis Emery and T. prolatus Brown. Finally, we offer a key for the known species of Typhlomyrmex, and distribution maps for the three species this study focuses on.

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Research Article Mon, 10 Jul 2023 00:34:23 +0300
Quantitative morphology and mtDNA reveal that Lasius maltaeus is not endemic to the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/96365/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 95: 129-142

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.95.96365

Authors: Mattia Menchetti, Enrico Schifani, Antonio Alicata, Roger Vila

Abstract: Lasius maltaeus Seifert, 2020 was recently described as a Maltese endemic ant based on quantitative morphology, after decades of uncertainties over the identity of the local population, which has a phenotype resembling L. emarginatus (Olivier, 1791). At the same time, Sicilian L. emarginatus populations were discovered to diverge in their mitochondrial DNA to a degree that suggested heterospecificity. Considering the biogeographic similarity of Malta and Sicily, with land bridges connecting them repeatedly until the last glacial maximum, we questioned the assumption that L. maltaeus was endemic to Malta. We integrated quantitative morphology and mtDNA in the study of the Maltese and southern Italian populations phenotypically close to L. emarginatus. We discovered that the range of L. maltaeus extends over most of Sicily, while the true L. emarginatus replace it in the north-eastern sector of the island, the nearby Aeolian Islands, and the Italian peninsula. The distributions of L. emarginatus and L. maltaeus in Sicily follow biogeographic patterns recalling the island’s complex paleogeographic history. Further investigations should verify the existence of truly Maltese endemic ants, since the status of other allegedly endemic species is not strongly supported.

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Research Article Fri, 17 Feb 2023 18:31:32 +0200
Discovery of a new phragmotic species of the ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Cambodia https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/82490/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91: 357-374

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.82490

Authors: Shingo Hosoishi, Seiki Yamane, Heng Sokh

Abstract: Several phragmotic species in the ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 with a cephalic shield are known from the Old World, but species with an anteriorly truncated head seem to be unknown until now. A new species, resembling the phragmotic workers of the ant genus Colobopsis, is here described as Carebara colobopsis Hosoishi & Yamane, sp. nov., based on major and minor worker found in Cambodia. This new species is similar to Carebara acutispina (Xu) and C. obtusidenta (Xu) in some important characters, but distinguished from the latter two by distinct metanotum and deep groove in front of metanotal disc in the major worker, and longer head and deep metanotal groove in the minor worker. This is the first confirmed record of a truncated phragmotic head in the major worker of the genus Carebara. We propose the Carebara acutispina species group to include all the three species, present a diagnosis of this group, and provide a key to species based on the major and minor worker castes.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Jun 2022 17:00:13 +0300
Hygienic behavior and antimicrobial peptide expression of the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) to Metharhizium anisopliae https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/82381/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91: 335-356

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.82381

Authors: Juan Sebastián Gómez-Díaz, Andrea Niño-Castro, Sandra Milena Valencia-Giraldo, Karent Mariana Cotazo-Calambas

Abstract: Leaf-cutting ants depend on mutualisticfungi to survive. An infection that massively affects the workers compromising the proper maintenance of the fungus, or that can attack the fungus garden, can be fatal to the colony. Thus, leaf-cutting ants have evolved a complex defense system composed of both innate individual immunity and collective immunity to protect the colony against potential threats. To characterize the collective and individual immunity of Atta cephalotes workers to Metarizhium anisopliae we assessed the hygienic behavior and the expression of antimicrobial peptides of A. cephalotes workers triggered by Metarizhium anisopliae spores. As a control challenge, workers were treated with water. Regardless of whether the challenge was with water or spore suspension, A. cephalotes workers displayed an immediate response characterized by an increase in time spent both self-grooming and collective grooming along with a reduction in time spent fungus-grooming. The individual immunity triggered the expression of abaecin as early as 24 hours post-infection, exclusively in workers challenged with M. anisopliae. In contrast, the level of expression of defensin remained constant. These results suggest that upon being challenged with a suspension of M. anisopliae spores, A. cephalotes workers deploy both collective and individual immunity to produce a response against the invader. However, when the spores of M. anisopliae are applied as liquid suspension collective immunity deploys a generic strategy, while individual immunity shows a specific response against this entomopathogen.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Jun 2022 17:00:12 +0300
Three new exotic species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) for Madeira, with comments on its myrmecofauna https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/81624/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91: 321-333

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.91.81624

Authors: Rhian Guillem, Keith Bensusan

Abstract: Three new exotic species of ants are recorded for the Macaronesian island of Madeira: Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler, 1929, Lepisiota capensis (Mayr, 1862) and Pheidole navigans Forel, 1901. The well-known invasive Pheidole megacephala is now rare on Madeira, possibly because of competition with P. navigans. We did not come across the Argentine ant – Linepithema humile, which was once very common in the Funchal area. Despite extensive searching, the presumed endemic Temnothorax wollastoni (Donisthorpe, 1940) remains unknown other than from the type material. Presence, abundance and extinction of invasive and exotic ants are dynamic processes and we stress the importance of continuous sampling.

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Short Communication Thu, 30 Jun 2022 17:00:11 +0300
Azteca ants repair damage to their Cecropia host plants https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/75855/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 61-70

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.88.75855

Authors: Alex Wcislo, Xavier Graham, Stan Stevens, Johannes Ehoulé Toppe, Lucas Wcislo, William T. Wcislo

Abstract: Some Azteca ants are well-known symbionts that defend their Cecropia host plants against herbivory, although there is considerable variability in behavior among colonies, conditions, and species. In exchange, ants receive food, and also shelter within the plants’ internodes. Here we demonstrate that ants repair damage to the host plant when their brood is directly threatened. Using comminuted plant fibers and an unidentified binding liquid (probably plant sap) ants generally began patching holes in the tree trunk immediately, and significantly reduced the size of the hole 2.5 hours after it was created, and they generally completed the repairs within 24 hours.

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Short Communication Thu, 30 Dec 2021 14:15:01 +0200
Update on the invasion status of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), in Madrid, a large city in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/65725/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 161-177

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.85.65725

Authors: Diego López-Collar, Francisco J. Cabrero-Sañudo

Abstract: New geolocated records of the invasive ant Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) are added to the previous references for the city of Madrid and its surroundings, and the possible causes of the occurrence and permanence of this species in urban areas are discussed. The data collection corresponds to a series of samplings carried out for the last three years in green areas of the city, bibliographic searches, citizen science platforms and personal communications. To date, eleven locations in the urban area of Madrid and four points outside the city have been registered. The city of Madrid is undergoing a colonisation by the Argentine ant, although it is not widespread yet, since observations over time and space are isolated and apparently unrelated. However, this species has a great capacity to disperse and establish new colonies, mainly human-mediated through the transport of goods, plants, gardening tools, etc. Considering the numerous colonizable urban green areas in the city that can provide the necessary conditions for its expansion, the Argentine ant should not be underestimated, and immediate action is strongly recommended.

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Short Communication Tue, 31 Aug 2021 17:17:12 +0300
Red wood ants in Bulgaria: distribution and density related to habitat characteristics https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/61431/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85: 135-159

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.85.61431

Authors: Vera Antonova, Martin P. Marinov

Abstract: The only National Inventory of red wood ants in Bulgaria was carried out about 50 years ago (1970–1973). Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, F. pratensis Retzius, 1783, F. lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838 and F. polyctena (as F. polyctena x rufa hybrid) were found in a current monitoring programme. This study presents data on their current distribution and nest density, and provides more details about the habitat requirements for conservation purposes. Field studies were carried out by the transect method along the main mountainous areas in Bulgaria. We found 256 nests of red wood ants along 172 transects. The most abundant species was F. lugubris, followed by F. rufa and F. pratensis. Among the environmental variables, the elevation, exposure, ecological groups of plants, stone cover, grass cover, canopy cover and forest age appeared as significantly related to the presence and nest density of red wood ants.

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Research Article Tue, 31 Aug 2021 17:17:05 +0300
New extinct ant genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from late Eocene Rovno amber https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/65238/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 271-282

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.84.65238

Authors: Alexander G. Radchenko, Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin

Abstract: A new fossil myrmicine ant genus and species Lelejus venustus gen. et sp. nov., are described from late Eocene Rovno amber (Priabonian, 33.9–37.8 Ma). This genus differs from all extant and extinct Myrmicinae genera known from the late Eocene European ambers in the combination of morphological features, in particular: 13-segmented antennae with a very short scape and filiform funiculus; 3-segmented maxillary and 2-segmented labial palps; well-developed mandibles with dentate masticatory margin; scutum with broad notauli; forewings with closed cells 1+2r, 3r and mcu, the cell 3r of approximately the same length as cell 1+2r; free vein M branches off from RS approximately at the midlength between the junction of cross-vein 2r-rs with RS and vein m-cu; the cross-vein cu-a is located far from the base of wing, so the branch 1M+Cu is much longer than 2M+Cu. The taxonomic position of the described genus is discussed.

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Research Article Tue, 24 Aug 2021 20:00:15 +0300
Strumigenys perplexa (Smith, 1876) (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) a new exotic ant to Europe with establishment in Guernsey, Channel Islands https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/66829/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83: 101-124

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.83.66829

Authors: Matthew T. Hamer, Andy D. Marquis, Benoit Guénard

Abstract: Ants are continually introduced into regions outside of their natural biogeographic ranges via global trade. The genus Strumigenys Smith 1860 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are minute predators with a growing history of global introductions, although tropical introductions into temperate zones are rarely able to establish outside of heated infrastructures. We report the first record of the Australasian Strumigenys perplexa (Smith 1876) to Europe and the British Isles from four sites on Guernsey, Channel Islands. This novel discovery is likely attributable to the species wide climatic and habitat tolerances, enabling the species to establish away from its natural range in Australasia and from heated-infrastructure. A key to the West Palaearctic Strumigenys species is provided alongside a preliminary and critical checklist of ant species recorded from the Channel Island archipelago, listing 32 species.

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Research Article Mon, 28 Jun 2021 08:49:04 +0300
Formica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/64599/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82: 237-251

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.82.64599

Authors: Alexander G. Radchenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky, Dmitry V. Vasilenko

Abstract: A new species, Formica ribbeckei Radchenko & Perkovsky, sp. nov., is described based on four workers from late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). It most resembles F. flori Mayr, 1868 but differs from the latter mainly by the 5-segmented maxillary palps with the preapical segment subequal in length to the apical one, and by the shorter first funicular segment. Fossil F. luteola Presl, 1822, F. trigona Presl, 1822, F. macrognatha Presl, 1822 and F. quadrata Holl, 1829 are considered incertae sedis in Formicidae. Thus, ten valid Formica Linnaeus, 1758 species (including F. ribbeckei) are known now from late Eocene European ambers. The diversity of Formica in the early and middle Eocene deposits of Eurasia and North America is considered. It is assumed that the genus Formica most likely arose in the early Eocene.

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Research Article Thu, 29 Apr 2021 21:00:09 +0300
Two additions to the Iberian myrmecofauna: Crematogaster inermis Mayr, 1862, a newly established, tree-nesting species, and Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902), an emerging exotic species temporarily nesting in Spain (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/51858/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 78: 57-68

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.78.51858

Authors: Alice Casiraghi, Xavier Espadaler, Nicolás Pérez Hidalgo, Kiko Gómez

Abstract: Exotic ants are a growing component of urban and disturbed habitats worldwide. Sampling in two Iberian Mediterranean localities revealed several exotic species. The tree-nesting, black acrobat ant Crematogaster inermis Mayr, 1862, has been detected nesting outdoors on a Robinia pseudoacacia tree in a public garden in Valencia (Spain) and represents a new addition to the continental European fauna. Collection details, a morphological description, biometry, and the remarkable presence of short spines in smaller specimens are also given for this species. A case of an ephemeral establishment of several exotic ant species in a palm grove is also discussed. This case includes C. inermis and Trichomyrmex mayri, also a novelty for the Iberian Peninsula.

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Short Communication Mon, 31 Aug 2020 08:35:24 +0300
The genus Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 of the Arabian Peninsula with the description of a new species, Lepisiota elbazi sp. nov. from Oman, an updated species identification key, and assessment of zoogeographic affinities https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/50193/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 127-152

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.76.50193

Authors: Mostafa R. Sharaf, Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood, Amr A. Mohamed, Francisco Hita Garcia

Abstract: This study updates and summarizes information on the taxonomy and status of the Arabian Lepisiota fauna. We describe and illustrate the new species Lepisiota elbazi sp. nov. from the Dhofar Governorate, Oman based on the worker caste. The new species is closest to the Arabian species, L. arabica Collingwood, 1985 from the southwestern mountains of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and can be separated by having fewer body hairs (two pairs on the posterior margin of the head, two or three pairs on the promesonotum and, one or two pairs on the first gastral tergite), the longer head, scapes, and propodeal spines, and the shorter mesosoma. We present the first illustrated key to the worker caste of the Arabian species of Lepisiota using stacked digital color images to facilitate species determination. The new species is probably endemic to the Dhofar Governorate and seems rare. An up-to-date synoptic checklist of 21 species representing the Arabian Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 is emended based upon the most recent literature in ant systematics. Five species are excluded from the Arabian Lepisiota fauna, L. arenaria (Arnold, 1920), L. erythraea (Forel, 1910), L. incisa (Forel, 1913), L. sericea (Forel, 1892a), and L. simplex (Forel, 1892) for issues related to previous species misidentification. Lepisiota carbonaria (Emery, 1892) is proposed as a senior synonym of L. depilis (Emery, 1897) syn. nov. The faunal composition of Lepisiota species recorded from the Arabian Peninsula can be divided/delineated into two main groups according to their zoogeographical relationships; (1) Afrotropical (11 species-~52.38%); (2) Palearctic (10 species-~47.62%) elements whereas eight species (~38%) are Arabian endemics.

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Research Article Mon, 27 Apr 2020 19:13:06 +0300
Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, 1894, a globally spreading exotic ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) newly recorded from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/47315/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74: 83-91

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.74.47315

Authors: Michael Staab

Abstract: Exotic ants have been a prevalent ecological problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical islands. Here Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, 1894 is recorded from the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) for the first time, where it was commonly encountered in the town Puerto de la Cruz. This is the first Canary Islands record of this species that is presumably native to Madagascar and surrounding islands. Whether or not P. alluaudi will be able to spread into natural Canary ecosystems that have a high share of endemic species is unknown.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Dec 2019 15:02:08 +0200
Ants trapped for years in an old bunker; survival by cannibalism and eventual escape https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/38972/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 72: 177-184

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.72.38972

Authors: Tomasz Rutkowski, István Maák, Kari Vepsäläinen, Gema Trigos-Peral, Wojciech Stephan, Grzegorz Wojtaszyn, Wojciech Czechowski

Abstract: Successful evacuation of a peculiar ‘colony’ of the wood ant Formica polyctena Först., for years trapped within an old bunker previously used for storing nuclear weapons (see Czechowski et al. 2016), is reported. Using an experimentally installed boardwalk, the imprisoned ants managed to get through the ventilation pipe to their maternal nest on the top of the bunker. In our previous report, we left open the question of how the ‘colony’ could survive seemingly without food. Here we show that the ‘colony’ in the bunker survived and grew thanks to an influx of workers from the source nest above the bunker and mass consumption of corpses of the imprisoned nestmates.

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Short Communication Thu, 31 Oct 2019 10:57:30 +0200
Alate gyne of the ant Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) follows foraging trail to aphids https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/36286/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 71: 241-248

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.71.36286

Authors: Wojciech Czechowski, Gema Trigos-Peral, István Maák, Kari Vepsäläinen

Abstract: The first observation of alate gyne of Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) visiting aphids is described. A gyne walked along a foraging trail to the aphid Panaphis juglandis Goeze colony where it imbibed honeydew excreted on the leaf by the aphids, after which it returned to the trail. This recurred during two more days, always a single alate gyne at a time; hence the total number of gynes, one or more, remained open. The phenomenon, hitherto practically unknown in ants, is presented against the background of the biology of the species and discussed in the context of specific environmental circumstances and the colony dynamics.

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Short Communication Fri, 30 Aug 2019 07:34:44 +0300
The ants of Ohio (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): an updated checklist https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/35207/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 70: 65-87

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.70.35207

Authors: Kaloyan Ivanov

Abstract: I update the last published list of Ohio ants to include 26 new species records and 38 name changes in species already on the list based on literature records, institutional collections, and contemporary collections made by the author or colleagues. At present, 143 species and morphospecies representing 30 native and 5 exotic genera and 7 subfamilies have been recorded for the state. Another seven species are removed from the Ohio ant fauna as they represent distribution anomalies, or are based on erroneous records. Known distribution data suggest that there is still a considerable potential for the discovery of more ant taxa in Ohio.

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Research Article Fri, 28 Jun 2019 09:11:14 +0300
Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/30784/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 49-74

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.68.30784

Authors: Zhilin Chen, Zhigang Yang, Shanyi Zhou

Abstract: Eight species of the ant genus Anochetus are recognized in China: A. graeffei Mayr, A. lanyuensis Leong et al., A. longus sp. n., A. madaraszi Mayr, A. mixtus Radchenko, A. medogensis sp. n., A. risii Forel, A. subcoecus Forel. A. taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989 is proposed as a junior synonym of A. risii Forel, 1900. Anochetus gracilis Karavaiev, 1925 is restored from synonymy of A. risii. A key based on the worker caste is provided for the Chinese species.

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Research Article Mon, 25 Feb 2019 10:19:00 +0200
The effect of Rickia wasmannii (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) on the aggression and boldness of Myrmica scabrinodis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/13253/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 58: 41-52

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.58.13253

Authors: Ferenc Báthori, Zoltán Rádai, András Tartally

Abstract: The interactions of ectosymbiotic Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) fungi and their hosts are rather understudied. Rickia wasmannii Cavara is a common ant-associated Laboulbeniales species that has been reported in 17 countries of Europe, and frequently infects Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a common ant species host, in high density. These make M. scabrinodis and R. wasmannii appropriate model organisms for studies on fungal host-ectosymbiont interactions. Aggressiveness and boldness of infected and uninfected M. scabrinodis workers from northern and eastern Hungary were studied in two laboratory-established behavioural experiments. Infected workers were significantly less aggressive and less bold (i.e. less likely to leave nest shelters) than the uninfected ones. These results suggest that R. wasmannii has considerable effects on the behaviour of M. scabrinodis. Our study brings an evidence that infection of ants with Laboulbeniales might negatively affect the workers’ behaviour. In special, the competitive abilities might be affected most by these fungi, since remaining inside and behaving submissively is not effective behaviour in the case of significant competition for resources among colonies.

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Research Article Thu, 31 Aug 2017 03:22:19 +0300
Three new species of the genus Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from southern China with a key to the known Chinese species https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/10816/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54: 93-112

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.54.10816

Authors: Zhilin Chen, John E. Lattke, Fuming Shi, Shanyi Zhou

Abstract: Three new species of the genus Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 are described from southern China: Gnamptogenys dentihumera Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n., Gnamptogenys nanlingensis Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n. and Gnamptogenys quadrutinodules Chen, Lattke & Zhou, sp. n. A distribution map and an identification key to workers for the known species of China are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 27 Feb 2017 11:27:13 +0200
Exotic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Ohio https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/9135/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 203-226

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.51.9135

Authors: Kaloyan Ivanov

Abstract: The worldwide transfer of plants and animals outside their native ranges is an ever increasing problem for global biodiversity. Ants are no exception and many species have been transported to new locations often with profound negative impacts on local biota. The current study is based on data gathered since the publication of the “Ants of Ohio” in 2005. Here I expand on our knowledge of Ohio’s myrmecofauna by contributing new records, new distributional information and natural history notes. The list presented here contains 10 species with origins in a variety of geographic regions, including South America, Europe, Asia, and Indo-Australia. Two distinct groups of exotics, somewhat dissimilar in their geographic origin, occur in Ohio: a) 3 species of temperate Eurasian origin that have established reproducing outdoor populations; and b) 7 tropical tramp species currently confined to man-made structures. Only Nylanderia flavipes (Smith, 1874) is currently seen to be of concern although its effects on local ant communities appear to be restricted largely to already disturbed habitats. A systematic sampling of disturbed areas, urban sites, plant nurseries and conservatories, where new arrivals can be expected, would extend and build upon our current knowledge of Ohio’s exotic ant fauna.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Aug 2016 17:12:26 +0300
Living beyond the limits of survival: wood ants trapped in a gigantic pitfall https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/9096/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51: 227-239

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.51.9096

Authors: Wojciech Czechowski, Tomasz Rutkowski, Wojciech Stephan, Kari Vepsäläinen

Abstract: A unique accumulation of workers (‘colony’) of the wood ant Formica polyctena Först., trapped within an old bunker for storing nuclear weapons, is described. The source of the ‘colony’ is a large colony nesting outdoors, on top of the bunker. Individuals that have fallen down through a ventilation pipe are not able to find their way back to the mother nest. In total darkness, they have constructed an earthen mound, which they have maintained all-year-round by moulding it and keeping the nest entrances open. Judging from the huge deposits of wood-ant corpses in the bunker, the ‘colony’ has survived for years. Through these years, the mortality has been more than compensated by new workers that fall down during the active season of the free-living colony outside, and at present the number of the bunker workers is counted in hundreds of thousands. The ‘colony’ has evidently produced no offspring, which is due to low (though relatively stable) temperatures and scanty food in the bunker.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Aug 2016 10:20:26 +0300
First confirmed record of the ant genus Myrmecina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Malay Peninsula: description of a new species and a key to Myrmecina species from Sundaland https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/8652/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 50: 129-140

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.50.8652

Authors: Mark K. L. Wong, Benoit Guénard

Abstract: We present the first confirmed record of the little known and uncommon ant genus Myrmecina for the Malay Peninsula. Myrmecina magnificens sp. n., a new species displaying unique anteriorly pointing propodeal spines, is described from specimens of the worker caste collected in a selectively logged primary rainforest in Singapore. We also provide the first key to Myrmecina species of the Sundaland region.

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Research Article Mon, 27 Jun 2016 11:03:24 +0300
Morphology of the male genitalia of Brachymyrmex and their implications in the Formicinae phylogeny https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/8697/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 50: 81-95

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.50.8697

Authors: Christopher M. Wilson, Autumn Smith-Herron, Jerry L. Cook

Abstract: The male genitalia of Brachymyrmex are examined and terminology clarified. We document two conformation groups based on the lateral carina, conformation 1 has a complete lateral carina that reaches the apex of the valviceps and in conformation 2 the lateral carina is broken with the apical end projected dorsally. Previously documented species are evaluated in the context of this new information. We offer support for the movement of Brachymyrmex into the resurrected tribe Myrmelachistini based on the morphology of the penisvalvae, and offer definitive methods of assigning unknown specimens to this genus. This study provides histological methodologies for the preparation, differentiation, and permanent storage of minute ant genitalia structures and the associated musculature.

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Research Article Mon, 27 Jun 2016 10:55:14 +0300
Intraspecific variations in the venom peptidome of the ant Odontomachus haematodus (Formicidae: Ponerinae) from French Guiana https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/6804/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 47: 87-101

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.47.6804

Authors: Axel Touchard, Alain Dejean, Pierre Escoubas, Jerome Orivel

Abstract: Ant venoms are complex cocktails of toxins employed to subdue prey and to protect the colony from predators and microbial pathogens. Although the extent of ant venom peptide diversity remains largely unexplored, previous studies have revealed the presence of numerous bioactive peptides in most stinging ant venoms. We investigated the venom peptidome of the ponerine ant Odontomachus haematodus using LC-MS analysis and then verified whether the division of labor in the colonies and their geographical location are correlated with differences in venom composition. Our results reveal that O. haematodus venom is comprised of 105 small linear peptides. The venom composition does not vary between the different castes (i.e., nurses, foragers and queens), but an intraspecific variation in peptide content was observed, particularly when the colonies are separated by large distances. Geographical variation appears to increase the venom peptide repertoire of this ant species, demonstrating its intraspecific venom plasticity.

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Research Article Tue, 22 Dec 2015 10:20:30 +0200
A rare ant on Samoa: first record of the cryptic subfamily Proceratiinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and description of a new Proceratium Roger species https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/5849/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46: 35-44

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.46.5849

Authors: Cong Liu, Georg Fischer, Evan Economo

Abstract: In this study we present a taxonomic update for the Oceanian Proceratium. A recent ant biodiversity survey in Samoa collected an unknown Proceratium species, which we describe here as Proceratium silisili sp. n. This new species also presents the first record of this genus, as well as the whole subfamily Proceratiinae, in Samoa. Proceratium silisili is clearly distinguishable from the other Oceanian Proceratium species based on the differences in petiole node shape, number of mandible teeth, shape of the abdominal segment IV, as well as the surface sculpture on the head. A detailed description of P. silisili, high-quality specimen images, as well as an identification key to Oceanian species and a diagnostic discussion are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Nov 2015 16:29:44 +0200
Geographic distribution of Leptogenys elongata (Buckley) and Leptogenys manni Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/6555/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46: 127-136

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.46.6555

Authors: James Wetterer

Abstract: Leptogenys elongata and Leptogenys manni (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae), the only described Leptogenys known from the continental US, were recently included on a list of exotic ants established in North America. To evaluate this possibility, I compiled and mapped published and unpublished specimen records of L. elongata and L. manni. Leptogenys elongata records have an essentially continuous distribution through central and eastern Texas (65 counties), southern Oklahoma (one county), and western Louisiana (eight parishes), south through much of Mexico (nine states), plus one questionable record from Colorado and one almost certainly erroneous record from the District of Columbia. Leptogenys manni records are known from much of Florida (22 counties), plus one isolated record from Georgia that needs corroboration. I found no credible evidence that L. elongata or L. manni have established populations anywhere beyond their native ranges.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Nov 2015 10:09:02 +0200
Protection against herbivory in the mutualism between Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Formicidae) and Triplaris americana (Polygonaceae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/5518/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46: 71-83

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.46.5518

Authors: Adriana Sanchez, Edwin Bellota

Abstract: Herbivory significantly impacts the growth and reproduction of plants. Many plants have developed ways to defend against herbivores and one common strategy is to associate with ants. In many ant-plant interactions, ants are known to protect their host. However, in the Neotropical ant-plant genus Triplaris, the benefits provided by associated ants have never been tested. Many Pseudomyrmex spp. ants are obligate inhabitants of Triplaris spp. trees. In this study, Triplaris americana was studied in association with Pseudomyrmex dendroicus, an ant highly specific to its host (it has not been collected from any other species of Triplaris). Ant exclusion experiments were carried out to assess the protective effect of ants. In addition, ant behavior was monitored in control plants to study the mechanisms by which ants might confer protection against herbivory. Ant removal led to a more than 15-fold increase in herbivory. Pseudomyrmex dendroicus are active at all times of day and night and aggressively and efficiently remove insect herbivores from their host.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Nov 2015 10:02:36 +0200
Studies of Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) on Myrmica ants: Rickia wasmannii in the Netherlands https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/4951/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 44: 39-47

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.44.4951

Authors: Danny Haelewaters, Peter Boer, Jinze Noordijk

Abstract: An important group of fungal insect parasites is the Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota). These are microscopic in size and live attached to the cuticle of their arthropod hosts. Rickia wasmannii is a common European species limited to the ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). We present new records of R. wasmannii in the Netherlands on three host species: Myrmica ruginodis, M. sabuleti, and M. scabrinodis. Our data show a mass infection of M. sabuleti by R. wasmannii. The average parasite prevalence is 38% (n = 3,876). The prevalence was much lower on the other Myrmica species. So far, R. wasmannii infections have been found only on Myrmica species in the rubra-group and the scabrinodis-group. We provide possible explanations for this observation. To date, Rickia wasmannii is known on nine Myrmica species in sixteen European countries; an overview is included in tabulated form.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Jun 2015 17:45:33 +0300
Revision of the Crematogaster ranavalonae-group in Asia, with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/4914/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 42: 63-92

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.42.8758

Authors: Shingo Hosoishi

Abstract: The Asian members of the Crematogaster ranavalonae-group are revised and twelve species, including two new species, C. hashimi sp. n. and C. imperfecta sp. n. are recognized. The members are distinguished from the other Asian Crematogaster in having smooth, shiny bodies with short appressed setae on the surface. Crematogaster sikkimensis Forel, 1904 is raised to the species level, and the following new synonyms are established: C. aberrans Forel, 1892 = C. aberrans assmuthi Forel, 1913, syn. n. = C. aberrans inglebyi Forel, 1902, syn. n. = C. soror Forel, 1902, syn. n.; C. ebenina Forel, 1902 = C. ebenina corax Forel, 1902, syn. n. A key to the species based on the worker caste is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 18 Mar 2015 00:00:00 +0200
Aenictus yangi sp. n. – a new species of the A. ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) from Yunnan, China https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/4910/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 42: 33-45

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.42.8859

Authors: Cong Liu, Francisco Hita Garcia, Yan-Qiong Peng, Evan P. Economo

Abstract: In this study we present a taxonomic update for the Aenictus ceylonicus group. A recent survey of the leaf litter ant fauna of Xingshuangbanna (Yunnan, China) yielded material of a hitherto unknown member of the group, which we describe here as Aenictus yangi sp. n. The new species is clearly distinguishable from the other species of the A. ceylonicus group based on differences in mandibular dentition, the development of the metanotal groove, the shape of the propodeum and subpetiolar process, as well as surface sculpture on the mesosoma and waist segments. In order to integrate A. yangi sp. n. into the taxonomic system created by Jaitrong and Yamane (2013) we provide an update to the identification key provided in the latter revision, as well as a diagnostic discussion and high-quality illustrations of important species and morphological characters.

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Research Article Wed, 18 Mar 2015 00:00:00 +0200
Polygyny and strong genetic structuring within an isolated population of the wood ant Formica rufa https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/4402/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 41: 95-111

DOI: 10.3897/JHR.41.8191

Authors: Wouter Dekoninck, Kevin Maebe, Peter Breyne, Frederik Hendrickx

Abstract: Social structuring of populations within some Formica species exhibits considerable variation going from monodomous and monogynous populations to polydomous, polygynous populations. The wood ant species Formica rufa appears to be mainly monodomous and monogynous throughout most of its distribution area in central and northern Europe. Only occasionally it was mentioned that F. rufa can have both polygynous and monogynous colonies in the same geographical region. We studied an isolated polydomous F. rufa population in a deciduous mixed forest in the north-west of Belgium. The level of polydomy within the colonies varied from monodomous to 11 nests per colony. Our genetic analysis of eight variable microsatellites suggest an oligo- to polygynous structure for at least the major part of the sampled nests. Relatedness amongst nest mate workers varies considerable within the population and colonies but confirms in general a polygynous structure. Additionally high genetic diversity (e.g. up to 8 out of 11 alleles per nest for the most variable locus) and high within nest genetic variance (93%) indicate that multiple queens contribute to the gene pool of workers of the same nest. Moreover significant genetic structuring among colonies indicates that gene flow between colonies is restricted and that exchange of workers between colonies is very limited. Finally we explain how possible factors as budding and the absence of Serviformica can explain the differences in genetic structure within this polygynous F. rufa population.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Dec 2014 00:00:00 +0200
Organ-specific patterns of endopolyploidy in the giant ant Dinoponera australis https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1657/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 37: 113-126

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.37.6824

Authors: Daniel Scholes, Andrew Suarez, Adrian Smith, Spencer Johnston, Ken Paige

Abstract: Endoreduplication is an alternative cell cycle that omits cell division such that cellular ploidy increases, generating “endopolyploidy”. Endoreduplication is common among eukaryotes and is thought to be important in generalized cell differentiation. Previous research on ants suggests that they endoreduplicate in body segment-dependent manners. In this study, we measured endopolyploidy of specific organs within ant body segments to determine which organs are driving these segment-specific patterns and whether endopolyploidy is related to organ function. We dissected fourteen organs from each of five individuals of Dinoponera australis and measured endopolyploidy of each organ via flow cytometry. Abdominal organs had higher levels of endopolyploidy than organs from the head and thorax, driven by particularly high ploidy levels for organs with digestive or exocrine function. In contrast, organs of the reproductive, muscular, and neural systems had relatively low endopolyploidy. These results provide insight into the segment-specific patterns of endopolyploidy previously reported and into the specific organs that employ endoreduplication in their functional development. Future work aimed at quantifying the metabolic and gene expression effects of endoreduplication will clarify how this often overlooked genomic event contributes to the development and function of specialized organs across the breadth of taxa that are known to endoreduplicate.

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Research Article Fri, 28 Mar 2014 00:00:00 +0200
Taxonomic review of the ant genus Paratrechina, with a description of a new species from Africa https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1647/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 71-82

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.35.5628

Authors: John LaPolla, Peter Hawkes, Jonathan N. Fisher

Abstract: With the recent finding of Paratrechina (broad sense) paraphyly, only Paratrechina longicornis remained in a redefined genus. As one of the most widely distributed ant species due to human transfer around the world, there is much interest in the biology of P. longicornis. One issue concerning P. longicornis has been as to where exactly the species is native, with both African and Asian native ranges being invoked in the literature. Here we report the discovery of a second species within Paratrechina. This species, P. zanjensis, is native to Africa (known from Angola, Mozambique and Tanzania), where it appears to be a dry miombo woodland species. Given the discovery of this new species, a reevaluation of the morphological definition of Paratrechina is provided; also provided is an updated generic level identification key. Given the available distribution information on P. longicornis, we conclude that P. longicornis remains most likely native to southeastern Asia, and that the discovery of a new species native to Africa makes Paratrechina yet another example of an ant genus that possesses an Afro-Asian distribution.

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Research Article Fri, 25 Oct 2013 00:00:00 +0300
Function of the Dufour’s gland in solitary and social Hymenoptera https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1649/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 33-58

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.35.4783

Authors: Aniruddha Mitra

Abstract: The poison gland and Dufour’s gland are the two glands associated with the sting apparatus in female Apocrita (Hymenoptera). While the poison gland usually functions as an integral part of the venom delivery system, the Dufour’s gland has been found to differ in its function in various hymenopteran groups. Like all exocrine glands, the function of the Dufour’s gland is to secrete chemicals, but the nature and function of the secretions varies in different taxa. Functions of the Dufour’s gland secretions range from serving as a component of material used in nest building, larval food, and pheromones involved in communicative functions that are important for both solitary and social species. This review summarizes the different functions reported for the Dufour’s gland in hymenopterans, illustrating how the Dufour’s gland secretions can be adapted to give rise to various functions in response to different challenges posed by the ways of life followed by different taxa. Aspects of development, structure, chemistry and the evolution of different functions are also touched upon briefly.

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Review Article Fri, 25 Oct 2013 00:00:00 +0300
The life history of Pseudometagea schwarzii, with a discussion of the evolution of endoparasitism and koinobiosis in Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Chalcidoidea) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1651/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 1-15

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.35.6025

Authors: John Heraty, Elizabeth Murray

Abstract: The immature stages and behavior of Pseudometagea schwarzii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Eucharitini) are described, and the presence of an endoparasitic planidium that undergoes growth-feeding in the larva of the host ant (Lasius neoniger Emery) is confirmed. Bayesian inference and parsimony ancestral state reconstruction are used to map the evolution of endoparasitism across the eucharitid-perilampid clade. Endoparasitism is proposed to have evolved independently three times within Eucharitidae, including once in Pseudometagea Ashmead, and at least twice in Perilampus Latreille. Endoparasitism is independent as an evolutionary trait from other life history traits such as differences in growth and development of the first-instar larva, hypermetamorphic larval morphology, and other biological traits, including koinobiosis.

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Research Article Fri, 25 Oct 2013 00:00:00 +0300
The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1625/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 165-233

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.31.4274

Authors: Weeyawat Jaitrong Jaitrong, Seiki Yamane

Abstract: The genus Aenictus is a diverse group of army ants in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus ceylonicus group are revised to include twenty-three species (4 named and 19 new species): Aenictus appressipilosus sp. n., A. baliensis sp. n., A. brevipodus sp. n., A. concavus sp. n., A. cylindripetiolus sp. n., A. eguchii sp. n., A. formosensis Forel, 1913 stat. n., A. fuchuanensis Zhou, 2001, A. gonioccipus sp. n., A. itoi sp. n., A. jawadwipa sp. n., A. khaoyaiensis sp. n., A. lifuiae Terayama, 1984, A. longicephalus sp. n., A. maneerati sp. n., A. minipetiolus sp. n., A. pilosus sp. n., A. pinkaewi sp. n., A. sundalandensis sp. n., A. thailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993, A. watanasiti sp. n., A. wilaiae sp. n., and A. wiwatwitayai sp. n. Aenictus ceylonicus var. formosensis Forel is removed from synonymy with A. ceylonicus and raised to full species. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for A. ceylonicus. Redescriptions of Aenictus ceylonicus (Mayr, 1866) (India and Sri Lanka) and A. doryloides Wilson, 1964 (India) are provided. The queen of A. cylindripetiolus is described. A key to the Southeast Asian species of the group is given based on the worker caste. Most of the Southeast Asian species of this species group have more or less limited distribution ranges. This may be due to the poor dispersal ability generally seen among the Aenictus species, in which the propagule (reproductive unit) is an apterous queen plus accompanying workers.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Mar 2013 00:00:00 +0200
A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1626/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31: 119-164

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.31.4335

Authors: Paul Lenhart, Shawn T. Dash, William P. Mackay

Abstract: Dinoponera Roger 1861 has been revised several times. However, species limits remain questionable due to limited collection and undescribed males. We re-evaluate the species boundaries based on workers and known males. We describe the new species Dinoponera hispida from Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil and Dinoponera snellingi from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and describe the male of Dinoponera longipes Emery 1901. Additionally, we report numerous range extensions with updated distribution maps and provide keys in English, Spanish and Portuguese for workers and known males of Dinoponera.

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Research Article Wed, 20 Mar 2013 00:00:00 +0200
The male genitalia of ants: musculature, homology, and functional morphology (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Formicidae) https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/1620/ Journal of Hymenoptera Research 30: 29-49

DOI: 10.3897/jhr.30.3535

Authors: Brendon Boudinot

Abstract: The genitalia of male ants are interpreted in the context of the broader Hymenoptera. For the first time muscle homologies are established for twenty six species of ants in nine subfamilies: Amblyoponinae, Cerapachyinae, Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Leptanilloidinae, Myrmicinae and Ponerinae. Fifteen muscles in total are found in the external genitalia of male ants and all are homologous with the musculature of basal Hymenoptera (Schulmeister 2001). Secondary fusion, reduction or losses of muscles have occurred in different lineages. From generalized to derived, the functional morphology and qualitative mechanics of three taxa, Formica obscuripes Forel 1886, Messor andrei Mayr (1886) and Labidus coecus Latreille (1802) are described and compared. Special reference is made to the Ecitoninae, where the work of Birket-Smith (1981) is reinterpreted and volsellar homology is clarified. The true digitus of Labidus is revealed to be a small sclerite at the base of the distal volsellar element which is re-identified as the cuspis.

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Research Article Wed, 30 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0200